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| 1 | In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of liver tumors and metastases显示文摘Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in men and the eighth in women worldwide. The liver is also the second most common site for metastatic spread of cancer. To assist in the diagnosis of these liver lesions non-invasive advanced imaging techniques are desirable. Magnetic resonance (MR) is commonly used to identify anatomical lesions, but it is a very versatile technique and also can provide specific information on tumor pathophysiology and metabolism, in particular with the application of MR spectroscopy (MRS). This may include data on the type, grade and stage of tumors, and thus assist in further management of the disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the available literature on proton, phosphorus and carbon-13-MRS as performed on primary liver tumors and metastases, with human applications as the main perspective. Upcoming MRSapproaches with potential applications to liver tumors are also included. Since knowledge of some technical background is indispensable to understand the results, a basic introduction of MRS and some technical issues of MRS as applied to tumors and metastases in the liver are described as well. In vivo MR spectroscopy of tumors in a metabolically active organ such as the liver has been demonstrated to provide important information on tumor metabolism, but it also is challenging as compared to applications on some other tissues, in particular in humans, mostly because of its abdominal location where movement may be a disturbing factor. | EGW ter Voert L Heijmen HWM van Laarhoven A Heerschap | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，47： | 7 |
| 2 | Testing of the stability of intensity modulated beams generated with dynamic multileaf collimation, applied to the MM50 racetrack microtron显示文摘 | Heijmen BJ | 2000 | Med Phys2000，27，12： | 1 |
| 3 | Geometrical uncertainties, radiotherapy planning margins, and the ICRV - 62 report 显示文摘 | Stroom JC Heijmen BJ | 2002 | Radiother Oncol2002，64，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Geometrical uncertainties, radiotherapy planning margins and the ICRU-62 rcport显示文摘 | Stroom J C Heijmen B J | 2002 | Radiother Oncol2002，64，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Geometrical uncertainties, radiotherapy planning margins, and the ICRU-62 report 显示文摘 | Stroom JC Heijmen BJ | 2002 | Radiat Oncol2002，64，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Endovascular stent-graftingfor descending thoracic aortic aneurysms显示文摘 | Heijmen RH Deblier IG Moll FL | 2000 | Eur J Cardiothorac Surg2000，21，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Geometrical uncertainties, radiotherapy planning margins, and the ICRU - 62 report 显示文摘 | Stroom JC Heijmen BJ | 2002 | Radiother On- col2002，64，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Geometrical uncertainties,radiotherapy planning margins,and the ICRU-62 report 显示文摘 | Stroom JC Heijmen BJ | 2002 | Radiother Oncol2002，64，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Thoracoabd- ominal aortic aneurysm repair: results of conventional open sur- gery 显示文摘 | Schepens MA Heijmen RH Ranschaert W | 2009 | Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg2009，37，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Non-suture methods of vascular anastomosis 显示文摘 | Zeebregts C J Heijmen R H van den Dungen J J | 2003 | British J Surg2003，90，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Geometrical uncertainties,radiothe rapy planning margins,and the ICRU-62 report显示文摘 | Stroom JC Heijmen BJ | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 12 | Treatment precision of image-guided liver SBRT using implanted fiducial markers depends on marker–tumour distance显示文摘 | Y Seppenwoolde W Wunderink S R Wunderink-van Veen P Storchi A Méndez Romero B J M Heijmen | 2011 | Physics in Medicine and Biology2011，，17： | 1 |
| 13 | Geometrical uncertainties,radiother-apy planning margins,and the ICRU-62 report显示文摘 | Stroom J C Heijmen B J | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 14 | Crosslinking of dermal sheep collagen with tannic acid 显示文摘 | Heijmen H H Pont J S Middelkoop E M | 1997 | Biomaterials1997，18，： | 1 |
| 15 | Geometrical uncertainties,radiotherapy planning margins,and the ICRU-62 report显示文摘 | Stroom JC Heijmen BJ | 2002 | Radiother Oncol2002，64，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Geometrical uncertainties Radio- thera - PY planning margins and the ICRU - 62 report 显示文摘 | Stroom J C Heijmen B J | 2002 | Radiat On - col2002，64，1： | 1 |
| 17 | eNAL: An extension of the nal setup cor- rection protocol for effective use of weekly follow-up measure- ments显示文摘 | de Boer HC Heijmen BJ | 2007 | IntJ Radiat Oncol Biol Phys2007，67，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Antithrombotic therapy after bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement: ACTION Registry survey results显示文摘 | Colli A Verhoye JP Heijmen R | 2008 | EurJ Cardiothorac Surg2008，33，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Automated beam angle and weisht selection in radiotherapy treatment planning applied to pancreas tumors显示文摘 | Woudstra E Heijmen B J | 2003 | Int J Radiat Oncol Bid Phys2003，56，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Geometrical uncertainties,radiotherapy planning margins,and the ICRU-62 report显示文摘 | Stroom JC Heijmen BJ | | 0，，01： | 1 |
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