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| 1 | Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs:A review显示文摘A number of feed additives are marketed to assist in boosting the pigs' immune system, regulate gut microbiota, and reduce negative impacts of weaning and other environmental challenges.The most commonly used feed additives include acidifiers, zinc and copper, prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast products, nucleotides, and plant extracts.Inclusion of pharmacological levels of zinc and copper, certain acidifiers, and several plant extracts have been reported to result in improved pig performance or improved immune function of pigs.It is also possible that use of prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast,and nucleotides may have positive impacts on pig performance, but results have been less consistent and there is a need for more research in this area. | Yanhong Liu Charmaine D.Espinosa Jerubella J.Abelilla Gloria A.Casas L.Vanessa Lagos Su A.Lee Woong B.Kwon John K.Mathai Diego M.D.L.Navarro Neil W.Jaworski Hans H.Stein | 2018 | Animal Nutrition2018，，2： | 41 |
| 2 | Structures and characteristics of carbohydrates in diets fed to pigs: a review显示文摘The current paper reviews the content and variation of fiber fractions in feed ingredients commonly used in swine diets.Carbohydrates serve as the main source of energy in diets fed to pigs.Carbohydrates may be classified according to their degree of polymerization: monosaccharides,disaccharides,oligosaccharides,and polysaccharides.Digestible carbohydrates include sugars,digestible starch,and glycogen that may be digested by enzymes secreted in the gastrointestinal tract of the pig.Non-digestible carbohydrates,also known as fiber,may be fermented by microbial populations along the gastrointestinal tract to synthesize short-chain fatty acids that may be absorbed and metabolized by the pig.These non-digestible carbohydrates include two disaccharides,oligosaccharides,resistant starch,and non-starch polysaccharides.The concentration and structure of non-digestible carbohydrates in diets fed to pigs depend on the type of feed ingredients that are included in the mixed diet.Cellulose,arabinoxylans,and mixed linked β-(1,3)(1,4)-D-glucans are the main cell wall polysaccharides in cereal grains,but vary in proportion and structure depending on the grain and tissue within the grain.Cell walls of oilseeds,oilseed meals,and pulse crops contain cellulose,pectic polysaccharides,lignin,and xyloglucans.Pulse crops and legumes also contain significant quantities of galacto-oligosaccharides including raffinose,stachyose,and verbascose.Overall,understanding the structure,characteristics and measurable chemical properties of fiber in feed ingredients may result in more accurate diet formulations,resulting in an improvement in the utilization of energy from less expensive high-fiber ingredients and a reduction in reliance on energy from more costly cereal grains. | Diego M.D.L.Navarro Jerubella J.Abelilla Hans H.Stein | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，3： | 3 |
| 3 | 猪饲料中来源于椰子干、棕榈仁和大米行业的高纤维副产物的营养价值评估显示文摘1椰子粕和椰子渣
椰子树广泛分布于热带地区,主要产区为印尼、菲律宾、印度和一些南美国家。全世界椰子粉和椰子粕产量约为2亿t(Soyatech,2012)。 | Hans H.Stein Rommel C.Sulabo | 2015 | 中国饲料2015，，6： | 2 |
| 4 | Influence of the concentration of dietary digestible calcium on growth performance,bone mineralization, plasma calcium, and abundance of genes involved in intestinal absorption of calcium in pigs from 11 to 22 kg fed diets with different concentrations of显示文摘Background: A 21-day experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Ca requirements to maximize growth performance expressed as the standardized total tract digestible(STTD) Ca to STTD P ratio is less than 1.40:1. The second hypothesis was that increasing dietary Ca increases plasma Ca concentration and downregulates abundance of genes related to Ca absorption(TRPV6, S100 G, and ATP2 B1) in the duodenum, and tight junction proteins(OCLN, CLDN1, and ZO1) in the duodenum and ileum.Methods: Twenty corn-soybean meal diets were formulated using a 4 × 5 factorial design with diets containing 0.16%, 0.33%, 0.42%, or 0.50% STTD P, and 0.14%, 0.29%, 0.44%, 0.59%, or 0.74% STTD Ca. Six hundred and forty pigs(initial weight: 11.1 ± 1.4 kg) were allotted to 20 diets and 5 blocks in a randomized complete block design. On day21, weights of pigs and feed left in feeders were recorded and blood, duodenal tissue, ileal mucosa, and the right femur were collected from 1 pig per pen. Abundance of m RNA was determined in duodenal and ileal tissue via quantitative RT-PCR. Data were analyzed using a response surface model.Results: The predicted maximum ADG(614 g), G:F(0.65), and bone ash(11.68 g) was obtained at STTD Ca:STTD P ratios of 1.39:1, 1.25:1, and 1.66:1, respectively, when STTD P was provided at the requirement(0.33%). If dietary STTD P was below the requirement, increasing dietary Ca resulted in reduced(P < 0.05) ADG and G:F. However, if dietary STTD P was above the requirement, negative effects(P < 0.05) on ADG and G:F of increasing STTD Ca were observed only if dietary STTD Ca exceeded 0.6%. Plasma Ca concentration was positively affected by STTD Ca over the range studied(quadratic, P < 0.01) and negatively affected by increasing STTD P(linear, P < 0.01). There was a linear negative effect(P < 0.05) of STTD Ca on the abundance of S100 G, TRPV6, OCLN, and ZO1 in duodenum, and CLDN and ZO1 in ileum.Conclusions: The STTD Ca:STTD P ratio needed to maximize growth performance of 11-to 25-kg pigs is less than1.40:1, if P is at the estimated requirement. Increasing dietary Ca reduces transcellular absorption of Ca and increases paracellular absorption of Ca. | L.Vanessa Lagos Su A.Lee Guillermo Fondevila Carrie L.Walk Michael R.Murphy Juan J.Loor Hans H.Stein | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，4： | 2 |
| 5 | 玉米和大豆副产物以及其他替代性蛋白原料在猪饲料中的应用显示文摘文章综述了分别用干粉碎、湿磨或干磨法生产得到的玉米和大豆副产品,包括干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)、高蛋白脱水酒精糟(HP-DDG)、玉米胚芽、玉米蛋白粉、玉米蛋白饲料、玉米胚芽粕、玉米麸、传统豆粕、挤压压榨豆粕、高蛋白大豆豆粕、低寡糖大豆豆粕、酶解豆粕、发酵豆粕、大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白以及浮萍、微藻类和单细胞蛋白类替代性蛋白原料的组成成分和营养价值及其在猪日粮中的应用。 | Hans H.Stein | 2014 | 饲料工业2014，35，8： | 2 |
| 6 | Digestibility and metabolism of copper in diets for pigs and influence of dietary copper on growth performance,intestinal health,and overall immune status:a review显示文摘The current contribution reviews absorption and metabolism of copper(Cu),Cu deficiency,Cu toxicity,Cu bioavailability,and effects of pharmacological levels of Cu on growth performance and intestinal health of pigs.Copper is a micro mineral involved in metabolic reactions including cellular respiration,tissue pigmentation,hemoglobin formation,and connective tissue development.Copper is mostly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract,particularly in the duodenum,but some Cu is absorbed in the stomach.One way to evaluate the efficacy of sources of Cu is to measure relative bioavailability where responses include tissue concentrations of Cu,concentrations of metalloproteins,and enzymatic activity of animals fed test diets containing graded levels of Cu.The requirement for Cu by pigs is 5 to 10 mg/kg diet,however,Cu can be included at growth-promoting levels(i.e.,75 to 250 mg/kg diet)in diets for weanling and growing pigs to reduce post-weaning diarrhea and improve growth performance.The consistently observed improvement in growth performance upon Cu supplementation is likely a result of increases in lipase activity,growth hormone secretion,and expression of genes involved in postabsorptive metabolism of lipids.The growth-promoting effects of dietary Cu have also been attributed to its bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties because Cu may change bacterial populations in the intestine,and thereby reduce inflammation caused by pathogens.However,further research is needed to determine potential interactions between Cu and non-nutritive feed additives(e.g.,enzymes,probiotics,phytobiotics),and the optimum quantity of Cu as well as the optimum duration of feeding supplemental Cu in diets for pigs should be further investigated.These gaps needs to be addressed to maximize inclusion of Cu in diets to improve growth performance while minimizing diseases and mortality. | Charmaine D.Espinosa Hans H.Stein | 2021 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2021，12，2： | 1 |
| 7 | 直接法和差异法评估饲料原料在生长猪上的氨基酸消化率显示文摘文章设计一个试验来检验在直接法下玉米、小麦和小麦麸的氨基酸(AA)的标准回肠消化率(SID)的数值与差异法获得的值比较是否有差异。试验选择初始体重为(69.5±5.0)kg的十六头回肠瘘管猪,随机分配至8种试验日粮,4个阶段的8×4双因素试验设计中;每个时期包括5 d饲料适应期和2 d收集回肠消化物。8种试验饲料分别为:4种饲料基于豆粕(SBM)、玉米、小麦或小麦麸作为唯一的氨基酸源,另外3种饲料是基于豆粕和玉米、豆粕和小麦、豆粕和小麦麸的混合物,最后一种是无氮饲料。使用直接法计算了前4种饲料中粗蛋白和氨基酸的表观回肠消化率AID以及SID。还用直接法计算了3种含有豆粕和玉米、豆粕和小麦、豆粕和小麦麸的混合饲料中粗蛋白和氨基酸的AID和SID,并从饲料中的AID或SID值中减去了豆粕中可消化氨基酸的贡献。随后通过差异法计算玉米、小麦和小麦麸中氨基酸AID和SID。结果表明,如果使用直接法代替差异法,则不管使用哪种原料,少数几种氨基酸的AID值都较低(P<0.05)。如果使用直接法评估,玉米和小麦麸日粮中色氨酸的AID显著增加(P<0.05),而其SID有增加的趋势(P<0.10),但小麦日粮中色氨酸的AID和SID没有出现类似结果。对于所有其他必需氨基酸,以及对于大多数非必需氨基酸,在差异法和直接法之间,玉米、小麦和小麦麸中氨基酸的SID均无差异。因此,可以使用直接法或差异法确定谷物饲料和纤维饲料中氨基酸的SID值。 | Maryane S.F.Oliveira John K.Htoo Hans H.Stein | 2020 | 饲料工业2020，41，24： | 1 |
| 8 | 饲料原料的营养价值显示文摘饲料原料的营养价值是由饲料原料的氨基酸(AA)、脂肪、碳水化合物和矿物质的含量和消化率决定的。可消化氨基酸、脂肪和碳水化合物的总量也反映了日粮消化能(DE)的总量。 | Hans H.Stein | 2013 | 饲料工业2013，34，24： | 0 |
| 9 | 猪饲喂动物蛋白的营养价值显示文摘在猪饲料中最广泛使用的动物蛋白是肉骨粉和鱼粉,它们都含有相对含量较高的氨基酸,也是可消化钙、磷的良好来源。在鱼粉和肉骨粉中,磷的消化率和产品中灰分含量是呈负相关的。家禽产业的副产物包括鸡肉粉、家禽副产物和AV-E Digest都广泛用于饲喂断奶仔猪,因为这些产品有助于提高断奶仔猪的生长性能。水解羽毛粉是另一个家禽产业的副产物,可以用于生长育肥猪的饲料。水解小肠蛋白在近年来也已经允许用于断奶仔猪饲料的氨基酸来源。血液制品,无论是通过环形干燥、滚筒干燥或喷雾干燥的,都是有价值的氨基酸和磷的来源,喷雾干燥的血液制品具有非常好的氨基酸消化率。乳制品工业的副产品包括乳清粉和低蛋白乳清粉,不像其他动物源性饲料原料一样,乳清粉和低蛋白乳清粉氨基酸含量不丰富,主要是作为乳糖的来源饲喂断奶仔猪,并且乳清粉和低蛋白乳清粉的磷都具有很高的消化率。 | Oscar J.Rojas Hans H.Stein | 2014 | 饲料工业2014，35，12： | 0 |
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