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| 1 | Achalasia: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology,treatment and outcomes显示文摘Achalasia is a neurodegenerative motility disorder of the oesophagus resulting in deranged oesophageal peristalsis and loss of lower oesophageal sphincter function.Historically,annual achalasia incidence rates were believed to be low,approximately 0.5-1.2 per 100000.More recent reports suggest that annual incidence rates have risen to 1.6 per 100000 in some populations.The aetiology of achalasia is still unclear but is likely to be multi-factorial.Suggested causes include environmental or viral exposures resulting in inflammation of the oesophageal myenteric plexus,which elicits an autoimmune response.Risk of achalasia may be elevated in a sub-group of genetically susceptible people.Improvement in the diagnosis of achalasia,through the introduction of high resolution manometry with pressure topography plotting,has resulted in the development of a novel classification system for achalasia.This classification system can evaluate patient prognosis and predict responsiveness to treatment.There is currently much debate over whether pneumatic dilatation is a superior method compared to the Heller’s myotomy procedure in the treatment of achalasia.A recent com-parative study found equal efficacy,suggesting that patient preference and local expertise should guide the choice.Although achalasia is a relatively rare condition,it carries a risk of complications,including aspiration pneumonia and oesophageal cancer.The risk of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus is believed to be significantly increased in patients with achalasia,however the absolute excess risk is small.Therefore,it is currently unknown whether a surveillance programme in achalasia patients would be effective or cost-effective. | Orla M O'Neill Brian T Johnston Helen G Coleman | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，35： | 26 |
| 2 | CD28 costimulation improves expansion and persistence of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells in lymphoma patients显示文摘 | Savoldo Barbara Ramos Carlos Almeida Liu Enli Mims Martha P Keating Michael J Carrum George Kamble Rammurti T Bollard Catherine M Gee Adrian P Mei Zhuyong Liu Hao Grilley Bambi Rooney Cliona M Heslop Helen E Brenner Malcolm K Dotti Gianpie | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2011，，5： | 1 |
| 3 | Biodegradable fraction of organic carbon estimated under oxic and anoxic conditions显示文摘 | Helene M Vuillemin T Dispan J | 2003 | Water Research2003，37，： | 1 |
| 4 | The force, power, and energy of the 100 meter sprint 显示文摘 | Helene O Yamashita M T | 2010 | American Journal of Physics2010，78，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Modeling the antecedents of proactive behavior at work显示文摘 | Sharon K P Helen M W Nick T | 2006 | Journal of Applied Psychology2006，91，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Profound resolution of early atherosclerosis with conjugated linoleic acid 显示文摘 | SINEAD T BRENDAN H HELEN M R | 2006 | Athero- sclerosis2006，187，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Influence of needlegauge on in vivo ultrasound and microbubble-mediated genetransfection显示文摘 | Richard JB Helen M Mengxing T | 2011 | Ultrasound Med Biol2011，37，9： | 1 |
| 8 | Involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt in the induction of muscle protein degradation by proteolysis-inducing factor显示文摘 | Steven T Helen L Stacey M | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 9 | Evidence that the hexose-to-sucrose ratio does not control the switch to storage product accumulation in oilseeds:analysis of tobacco seed development and effects of overexpressing apoplastic invertase显示文摘 | KIM L T S M HELENE L JOHN L G | 2004 | Journal of Experimental Botany2004，55，： | 1 |
| 10 | Exhaust ener-gy conversion by thermoelectric generator:Two case studies 显示文摘 | Karri M A Thacher E F Helen brook B T | 2011 | Energy Conversion and Management2011，52，3： | 1 |
| 11 | The Ability of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) to Influence Benzopyrene Bioavailability Increases with DOM Biodegradation显示文摘 | GOURLAY C HELENE M VUILLEMIN T | 2005 | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety2005，61，： | 1 |
| 12 | Modeling the antecedents of proactive behavior at work 显示文摘 | SHARON K P HELEN M W NICK T | 2006 | Journal of Applied Psychology2006，91，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Angiogenesis in endocrine tumors显示文摘 | ADRIAN L H SHLOMO M | 2003 | Endocrine2003，24，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Wet oxidation as a pretreatment method for enhancing the enzymatic convertibility of sugarcane bagasse显示文摘 | CARLOS M HELENE B K ANNE B T | 2007 | Enzyme and Microbial Technology2007，40，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Determination of an Acidic Scale in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids 显示文摘 | Cecil T Helene O B Lionel M | 2003 | J Am Chem Soc2003，125，18： | 1 |
| 16 | ( + ) -N-methyllauroteta- nine-β-N-Oxide from Glossocalyx brevipes显示文摘 | Craig T M Alan J F Helene G | 1985 | J Nat Prod1985，48，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Risk models based on time series for count random variables显示文摘 | Helene C Etienne M Florent T | 2011 | Insurance:Mathematics and Economics2011，48，： | 1 |
| 18 | Modeling the antecedents of proactive behavior at work 显示文摘 | SHARON K P HELEN M W NICK T | 2006 | Journal of Applied Psychology2006，9，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Short-term responses of coral reef microphytobenthic communities to inorganic nutrient loading显示文摘 | Helen T Yap | 1999 | Limnology and Oceanography1999，44，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Erosion of mud/sand mixtures 显示文摘 | Helen M Hilde T | 1996 | Coastal Engineering1996，29，： | 1 |
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