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| 1 | Global leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry and their scaling exponent显示文摘Leaf nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) concentrations constrain photosynthetic and metabolic processes,growth and the productivity of plants. Their stoichiometry and scaling relationships regulate the allocation of N and P from subcellular to organism, and even ecosystem levels, and are crucial to the modelling of plant growth and nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Prior work has revealed a general biogeographic pattern of leaf N and P stoichiometric relationships and shown that leaf N scales roughly as two-thirds the power of P. However, determining whether and how leaf N and P stoichiometries, especially their scaling exponents, change with functional groups and environmental conditions requires further verification. In this study, we compiled a global data set and documented the global leaf N and P concentrations and the N:P ratios by functional group, climate zone and continent. The global overall mean leaf N and P concentrations were 18.9 mg g^(-1) and 1.2 mg g^(-1), respectively, with significantly higher concentrations in herbaceous than woody plants(21.72 mg g^(-1) vs. 18.22 mg g^(-1) for N; and 1.64 mg g^(-1) vs. 1.10 mg g^(-1) for P). Both leaf N and P showed higher concentrations at high latitudes than low latitudes. Among six continents, Europe had the highest N and P concentrations(20.79 and 1.54 mg g^(-1)) and Oceania had the smallest values(10.01 and 0.46 mg g^(-1)). These numerical values may be used as a basis for the comparison of other individual studies. Further, we found that the scaling exponent varied significantly across different functional groups,latitudinal zones, ecoregions and sites. The exponents of herbaceous and woody plants were 0.659 and0.705, respectively, with significant latitudinal patterns decreasing from tropical to temperate to boreal zones. At sites with a sample size ≥10, the values fluctuated from 0.366 to 1.928, with an average of 0.841.Several factors including the intrinsic attributes of different life forms, P-related growth rates and relative nutrient availability of soils likely account for the inconstant exponents of leaf N vs. P scaling relationships. | Di Tian Zhengbing Yan Karl J.Niklas Wenxuan Han Jens Kattge Peter B.Reich Yongkai Luo Yahan Chen Zhiyao Tang Huifeng Hu Ian J.Wright Bernhard Schmid Jingyun Fang | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，5： | 24 |
| 2 | The relationship between relative growth rate and whole-plant C:N:P stoichiometry in plant seedlings grown under nutrient-enriched conditions显示文摘Aims Recent theories indicate that N is more in demand for plant growth than P;therefore,N concentration and N:C and N:P ratios are predicted to be positively correlated with relative growth rate(RGR)in plants under nutrient-enriched conditions.This prediction was tested in this study.Methods We examined the whole-plant concentrations of C,N and P and RGR,as well as the relationship between RGR and the concentrations and the ratios of N:C,P:C and N:P,for different harvest stages(the days after seed germination)of the seedlings of seven shrub species and four herbaceous species grown in N and P non-limiting conditions.The relationships among plant size,nutrient concentrations and ratios were subsequently determined.Important Findings RGR was positively correlated with N concentration and the ratios of N:PandN:C when the data were pooled for all species and for each shrub species,but not for individual herbaceous species.However,the relationship between RGR and P concentration and P:C was not significantly correlated for either shrubs or herbs.The variation of N among harvest stages and species was much greater than that of P,and the variation in N:P ratio was determined primarily by changes in N concentration.The shrub species differed from the herbaceous species in their N and P concentrations,nutrient ratios and in intraspecific relationships between RGR and nutrient ratios.These differences possibly reflect differences in the capacity for P storage and biomass allocation patterns.In general,our data support recent theoretical predictions regarding the relationship between RGR and C:N:P stoichiometry,but they also show that species with different life forms differ in the relationships among RGR and C:N:P stoichimetries. | Youhong Peng Karl J.Niklas Shucun Sun | 2011 | Journal of Plant Ecology2011，4，3： | 5 |
| 3 | A mechanical perspective on foliage leaf form and function显示文摘 | KARL J.NIKLAS | 2002 | New Phytologist2002，，1： | 1 |
| 4 | The metabolic theory of ecology: prospects and challenges for plant biology显示文摘 | Charles A.Price James F.Gilooly Andrew P.Allen Joshua S.Weitz Karl J.Niklas | 2010 | New Phytologist2010，，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Linking species performance to community structure as affected by UV-B radiation:an attenuation experiment显示文摘Aims UV-B radiation is known to affect plant physiology and growth rate in ways that can influence community species composition and structure.Nevertheless,comparatively little is known about how UV-B radiation induced changes in the performance of individual species cascades to affect overall community properties.Because foliage leaves are primarily responsible for photosynthesis and carbon gain and are the major organ that senses and responds to UV-B radiation,we hypothesized that,under reduced UV-B radia-tion,species with larger leaf areas per plant would manifest higher growth rates and hence tend to improve their community status compared to species with smaller leaf areas per plant in herba-ceous plant communities.Methods We tested this hypothesis by examining plant traits(leaf area per plant and plant height),plant growth rate(aboveground biomass per plant and plant biomass per area)and community status(spe-cies within-community relative biomass)for 19 common species in a two-year field experiment in an alpine meadow on Tibetan Plateau.Important findings Aboveground biomass per plant,as well as per area,progressively increased in a 39%reduced(relative to ambient)UV-B treatment dur-ing the experimental period.At the second year,11 out of 19 species significantly or marginally significantly increased their plant height,leaf area per plant and aboveground biomass per plant.No species was negatively affected by reducing UV-B.As hypothesized,the increase in aboveground biomass per plant increased with increasing leaf area per plant,as indicated by cross-species regression analysis.Moreover,the change in species within-community status increased with increasing leaf area per plant.Our study demonstrates that UV-B radiation has differential effects on plant growth rate across species and hence significantly affects species composition and plant commu-nity structure.We suggest that UV-B radiation is an ecological factor structuring plant communities particularly in alpine and polar areas. | Yangheshan Yang Kechang Niu Zhuomiao Hu Karl J.Niklas Shucun Sun | 2018 | Journal of Plant Ecology2018，11，2： | 0 |
| 6 | Ecogeographical variation of 12 morphological traits within Pinus tabulaeformis: the effects of environmental factors and demographic histories显示文摘Aims More data are needed about how genetic variation(GV)and envi-ronmental factors influence phenotypic variation within the natural populations of long-lived species with broad geographic distribu-tions.To fill this gap,we examined the correlations among envi-ronmental factors and phenotypic variation within and among 13 natural populations of Pinus tabulaeformis consisting of four demo-graphically distinct groups within the entire distributional range.Methods Using the Akaike’s information Criterion(AiC)model,we measured 12 morphological traits and constructed alternative candidate models for the relationships between each morphological trait and key climatic variables and genetic groups.We then compared the AiC weight for each candidate model to identify the best approximating model for ecogeographical variation of P.tabulaeformis.The partitioning of vari-ance was assessed subsequently by evaluating the independent vari-ables of the selected best models using partial redundancy analysis.Important Findings Significant phenotypic variation of the morphological traits was observed both within individual populations and among populations.Variation partition analyses showed that most of the phenotypic variation was co-determined by both GV and climatic factors.GV accounted for the largest proportion of reproductive trait variation,whereas local key climatic factors(i.e.actual evapotranspiration,AET)accounted for the largest proportion of phenotypic variation in the remaining investigated traits.Our results indicate that both genetic divergence and key environmental factors affect the phenotypic variation observed among populations of this species,and that reproductive and vegetative traits adaptively respond differently with respect to local environmental conditions.This partitioning of factors can inform those making predictions about phenotypic variation in response to future changes in climatic conditions(particularly those affecting AET). | Mingfei Ji Jianming Deng Buqing Yao Renfei Chen Zhexuan Fan Jiawei Guan Xiaowei Li Fan Wu Karl J.Niklas | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，2： | 0 |
| 7 | Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on forest biomass fractions显示文摘The extent to which key factors at the global scale influence plant biomass allocation patterns remains unclear.Here,we provide a theory about how biotic and abiotic factors influence plant biomass allocation and evaluate its predictions using a large global database for forested communities.Our analyses confirm theoretical predictions that temperature,precipitation,and plant height and density jointly regulate the quotient of leaf biomass and total biomass,and that they have a much weaker effect on shoot(leaf plus stem)biomass fractions at a global scale.Moreover,biotic factors have larger effects than abiotic factors.Climatic variables act equally on shoot and root growth,and differences in plant body size and age,as well as community species composition,which vary with climate in ways that drown out the variations in biomass fractions.The theory and data presented here provide mechanistic explanations of why climate has little effect on biomass fractions. | Renfei Chen Jinzhi Ran Weigang Hu Longwei Dong Mingfei Ji Xin Jia Jingli Lu Haiyang Gong Muhammad Aqeel Shuran Yao Lizhe An Jin-Sheng He Karl J.Niklas Jianming Deng | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，10： | 0 |
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