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| 1 | Two-stage matrix-assisted glare suppression at a large scale显示文摘Scattering-induced glares hinder the detection of weak objects in various scenarios.Recent advances in wavefront shaping show one can not only enhance intensities through constructive interference but also suppress glares within a targeted region via destructive interference.However,due to the lack of a physical model and mathematical guidance,existing approaches have generally adopted a feedback-based scheme,which requires timeconsuming hardware iteration.Moreover,glare suppression with up to tens of speckles was demonstrated by controlling thousands of independent elements.Here,we reported the development of a method named twostage matrix-assisted glare suppression(TAGS),which is capable of suppressing glares at a large scale without triggering time-consuming hardware iteration.By using the TAGS,we experimentally darkened an area containing 100 speckles by controlling only 100 independent elements,achieving an average intensity of only 0.11 of the original value.It is also noticeable that the TAGS is computationally efficient,which only takes 0.35 s to retrieve the matrix and 0.11 s to synthesize the wavefront.With the same number of independent controls,further demonstrations on suppressing larger scales up to 256 speckles were also reported.We envision that the superior performance of the TAGS at a large scale can be beneficial to a variety of demanding imaging tasks under a scattering environment. | DAIXUAN WU JIAWEI LUO ZHIBING LU HANPENG LIANG YUECHENG SHEN ZHAOHUI LI | 2022 | Photonics Research2022，10，12： | 0 |
| 2 | Evaluation of heat stress effects on cellular and transcriptional adaptation of bovine granulosa cells显示文摘Background:Heat stress is known to affect follicular dynamics,oocyte maturation,and fertilization by impairing steroidogenic ability and viability of bovine granulosa cell(bGCs).The present study explored the physiological and molecular response of bGCs to different heat stress intensities in-vitro.We exposed the primary bGCs to heat stress(HS)at 39℃,40℃ and 41℃ along with control samples(38℃)for 2 h.To evaluate the impact of heat stress on bGCs,several in vitro cellular parameters including cell apoptosis,intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and HSP70 kinetics were assessed by flow cytometry,florescence microscopy and western blot,respectively.Furthermore,the ELISA was performed to confirm the 17β-estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P4)levels.In addition,the RNA sequencing(RNA-Seq)method was used to get the molecular based response of bGCs to different heat treatments.Results:Our findings revealed that the HS significantly decreased the cell viability,E2 and P4 levels in bGCs,whereas,increased the cellular apoptosis and ROS.Moreover,the RNA-Seq experiments showed that all the treatments(39℃,40℃ and 41℃)significantly regulated many differentially expressed genes(DEGs)i.e.BCL2L1,STAR,CYP11A1,CASP3,SOD2,HSPA13,and MAPK8IP1 and pathways associated with heat stress,apoptosis,steroidogenesis,and oxidative stress.Conclusively,our data demonstrated that the impact of 40°C treatment was comparatively detrimental for cell viability,apoptosis and ROS accumulation.Notably,a similar trend of gene expression was reported by RT-qPCR for RNA-seq data.Conclusions:Our study presented a worthy strategy for the first time to characterize the cellular and transcriptomic adaptation of bGCs to heat stress(39,40 and 41°C)in-vitro.The results infer that these genes and pathways reported in present study could be useful candidates/indicators for heat stress research in dairy cattle.Moreover,the established model of bGCs to heat stress in the current study provides an appropriate platform to understand the mechanism of how heat-stressed bGCs can affect the quality of oocytes and developing embryo. | Adnan Khan Jinhuan Dou Yachun Wang Xiaolong Jiang Muhammad Zahoor Khan Hanpeng Luo Tahir Usman Huabin Zhu | 2020 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2020，11，2： | 0 |
| 3 | Weighted single-step GWAS and RNA sequencing reveals key candidate genes associated with physiological indicators of heat stress in Holstein cattle显示文摘Background: The study of molecular processes regulating heat stress response in dairy cattle is paramount for developing mitigation strategies to improve heat tolerance and animal welfare. Therefore, we aimed to identify quantitative trait loci(QTL) regions associated with three physiological indicators of heat stress response in Holstein cattle, including rectal temperature(RT), respiration rate score(RS), and drooling score(DS). We estimated genetic parameters for all three traits. Subsequently, a weighted single-step genome-wide association study(WssGWAS) was performed based on 3200 genotypes, 151,486 phenotypic records, and 38,101 animals in the pedigree file. The candidate genes located within the identified QTL regions were further investigated through RNA sequencing(RNA-seq) analyses of blood samples for four cows collected in April(non-heat stress group) and four cows collected in July(heat stress group).Results: The heritability estimates for RT, RS, and DS were 0.06, 0.04, and 0.03, respectively. Fourteen, 19, and 20 genomic regions explained 2.94%, 3.74%, and 4.01% of the total additive genetic variance of RT, RS, and DS, respectively. Most of these genomic regions are located in the Bos taurus autosome(BTA) BTA3, BTA6, BTA8, BTA12, BTA14, BTA21, and BTA24. No genomic regions overlapped between the three indicators of heat stress, indicating the polygenic nature of heat tolerance and the complementary mechanisms involved in heat stress response. For the RNA-seq analyses, 2627 genes were significantly upregulated and 369 downregulated in the heat stress group in comparison to the control group. When integrating the WssGWAS, RNA-seq results, and existing literature, the key candidate genes associated with physiological indicators of heat stress in Holstein cattle are: PMAIP1, SBK1, TMEM33, GATB, CHORDC1, RTN4IP1, and BTBD7.Conclusions: Physiological indicators of heat stress are heritable and can be improved through direct selection. Fifty-three QTL regions associated with heat stress indicators confirm the polygenic nature and complex genetic determinism of heat tolerance in dairy cattle. The identified candidate genes will contribute for optimizing genomic evaluation models by assigning higher weights to genetic markers located in these regions as well as to the design of SNP panels containing polymorphisms located within these candidate genes. | Hanpeng Luo Lirong Hu Luiz F.Brito Jinhuan Dou Abdul Sammad Yao Chang Longgang Ma Gang Guo Lin Liu Liwei Zhai Qing Xu Yachun Wang | 2022 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2022，13，6： | 0 |
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