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| 1 | Prevalent fecal contamination in drinking water resources and potential health risks in Swat, Pakistan显示文摘Fecal bacteria contaminate water resources and result in associated waterborne diseases.This study assessed drinking water quality and evaluated their potential health risks in Swat, Pakistan. Ground and surface drinking water were randomly collected from upstream to downstream in the River Swat watershed and analyzed for fecal contamination using fecal indicator bacteria(Escherichia coli) and physiochemical parameters(potential of hydrogen, turbidity, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, color, odor and taste). The physiochemical parameters were within their safe limits except in a few locations, whereas, the fecal contaminations in drinking water resources exceeded the drinking water quality standards of Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency(Pak-EPA),2008 and World Health Organization(WHO), 2011. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed that downstream urbanization trend, minimum distance between water sources and pit latrines/sewerage systems, raw sewage deep well injection and amplified urban,pastures and agricultural runoffs having human and animal excreta were the possible sources of contamination. The questionnaire survey revealed that majority of the local people using 10–20 years old drinking water supply schemes at the rate of 73% well supply,13% hand pump supply, 11% spring supply and 3% river/streams supply, which spreads high prevalence of water borne diseases including hepatitis, intestinal infections and diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, jaundice and skin diseases in children followed by older and younger adults. | Kifayatullah Khan Yonglong Lu Mian Abdal Saeed Hazrat Bilal Hassan Sher Hizbullah Khan Jafar Ali Pei Wang Herman Uwizeyimana Yvette Baninla Qifeng Li Zhaoyang Liu Javed Nawab Yunqiao Zhou Chao Su Ruoyu Liang | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，10： | 1 |
| 2 | Sustainable Utilization and Economic Development of Some Plant Resources in Northern Pakistan显示文摘Overshadowed by the vast impact that habitat loss has on targeted plant species survival, it is easy to overlook the fact that utilization and harvesting of species can often result in their genetic depletion and in an often rapid downward trend of their population status. In this regard an ethnobotanical study on the medicinal plants of Shawar valley, District Swat was conducted with the aims to document medicinal plants and to examine the current status of the medicinal plants trade as well as the market chain starting from collectors to consumers. The survey reported 50 species of plants belonging to 33 families as ethnomedicinally important. These species were used as crud drugs by the local people and folk-lore for treating diseases in traditional system of medicine. The detailed local uses, recipe preparation along with their local names and diseases treated were recorded for each species.Market survey revealed that the structure of medicinal plant trade is complex and heterogeneous, involving many players. The collectors are often not aware of the high market prices and medicinal values, and most of the collected material is sold to local middlemen at a very low price. There was an increase of 3 to 5 folds in prices from collectors to the national market.Recommendations were given in the spheres of training sustainable harvesting and post harvesting of wild medicinal plant resources, trade monitoring, equitable sharing of benefits of wild resources, improved control on harvesting and trade for the conservation of resources, enhancement of cultivation efforts, future research into trade in wild harvested plants, community participation in natural resource management and value addition in the herbal products to maximize the benefits. | Hassan Sher M Ajaz Hazrat Sher | 2007 | 云南植物研究2007，29，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Constraints and Opportunities for Sustainable Livelihoods and Cash Income Generation from NTFPs in the Mountains of Northern Parts of Pakistan显示文摘Pakistan′s forest resource base is mostly found in the mountains of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) supporting the livelihood of the rural poor and providing different ecological services.The present study was,therefore,initiated with the aim to evaluate different constraints and opportunities for sustainable livelihoods and cash income generation from NTFPs in the mountainous area of NWFP,Pakistan during 2008.Information was collected through questionnaire and interviews during field trips.A total of 117 NTFPs species have been recorded which are being used locally for various purposes such as fuel wood,fodder,medicinal plants,vegetables,mushroom,agricultural tools making,furniture,thatching,shade,fencing/poles,ornamental purpose and animal products.The majority of plants are multi-functional like Pinus wallichiana provides timber,firewood,torch wood,the leaves/small branches are used as thatch for roofing,split logs are used for fencing and the decomposed needles are collected as humus for agricultural fields.These products were widely used by the indigenous community supporting their livelihood.The study proposes protection and sustainable management of these valuable resources for rural livelihoods,which might be useful for developing regional strategies of sustainable management of forest resources. | Hassan Sher Jehangir Khan Kiramat Khan Hazrat Sher Muhammad Elyemeni | 2010 | 云南植物研究2010，32，2： | 0 |
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