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| 1 | Should phenological information be applied to predict agronomic traits across growth stages of winter wheat?显示文摘Most existing agronomic trait models of winter wheat vary across growing seasons, and it is an open question whether a unified statistical model can be developed to predict agronomic traits using a vegetation index(VI) across multiple growing seasons. In this study, we constructed a hierarchical linear model(HLM) to automatically adapt the relationship between VIs and agronomic traits across growing seasons and tested the model’s performance by sensitivity analysis. Results demonstrated that(1) optical VIs give poor performance in predicting AGB and PNC across all growth stages, whereas VIs perform well for LAI, LGB, LNC, and SPAD.(2) The sensitivity indices of the phenological information in the AGB and PNC prediction models were 0.81–0.86 and 0.66–0.73, whereas LAI, LGB, LNC, and SPAD prediction models produced sensitivity indexes of 0.01–0.02, 0.01–0.02, 0.01–0.02, and 0.02–0.08, respectively.(3) The AGB and PNC prediction models considering ZS were more accurate than the prediction models based on VI. Whether or not phenological information is used, there was no difference in model accuracy for LGB,LNC, SPAD, and LAI. This study may provide a guideline for deciding whether phenological correction is required for estimation of agronomic traits across multiple growing seasons. | Yu Zhao Yang Meng Shaoyu Han Haikuan Feng Guijun Yang Zhenhai Li | 2022 | The Crop Journal2022，10，5： | 2 |
| 2 | Membrane Fouling Alleviation by Chemically Enhanced Backwashing in Treating Algae-Containing Surface Water: From Bench-Scale to Full-Scale Application显示文摘Ultrafiltration(UF)has been increasingly implemented in drinking water treatment plants;however,algae and their secretions can cause severe membrane fouling and pose great challenges to UF in practice.In this study,a simple and practical chemically enhanced backwashing(CEB)process was developed to address such issues using various cleaning reagents,including sodium hypochlorite(NaClO),sodium chloride(NaCl),sodium hydroxide(NaOH),sodium citrate,and their combinations.The results indicate that the type of chemical played a fundamental role in alleviating the hydraulically irreversible membrane fouling(HIMF),with NaClO as the best-performing reagent,followed by NaCl.Furthermore,a CEB process using a combination of NaClO with NaCl,NaOH,or sodium citrate delivered little improvement in the alleviation of membrane fouling compared with NaClO alone.The optimized dosage and dosing frequency of NaClO were 10 mg·L^(-1) two times per day.Long-term pilot-scale and full-scale experiments further verified the feasibility of the CEB process in relieving algae-derived membrane fouling.Compared with the conventional hydraulic backwashing without chemical involvement,the CEB process can effectively remove the organic foulants including biopolymers,humic substances,and proteinlike substances by means of oxidization,thereby weakening the cohesive forces between the organic foulants and the membrane surface.Therefore,the CEB process can efficiently alleviate the algae-related membrane fouling with lower chemical consumption,and is proposed as an alternative to control membrane fouling in treating the algae-containing surface water. | Xiaobin Tang Tiecheng Guo Haiqing Chang Xiao Yue Jinlong Wang Haikuan Yu Binghan Xie Xuewu Zhu Guibai Li Heng Liang | 2022 | Engineering2022，，12： | 0 |
| 3 | Introduction of CMCD in Deepwater显示文摘Overview of CMCD CMCD here refers to the one of Manage Pressure Drilling (MPD). Application of CMCD in deepwater is closely related with the development of marine riser and subsea BOP. LRRS includes high pressure marine riser, split BOP and mud-lift pump. CMCD can achieve the control of bottom hole pressure efficiently through LRRS. CMCD with LRRS has some distinguished advantages in deepwater drilling such as reduction of platform load, | Zhou Chuan Li Shanyun Zhang Haikuan Wang Yanfeng Chi Yu Xie Li | 2009 | China Oil & Gas2009，16，2： | 0 |
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