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| 1 | A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles显示文摘Phylogenetic studies of Carex L.(Cyperaceae)have consistently demonstrated that most subgenera and sections are para-or polyphyletic.Yet,taxonomists continue to use subgenera and sections in Carex classification.Why?The Global Carex Group(GCG)here takes the position that the historical and continued use of subgenera and sections serves to(i)organize our understanding of lineages in Carex,(ii)create an identification mechanism to break the~2000 species of Carex into manageable groups and stimulate its study,and(iii)provide a framework to recognize morphologically diagnosable lineages within Carex.Unfortunately,the current understanding of phylogenetic relationships in Carex is not yet sufficient for a global reclassification of the genus within a Linnean infrageneric(sectional)framework.Rather than leaving Carex classification in its current state,which is misleading and confusing,we here take the intermediate steps of implementing the recently revised subgeneric classification and using a combination of informally named clades and formally named sections to reflect the current state of our knowledge.This hybrid classification framework is presented in an order corresponding to a linear arrangement of the clades on a ladderized phylogeny,largely based on the recent phylogenies published by the GCG.It organizes Carex into six subgenera,which are,in turn,subdivided into 62 formally named Linnean sections plus 49 informal groups.This framework will serve as a roadmap for research on Carex phylogeny,enabling further development of a complete reclassification by presenting relevant morphological and geographical information on clades where possible and standardizing the use of formal sectional names. | Eric H.Roalson Pedro Jiménez-Mejías Andrew L.Hipp Carmen Benítez-Benítez Leo P.Bruederle Kyong-Sook Chung Marcial Escudero Bruce A.Ford Kerry Ford Sebastian Gebauer Berit Gehrke Marlene Hahn Muhammad Qasim Hayat Mathias H.Hoffmann Xiao-Feng Jin Sangtae Kim Isabel Larridon Étienne Léveillé-Bourret Yi-Fei Lu Modesto Luceño Enrique Maguilla Jose IgnacioMárquez-Corro Santiago Martín-Bravo Tomomi Masaki Mónica Míguez Robert F.C.Naczi Anton A.Reznicek Daniel Spalink Julian R.Starr Uzma Tamara Villaverde Marcia J.Waterway Karen L.Wilson and Shu-Ren Zhang | 2021 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2021，59，4： | 3 |
| 2 | Isolation and diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori by a new method: Microcapillary culture显示文摘AIM:To investigate the performance of the microcapillary culture method(MCM) in Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) isolation and diagnosis.METHODS:Microcapillary culture(MC),classical culture(CC),rapid urease(CLO) test,and histopathologic examination(HE) were performed with biopsy samples.Homogenized biopsy samples were loaded into capillary tubes and incubated for 48 h at 37 ℃ without providing a microaerophilic environment.Additionally,three or four loops of the homogenized sample were inoculated in a ready-to-use selective medium(Becton Dickinson,Helicobacter Agar,Modified) specific for the isolation of H.pylori and incubated at 37 ℃ in a microaerophilic atmosphere provided by Campy Gen(Becton Dickinson,Gas Pack).Bacteria reproducing in microcapillary tubes were evaluated in an inverted microscope and also were evaluated after performing a CC with the content.Results obtained by CC,CLO test,and HE were compared with those of MC.The diagnostic performances of the methods used in this study were evaluated for specificity,sensitivity,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive value(NPV),and CI.RESULTS:H.pylori was found positive by CLO test +HE and/or CC culture in 26 patient antrum and corpus biopsy samples.In 25(25/26) patient biopsy samples,H.pylori was isolated by MCM,whereas in only 14(14/26) patient biopsy samples,H.pylori was isolatedby CC.CLO test and HE were found positive in 17(17/26) patient biopsy samples.Comparing the results of the isolation of H.pylori by MCM,CC,CLO test,and HE,the sensitivity of the MCM was found as 96%,the specificity as 80%,the PPV as 83%,the NPV as 95%,and the 95%CI as 0.76(χ2 =31.51,P < 0.01) whereas the sensitivity of the CC was found as 54%(χ2 =19.15,P < 0.01),and the sensitivity of the CLO test and HE were found as 65%(χ2 =25.26,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:This new microcapillary cultivation method for H.pylori has high diagnostic sensitivity compared with CC,HE,and CLO tests. | Adil M Allahverdiyev Melahat Bagirova Reyhan Caliskan Hrisi Bahar Tokman Hayat Aliyeva Gokce Unal Olga Nehir Oztel Emrah Sefik Abamor Hilal Toptas Pelin Yuksel Fatma Kalayci Mustafa Aslan Yusuf Erzin Kadir Bal Bekir S Kocazeybek | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，9： | 2 |
| 3 | Unsteady flow of a second grade fluid film over an unsteady stretching sheet显示文摘 | Abbas Z Hayat T Sajid M | 2008 | Math Computer Modelling2008，48，34： | 1 |
| 4 | Analytic solution for MHD rotating flow of a second grade fluid over a shrinking surface显示文摘 | Hayat T Javed T Sajid M | 2008 | Phy Lett A2008，372，18： | 1 |
| 5 | Gene transfer, expression and inheritance of pRSV-rainbow trout GH complementary DNA in the common carp (Cyprinus capio Linnaeus)显示文摘 | Hayat M Joyce C | 1990 | Mol Reprod Devel1990，25，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Statistical algorithm for nonuniformity correction in focalplane arrays显示文摘 | TORRES S ARMSTRONG E E | 1999 | Applied Optics1999，38，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Statistical algorithm for nonuniformity correction in focal-plane arrays显示文摘 | Hayat M M Torres S N Armstrong E E | 1999 | Applied Optics1999，38，： | 1 |
| 8 | Radiometrically accurate scene-based nonuniformity correction for array sensors 显示文摘 | Ratliff B M Hayat M M Tyo J S | 2003 | JOSA A2003，20，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Scene-based nonuniformity correction with video sequences and registration显示文摘 | Hardie R C Hayat M M Armstrong E E | 2000 | Applied Optics2000，39，： | 1 |
| 10 | MHD stagnation-point flow of an upper-convected Maxwell fluid over a stretching surface显示文摘 | Hayat T Abbas Z Sajid M | 2009 | Chaos Solitons and Fractals2009，39，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Statistical algorithm for nonuniformity correction in focal plane arrays显示文摘 | Hayat M M Tortes S N Armstrong E | 1999 | Applied Optics1999，38，： | 1 |
| 12 | Formation of the beef flavor precursors and their correlation with chemical parameters during the controlled thermal oxidation of tallow 显示文摘 | Song S Q Zhang X M Khizar Hayat | 2011 | Food Chemistry2011，124，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Nano ZnO Synthesis by Modified Sol Gel Method and its Application in Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Removal of Phenol from Water显示文摘 | Hayat K Gondal M A Khaled M M | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Steady flow of an Eyring Powell fluid over a moving surface with convective boundary conditions 显示文摘 | HAYAT T IQBAL Z QASIM M OBAIDAT S | 2012 | International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer2012，55，： | 1 |
| 15 | A revision of the species of Encarsia F(o)rster(Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae)from India and the adjacent countries显示文摘 | Hayat M | 1989 | Oriental Insects1989，23，： | 1 |
| 16 | Steady flow of Maxwell fluid with convective boundary conditions 显示文摘 | Hayat T Shehzad S A Qasim M Obaidat S | 2011 | Z Naturforsch A2011，66，： | 1 |
| 17 | Cancer statistics, trends, and multiple primary cancer analyses from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (seer) program 显示文摘 | Hayat M J Howlader N Reichman ME | 2007 | Oncologist2007，12，： | 1 |
| 18 | MHD flows of a second grade fluid between two side walls perpendicular to a plate through a porous medium 显示文摘 | Khan M Ali S H Hayat T | 2008 | Int J Nonlinear Mech2008，43，4： | 1 |
| 19 | An algebraic algorithm for nonuniformity correction in focal-plane arrays 显示文摘 | Ratliff B M Hayat M M Hardie R C | 2002 | J Opt Soc Am A2002，19，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Radiative flow of a Jeffrey fluid in a porous me- dium with power law heat flux and heat source显示文摘 | Hayat T Shehzad S A Qasim M Obaldat S | 2012 | Nuclear Engineering and Design2012，243，： | 1 |
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