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| 1 | Scale dependence of direct shear tests显示文摘Direct shear test has been widely used to measure the shear strength of soils and other particulate materials in industry because of its simplicity. However, the results can be dependent on the specimen size. The ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) publications suggest that for testing soils the shear box should be at least ten times the diameter of the largest particle and the height of the box should be no more than half of its diameter. These guidelines are empirically based. A series of two-dimensional numerical direct shear tests are performed to investigate this scaling effect. By analyzing the bulk friction, particle translation and rotation, percentage of sliding, average volume (area) and shear strain and the evolution of the shear band, we find that the traditional guidelines for direct shear tests are questionable. Scaling dependency of bulk friction on the property of granular materials is clearly present. Our current analysis points out that the scaling effects can vary significantly depending on the particle properties other than their sizes. Of all the parameters we observed, particle rotation appears to have a decisive correlation with the bulk friction. Formation of a shear band is universal. As the shearing progresses, particle rotation begins to concentrate near the shear plane. By defining the width of a shear band as the standard deviation of the distribution of translational gradient or the standard deviation of the distribution of particle rotation, quantitative evolutions of shear band are presented. Both measures of the shear band width dropped rapidly during pre-failure stage. After peak stress both measures begin to approach steady state as the bulk friction stabilizes to the residual stage. These observations suggest that structure formation inside the shear band controls the scaling effect. | ZHOU Qiang SHEN Hayley H HELENBROOK Brian T ZHANG HongWu | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，23： | 6 |
| 2 | Low-Reynolds-number instabilities in three-layer flow down an inclined wall 显示文摘 | Jiang W Y Helenbrook B Lin S P | 2005 | J Fluid Mech2005，539，： | 1 |
| 3 | Test-ing of an automobile exhaust thermoelectric generator in a light truck显示文摘 | Thacher E F Helenbrook B T Karri M A | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 4 | Testing of an automobile exhaust thermoelectric generator in a light truck 显示文摘 | Thacher E F Helenbrook B T Karri M A | 2007 | Journal of Automobile Engineer2007，221，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Preconditioning for Dual-time-stepping Simulations of the Shallow Water E- quations Including Coriolis and Bed Friction Effects 显示文摘 | HELENBROOK B T COWLES G W | 2008 | Journal of Computational Physics2008，227，9： | 1 |
| 6 | Copper staves in the blast furnace 显示文摘 | Helenbrook Robert G | 1996 | Iron and Steel Engineer1996，73，8： | 1 |
| 7 | Proper or- thogonal decomposition and incompressible flow: An ap- plication to particle modeling显示文摘 | O'DONNELL B J HELENBROOK B T | 2007 | Computers and Fluids2007，36，7： | 1 |
| 8 | Testing of an automobile exhaust thermoelectric generator in a light truck显示文摘 | Thacher E F Helenbrook B T Karri M A | 2007 | Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D : Journal of Automobile Engineering2007，221，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Exhaust energy conver-sion by thermoelectric generator:Two case studies显示文摘 | Karri M A Thacher E F Helenbrook B T | 2011 | EnergyConversion and Management2011，52，： | 1 |
| 10 | Quasi-steady deformation and drag of uncontaminated liquid drops显示文摘 | Helenbrook B T Edwards C F | 2002 | Int J of Multiphase Flow2002，28，： | 1 |
| 11 | Copper staves in the blast furnance 显示文摘 | Helenbrook Robert G Kowalski Wolfgang Grosspietsch Klaus-Henning | 1996 | Iron and Steel Engineer1996，73，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Testing of an automobile exhaust thermoelectric generator in a light truck显示文摘 | Thacher E F Helenbrook B T Karri M A | 2007 | Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering2007，221，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Quasi-steady deformation and drag of uncontaminated liquid drops 显示文摘 | Helenbrook B T Edwards C E | 2002 | International Journal of Multiphase Fluw2002，28，10： | 1 |
| 14 | Water requirements for blast furnace copper staves显示文摘 | Helenbrook R G | 2000 | Iron and Steel Maker2000，27，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Quasi-Steady Deformation and Drag of Uncontaminated Liquid Drops 显示文摘 | Helenbrook B T | 2002 | Int J of Multiphase Flow2002，28，： | 1 |
| 16 | Exhaust energy conversion by thermoelectric generator:Two case studies显示文摘 | Karri M A Thacher E F Helenbrook B T | | 0，，52： | 1 |
| 17 | Testing of an automobile exhaust thermo- electric generator in a light truck 显示文摘 | THACHER E F HELENBROOK B T KARRI M A | 2007 | Proc of the Inst of Mech Eng Part D : J of Automobile Eng2007，221，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Quasi-steady deformation and drag of uncontaminated liquid drops显示文摘 | B.T Helenbrook C.F Edwards | 2002 | International Journal of Multiphase Flow2002，，10： | 1 |
| 19 | Water Requirements for Blast Furnace Copper Staves显示文摘 | Helenbrook R G Roy P E | 2000 | Iron and Steelmaker2000，，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Characterization of Blastocystis species infection in humans and mantled howler monkeys, Alouatta palliota aequatorialis, living in close proximity to one another显示文摘 | Helenbrook WD Shields WM Whipps CM | 2015 | Parasitol Res2015，114，7： | 1 |
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