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| 1 | Beyond tumorigenesis: cancer stem cells in metastasis显示文摘在肿瘤开始的癌症干细胞(CSC ) 的重要性坚定地在白血病被建立了并且最近为许多稳固的肿瘤报导了。然而,特别地关于转移,在多级式的癌症前进的 CSC 的角色有不定义 beenwell。癌症转移要求在远机关播种和 specializedCSCs 的成功的殖民。正常干细胞和 CSC 的生物学分享显著类似并且当适用于癌症的学习时,可以有重要含意转移。而且,重叠分子和小径的集合最近被识别了调整干细胞移植和癌症转移。这些分子组成两个都为移植 CSC 由主要肿瘤和养育的机关微型环境的形成便于转移前壁龛的开始的细胞的相互作用的一个复杂网络。在这评论,我们在这个动态领域里调查了最近的进展并且建议 CSC 在 tumorigenesis 和转移在假定一个中央角色的癌症前进的一个统一模型。更好作为变形串联的一个基本部件理解 ofCSCs 将对变形癌症导致新奇治疗学的策略。 | Feng Li Benjamin Tiede Joan Massague Yibin Kang | 2007 | Cell Research2007,17,1: | 85 |
| 2 | Roles of TGFβ in metastasis显示文摘表明小径的 TGF 尾从苍蝇被保存到人并且被显示了调整象房间增长,区别,活动性,粘附,组织,和规划房间死亡的如此的多样的过程。在 vitro 并且在 vivo,实验建议 TGF 尾能利用这些改变的程序在有免疫力的房间功能的肿瘤微型环境,提高的侵略性质,和抑制上通过它的效果支持癌症转移。表明在 TGF 尾发信号和癌症前进之间的一个连接的最近的临床的证据作为一个治疗学的目标在这条发信号的小径正在培养兴趣。Anti-TGF 尾治疗当前在现出症状之前的潜的研究正在被开发并且测试。当这条小径在多重 homeostatic 过程被含有并且也被知道有 tumor-suppressor 功能,然而,指向 TGF 尾带实质的风险。另外,临床、试验性的结果证明 TGF 尾甚至在一样的肿瘤类型以内在肿瘤前进有多样、经常冲突的角色。为临床的使用的 TGF 尾禁止者的发展将要求 TGF 尾在它在哪个行动发信号,它的后果,和上下文的更深的理解。 | David Padua Joan Massague | 2009 | Cell Research2009,19,1: | 52 |
| 3 | Acute esophageal variceal bleeding:Current strategies and new perspectives显示文摘Management of acute variceal bleeding has greatly improved over recent years. Available data indicates that general management of the bleeding cirrhotic patient by an experienced multidisciplinary team plays a major role in the f inal outcome of this complication. It is currently recommended to combine pharmacological and endoscopic therapies for the initial treatment of the acute bleeding. Vasoactive drugs (preferable somatostatin or terlipressin) should be started as soon as a variceal bleeding is suspected (ideally during transfer to hospital) and maintained afterwards for 2-5 d. After stabilizing the patient with cautious fluid and blood support, an emergency diagnostic endoscopy should be done and, as soon as a skilled endoscopist is available, an endoscopic variceal treatment (ligation as f irst choice, sclerotherapy if endoscopic variceal ligation not feasible) should be performed. Antibiotic prophylaxis must be regarded as an integral part of the treatment of acute variceal bleeding and should be started at admission and maintained for at least 7 d. In case of failure to control the acute bleeding, rescue therapies should be immediately started. Shunt therapies (especially tran sjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) are very effective at controlling treatment failures after an acute variceal bleeding. Therapeutic developments and increasing knowledge in the prognosis of this complication may allow optimization of the management strategy by adapting the different treatments to the expected risk of complications for each patient in the near future. Theoretically, this approach would allow the initiation of early aggressive treatments in high-risk patients and spare low-risk individuals unnecessary proce dures. Current research efforts will hopefully clarify this hypothesis and help to further improve the outcomes of the severe complication of cirrhosis. | Salvador Augustin Antonio González Joan Genescà | 2010 | World Journal of Hepatology2010,2,7: | 44 |
| 4 | 美国临床肿瘤学会IV期非小细胞肺癌化疗的临床实践指南更新显示文摘本文旨在为IV期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗提供更新版推荐。本文资料检索源自2002年以来公布的相关随机试验文献。此指南范围限于化疗与生物治疗。更新委员会对这些文献进行了总结并提供了推荐更新。162篇文献符合标准被纳入参考。本推荐基于可改善总生存期的治疗方法。仅改善无进展生存期的治疗方法推动了对毒性及生存质量的监测。对于体力状态评分为0分或1分患者的一线治疗,可推荐以铂类为基础的细胞毒性药物的两药联用。对铂类治疗有禁忌的患者,可采用非铂类细胞毒性两药联合。对于体力状态评分为2分的患者,单一细胞毒性药物即可。对于疾病进展或经过4个周期的治疗仍对治疗无反应的患者,应停止一线细胞毒性化疗。即使在6个周期后患者对治疗仍有反应,亦应停止两药细胞毒性化疗。对于伴有明确的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变的患者,可推荐一线采用吉非替尼治疗;对于EGFR突变为阴性或不明确的患者,细胞毒性化疗更佳。除具有特定临床特征的患者外,可推荐贝伐单抗与卡铂-紫杉醇联用。对于通过免疫组化证实EGFR阳性的肿瘤患者,可推荐西妥昔单抗与顺铂-长春瑞滨联用。多西紫杉醇、厄洛替尼、吉非替尼或培美曲塞被推荐作为二线治疗。对于未曾接受过厄洛替尼或吉非替尼治疗的患者,可推荐厄洛替尼作为三线治疗。现有数据不足以推荐常规三线采用细胞毒性药物。已有的证据也不足以推荐常规应用分子标记物选择化疗。 | Christopher G. AZZOLI Sherman Baker JR Sarah TEMIN William PAO Timothy ALIFF Julie BRAHMER David H. JOHNSON Janessa L. LASKIN Gregory MASTERS Daniel MILTON Luke NORDQUIST David G. PFISTER Steven PIANTADOSI Joan H. SCHILLER Reily SMITH Thomas J. SMITH John R. STRAWN David TRENT Giuseppe GIACCONE 丁燕(翻译) 南娟(翻译) 刘谦(翻译) 周清华(校对) 陈军(校对) | 2010 | 中国肺癌杂志2010,13,3: | 43 |
| 5 | 影响贫困妇女利用基本生育健康服务的因素分析显示文摘本文采用单变量分析和多因素分析的方法对贫困农村妇女若干基本生育健康服务逐项进行了影响因素的分析。结果显示,影响因素来自服务提供者、使用者和环境条件3个方面,而不同的服务项目在不同的社区影响因素既有共同性又具特殊性。改善基本生育健康服务必须以社区为基础,采取有针对性的措施。 | 方菁 张开宁 肖霞 Joan Kaufman 顾杏元 舒宝刚 | 1997 | 中国初级卫生保健1997,11,9: | 29 |
| 6 | Factors predicting poor prognosis in ischemic colitis显示文摘瞄准:决定临床、分析、内视镜的因素与有关是化学家大肠炎(IC ) 严厉。方法:85 个病人的一个总数从 1996 年 1 月在回顾的研究被注册到 2004 年 5 月。有 53 女性和 32 男性(年龄 74.6+/-9.4 年,范围 45-89 年) 。病人作为 IC 被诊断。下列变量包括年龄,性别,从到承认的症状的外观的时间的经期,病历,药,凳子频率,临床的症状和症状被分析,验血(血克和基本生物化学的侧面) ,和内视镜的调查结果。病人们在温和 IC 组和严重 IC 组(外科或死亡) 被划分。质的变量用 chi 平方测试被分析,参量的数据用学生的 t (P<0.05 ) 被分析。结果:温和 IC 组 69 个病人被在于(42 女性和 27 男性,平均年龄 74.7+/-12.4 年) 。严重 IC 组由 16 个病人组成(11 女性和 5 男性,平均 73.8+/-12.4 年的年龄) 。因为麦克匪特斯氏疗法(没有外科) 的失败,一个病人死了, 15 个病人经历了外科(6 在内视镜的诊断以后并且 9 在 peroperatory 以后诊断) 。85 个病人(9.6%) 中的八个死了,其它被跟随在上面作为为 9.6+/-3.5 瞬间的门诊病人。人口统计的数据,病历,药和凳子频率在两个组(P>0.05 ) 是类似的。说正经的有病的病人比稍微有病的病人有更少的便血(37.5% 对 86.9% , P = 0.000 ) 。更多的心悸亢进(45.4% 对 10.1% , P = 0.011 ) 并且假腹膜炎的更高的流行签名(75% 对 5.7% , P = 0.000 ) 当腹的疼痛的存在和紧张在二个组之间是类似的时,在严重 IC 组被观察。当承认时,有严重 IC 的二个病人有吃惊。关于分析数据,更严重有病的病人被发现比略微有病的病人有贫血症和血钠过少(37.5% 对 10.1% , P = 0.014 和 46.6% 对 14.9% , P = 0.012,分别地) 。狭窄是那比在稍微有病的病人更经常出现在严重有病的病人的唯一的内视镜的发现(66.6% 对 17.3% , P = 0.017 ) 。结论:能预言 IC 的差的预后是便血,心悸亢进和假腹膜炎,贫血症和血钠过少和狭窄的缺席的因素。 | Ramón A■ón Marta Maia Boscá Vicente Sanchiz Joan Tosca Pedro Almela Cirilo Amorós Adolfo Benages | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006,12,30: | 21 |
| 7 | Abnormal endogenous pain modulation and somatic and visceral hypersensitivity in female patients with irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘AIM: To investigate the role of endogenous pain modulatory mechanisms in the central sensitization implicated by the visceral hypersensitivity demonstrated in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Dysfunction of modulatory mechanisms would be expected to also result in changes of somatic sensory function. METHODS: Endogenous pain modulatory mechanisms were assessed using heterotopic stimulation and somatic and visceral sensory testing in IBS. Pain intensities (visua analogue scale, VAS 0-100) during suprathreshold recta distension with a barostat, cold pressor stimulation of the foot and during both stimuli simultaneously (heterotopic stimulation) were recorded in 40 female patients with IBS and 20 female healthy controls. RESULTS: Rectal hypersensitivity (defined by 95% CI of controls) was seen in 21 (53%), somatic hypersensitivity in 22 (55%) and both rectal and somatic hypersensitivity in 14 of these IBS patients. Heterotopic stimulation decreased rectal pain intensity by 6 (-11 to -1) in controls, but increased rectal pain by 2 (-3 to +6) in all IBS patients (P < 0.05) and by 8 (-2 to +19) in IBS patients with somatic and visceral hypersensitivity (P < 0.02). CONCLUSION: A majority of IBS patients had abnormal endogenous pain modulation and somatic hypersensitivity as evidence of central sensitization. | Clive H Wilder-Smith Joan Robert-Yap | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007,13,27: | 19 |
| 8 | 皮质下小血管病诊断的共识声明显示文摘血管性认知损害是用于描述一组涉及大血管和小血管的散发性和遗传性异质性疾病的诊断术语。皮质下小血管病可导致腔隙性梗死和进行性白质损害。被称为宾斯旺格病(Binswanger's disease, BD)的进行性白质损害患者构成了从单纯血管性疾病到合并神经变性病变的疾病谱。BD患者是一个相对同质性的亚组,存在缺氧缺血、腔隙性梗死和炎症,它们协同作用破坏血脑屏障和髓鞘。通过临床、脑脊液、神经心理学和影像学检查获得的多模式疾病标记物能促进该亚组患者的鉴别。本共识声明确定了一系列基于基础病理学改变的潜在生物学标记物,这将有助于诊断以及将来协作性治疗试验的患者选择。 | Gary A Rosenberg Anders Wallin Joanna M Wardlaw Hugh S Markus Joan Montaner Leslie Wolfson Costantino Iadecola Berislav V Zlokovic Anne Joutel Martin Dichgans Marco Duering Reinhold Schmidt Amos D Korczyn Lea T Grinberg Helena C Chui Vladimir Hachinski 王训师 张劼 陈涵丰 俞娅美 徐子奇 罗本燕 | 2016 | 国际脑血管病杂志2016,24,6: | 18 |
| 9 | 卒中相关性肺炎的诊断卒中肺炎共识小组的推荐意见显示文摘背景和目的下呼吸道感染常并发于卒中并对转归造成不利影响。对于并发于卒中的下呼吸道感染性疾病,目前尚无公认的专业术语或诊断金标准,这导致临床诊疗和研究受到影响。本共识旨在提出急性卒中并发下呼吸道感染的标准化术语和可操作性诊断标准。方法对多个文献数据库进行系统检索,经过证据回顾和2轮讨论,最后于2014年9月在英国曼彻斯特召开共识会议,经75%以上共识小组成员达成一致意见后形成共识。结果达成的共识如下:(1)推荐使用卒中相关性肺炎(stroke-associated pneumonia, SAP )作为卒中发病后7 d内发生的下呼吸道感染性疾病的专业术语。(2)提议对 SAP 使用经过改良的美国疾病控制预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC)诊断标准:①很可能的 SAP:符合 CDC 诊断标准,但复查或动态监测胸部 X 片仍缺乏典型改变;②确诊的 SAP:符合 CDC 诊断标准,且胸部 X 片有典型改变。(3)关于白细胞计数或 C反应蛋白在 SAP 诊断中的作用证据有限。(4)其他生物学标记物(如降钙素原)的证据不足。结论提议根据 CDC 诊断标准对 SAP 的术语和诊断制定可操作性的共识标准,需要在卒中患者中进行前瞻性研究来确定其信度、效度以及对医生行为(包括抗生素选择)和临床转归的影响。 | Craig J. Smith Amit K Kishore Andy Vail Angel Chamorro Javier Garau Stephen J. Hopkins Mario Di Napoli Lalit Kalra Peter Langhorne Joan Montaner Christine Roffe Anthony G. Rudd Pippa J. TyrreU Diederik van de Peek Mark Woodhead Andreas Meisel 范琳琳 宿英英 | 2016 | 国际脑血管病杂志2016,24,2: | 17 |
| 10 | 影响男性参与计划生育的因素:中国定性研究的发现显示文摘本项目于1993~1994年在中国开展。为达到研究的预期目的,在方法学方面采用定性研究技术,即通过集体访谈(FGDs)和个人深入访谈的方式来获取各类访谈对象的观念和行为方面的广泛信息,以探究影响男性参与的深层原因。访谈现场确定在四川、云南和吉林三省。本项目集体访谈对象类型主要包括避孕套使用者及其妻子,五年内男扎接受者及其妻子,采用女性方法的妇女及其丈夫等;个人访谈对象类型主要包括政策制定者、项目管理者、节育技术提供者和宗教领袖等。各省现场调查结束后,研究者使用统一拟定的提纲对集体访谈资料进行观点归类,并以个人访谈获取的关键信息加以补充,进而找出研究之主要发现。研究结果提示,影响男性参与计划生育的因素主要涉及政策与宣传、服务与技术、地理与文化和社会与心理等相互联系的诸多方面。根据主要发现提出的建议要点主要包括改善决策者男扎方面的知识,制定出有利于男性参与的鼓励性政策;加强避孕套提供过程的全面质量管理;进一步提高男扎服务质量并制定切实可行的规范;通过各种渠道宣传男扎知识,改进服务提供者的人际交流技巧,为广大群众提供咨询服务,进一步改善男性参与计划生育的意识并分担责任。 | 刘云嵘 吴世仲 罗琳 郭建 唐莉莎 彭林 李长华 苏兰芬 吴亚平 任涛 兰育智 周连福 李季 赫欣 陈昆 李南伊 Elias Wells Joan Haffy Elaine Douglas | 1995 | 中国计划生育学杂志1995,3,1: | 15 |
| 11 | Altered Lignin Biosynthesis Improves Cellulosic Bioethanol Production in Transgenic Maize Plants Down-Regulated for Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase显示文摘Cinnamyl 白酒脱氢酶(CAD ) 是涉及 monolignol 生合成的最后步的关键酶。木质素生产上的 CAD 下面规定的效果在玉米通过一条转基因的途径被调查。转基因的 CAD-RNAi 植物显示出在房间墙作文取决于分析织物和表演改变的酶的减小的不同的度。没有影响全部的木质素内容, CAD-RNAi 茎的细胞墙在 S-to-G 比率与细微减小包含木质素聚合物。另外,这些房间墙积累纤维素和 arabinoxylans 的高水平。相反, CAD-RNAi 中肋的房间墙在全部的木质素内容并且房间墙多糖介绍减小。,在 vitro degradability,试金显示出那到不同程度, CAD 活动的压抑导致的变化生产了中肋和比野类型的植物更可能减解的茎。在这块地里种的 CAD-RNAi 植物介绍了野类型的显型并且生产了干燥生物资源的更高的数量。有纤维质的 bioethanol 试金表明 CAD-RNAi 生物资源生产了乙醇的高水平与相比野类型,使 CAD 成为一个好目标两个都改进玉米 lignocellulosic 生物资源的营养、精力充沛的值。 | Silvia Fornale Montserrat Capellades Antonio Encina Kan Wang Sami Irara Catherine Lapierre Katia Ruel Jean-Paul Joseleaue Jordi Berenguer Pere Puigdomenech Joan Rigau David Caparros-Ruiz | 2012 | Molecular Plant2012,5,4: | 14 |
| 12 | Failed medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction:Causes and surgical strategies显示文摘Patel ar instability is a common clinical problem encountered by orthopedic surgeons specializing in the knee. For patients with chronic lateral patellar instability, the standard surgical approach is to stabilize the patella through a medial patellofemoral ligament(MPFL) reconstruction. Foreseeably, an increasing number of revision surgeries of the reconstructed MPFL will be seen in upcoming years. In this paper, the causes of failed MPFL reconstruction are analyzed:(1) incorrect surgical indication or inappropriate surgical technique/patient selection;(2) a technical error; and(3) an incorrect assessment of the concomitant risk factors for instability. An understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of the MPFL and cautiousness with the imaging techniques while favoring clinical over radiological findings and the use of common sense to determine the adequate surgical technique for each particular case, are critical to minimizing MPFL surgery failure. Additionally, our approach to dealing with failure after primary MPFL reconstruction is also presented. | Vicente Sanchis-Alfonso Erik Montesinos-Berry Cristina Ramirez-Fuentes Joan Leal-Blanquet Pablo E Gelber Joan Carles Monllau | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017,8,2: | 14 |
| 13 | Physiopathology of splanchnic vasodilation in portal hypertension显示文摘In liver cirrhosis, the circulatory hemodynamic alterations of portal hypertension signifi cantly contribute to many of the clinical manifestations of the disease. In the physiopathology of this vascular alteration, mesen- teric splanchnic vasodilation plays an essential role by initiating the hemodynamic process. Numerous studies performed in cirrhotic patients and animal models have shown that this splanchnic vasodilation is the result of an important increase in local and systemic vasodilators and the presence of a splanchnic vascular hyporesponsiveness to vasoconstrictors. Among the molecules and factors known to be potentially involved in this arterial vasodilation, nitric oxide seems to have a crucial role in the physiopathology of this vascular alteration. However, none of the wide variety of mediators can be described as solely responsible, since this phenomenon is multifactorial in origin. Moreover, angiogenesis and vascular remodeling processes alsoseem to play a role. Finally, the sympathetic nervous system is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of the hyperdynamic circulation associated with portal hypertension, although the nature and extent of its role is not completely understood. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms known to contribute to this complex phenomenon. | María Martell Mar Coll Nahia Ezkurdia Imma Raurell Joan Genescà | 2010 | World Journal of Hepatology2010,2,6: | 13 |
| 14 | 乡、村基本生育健康服务质量评价显示文摘本文采用Judith Bruce服务质量理论框架,结合现场调查资料对云南省农村乡、村级的基本生育健康服务质量进行了评价。结果表明,乡、村级服务质量的6个基本组成要素发展不平衡。提供多种可供选择的服务,向育龄人群提供信息,服务提供者的技术能力和追踪服务4个方面亟待改进,而人际关系和综合服务则有了较好的基础。改善乡、村级服务质量的当务之急是提高服务提供者的技术能力及提供信息和卫生指导。 | 方菁 Joan Kaufman 张开宁 | 1997 | 中国初级卫生保健1997,11,9: | 13 |
| 15 | SREBP-1 is a novel mediator of TGFβ1 signaling in mesangial cells显示文摘Glomerular 矩阵累积是糖尿病的 nephropathy 的一个特点。最近的研究证明抄写因素 SREBP-1 的 overexpression 导致 glomerulosclerosis。TGF1 是 glomerulosclerosis 的一个关键 profibrotic 调停人,但是 SREBP-1 是否调整它的效果,是未知的。在肾 mesangial 房间并且在 vivo, TGF1 激活 SREBP-1。这要求发信号的 SCAP, S1P,和 PI3K/Akt,但是独立于 Smad3。TGF1 应答的记者 plasmid p3TP 勒克司的激活要求 SREBP-1a,然而并非 SREBP-1c,对邻近一个 Smad 有约束力的元素的一个电子盒子有约束力。SREBP-1a overexpression 独自激活 p3TP 勒克司。Smad3 为 SREBP-1a transcriptional 激活被要求, TGF1 导致在二个抄写因素之间的协会。由 acetyltransferase CBP 的 SREBP-1a K333 acetylation 为 Smad3 协会和 SREBP-1 transcriptional 活动被要求,并且也为 Smad3 transcriptional 活动被要求。因此, Smad3 和 SREBP-1a 激活合作地调整 TGF transcriptional 回答。SREBP-1 抑制为糖尿病的肾疾病提供新奇治疗学的策略。 | Guang Chen Tony Wang Lalita Uttarwar Richard vanKrieken Renzhong Li Xing Chen Bo Gao Ayesha Ghayur Peter Margetts Joan C. Krepinsky | 2014 | Journal of Molecular Cell Biology2014,8,6: | 13 |
| 16 | 形成性评价(Formative Assessment)的本质及其对教与学的影响显示文摘长期以来,很多学者一直倡导指导教学的评价,即通过评估学生需求和监测其学习进展,适当地设计学习顺序,调整教学策略,改良学习计划,以便有效地促进学习目标的完成。本研究调查了形成性评价在美国中学科学课中的实施情况,并分析其对学生学习进步的影响。研究表明,教师都在努力使用形成性评价来指导教学,而学生取得的成绩各不相同。 | Joan L.Herman Ellen Osmundson Carlos Ayala Stephen Schneider Mike Timms 杜承达 | 2010 | 考试研究2010,6,1: | 12 |
| 17 | 当今英语(外语)教学发展趋向显示文摘一、明确在英语学习过程中,学生是积极的创造者,而不是消极的接受者。也许这一特点是教学原则中的一个基本观点,是近几年来,人们在认识语言和语言学习本质上发生的一个根本转变。五十年代末六十年代初,人们就意识到语言习得的理论开始发生了变化,无论是母语还是第二语言的学习,那些以习惯形成说,刺激一反应理论,条件说,或者是记忆理论为依据的语言习得观点都受到了新观点的冲击。认知心理学家们提出学习是学生积极的活动,创造过程,这一观点(后来被皮亚杰发展为相互作用的理论)则与行为主义学习理论(即斯金纳的行为主义学习理论) | Joan Morley 严彤 | 1988 | 外语教学理论与实践1988,,4: | 12 |
| 18 | 妇女生殖道感染:一个不可忽视的基本生育健康问题显示文摘本文采用现场调查的方法对云南省农村地区妇女生殖道感染的患病情况,妇女对生殖道感染常见症状的态度与行为,乡、村二级基本生育健康服务提供者治疗常见生殖道感染疾病的知识进行了调查分析。结果表明,生殖道感染是农村妇女当前的常见多发病,但妇女对这一问题不够重视,相当比例的乡、村级服务提供者缺乏治疗常见生殖道感染疾病的基本知识。并就如何改善这一状况提出了建议。 | 方菁 Joan Kaufman 张开宁 | 1997 | 中国初级卫生保健1997,11,9: | 12 |
| 19 | Alcohol,nutrition and liver cancer:Role of Toll-like receptor signaling显示文摘This article reviews the evidence that ties the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to the natural immune pro-inflammatory response to chronic liver disease, with a focus on the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling as the mechanism of liver stem cell/progenitor transformation to HCC. Two exemplary models of this phenomenon are reviewed in detail. One model applies chronic ethanol/lipopolysaccharide feeding to the activated TLR4 signaling pathway. The other applies chronic feeding of a carcinogenic drug, in which TLR2 and 4 signaling pathways are activated. In the drug-induced model, two major methyl donors, S-adenosylmethionine and betaine, prevent the upregulation of the TLR signaling pathways and abrogate the stem cell/progenitor proliferation response when fed with the carcinogenic drug. This observation supports a nutritional approach to liver cancer prevention and treatment. The observation that upregulation of the TLR signaling pathways leads to liver tumor formation gives evidence to the popular concept that the chronic pro-inflammatory response is an important mechanism of liver oncogenesis. It provides a nutritional approach, which could prevent HCC from developing in many chronic liver diseases. | Samuel W French Joan Oliva Barbara A French Fawzia Bardag-Gorce | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010,16,11: | 11 |
| 20 | Hypoxia inducible factor-1αaccumulation in steatotic liver preservation:Role of nitric oxide显示文摘AIM:To examine the relevance of hypoxia inducible factor(HIF-1)and nitric oxide(NO)on the preservation of fatty liver against cold ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI). METHODS:We used an isolated perfused rat liver model and we evaluated HIF-1αin steatotic and non-steatotic livers preserved for 24 h at 4℃in University of Wisconsin and IGL-1 solutions,and then subjected to 2 h of normothermic reperfusion.After normoxic reperfusion,liver enzymes,bile production,bromosulfophthalein clearance,as well as HIF-1αand NO[endothelial NO synthase(eNOS)activity and nitrites/nitrates]were also measured.Other factors associated with the higher susceptibility of steatotic livers to IRI,such as mitochondrial damage and vascular resistance were evaluated. RESULTS:A significant increase in HIF-1αwas found in steatotic and non-steatotic livers preserved in IGL-1 after cold storage.Livers preserved in IGL-1 showed a significant attenuation of liver injury and improvement in liver function parameters.These benefits were enhanced by the addition of trimetazidine(an antiischemic drug),which induces NO and eNOS activation, to IGL-1 solution.In normoxic reperfusion,the presence of NO favors HIF-1αaccumulation,promoting also the activation of other cytoprotective genes,such as hemeoxygenase-1. CONCLUSION:We found evidence for the role of the HIF-1α/NO system in fatty liver preservation,especially when IGL-1 solution is used. | Mohamed Amine Zaouali Ismail Ben Mosbah Eleonora Boncompagni Hassen Ben Abdennebi Maria Teresa Mitjavila Ramon Bartrons Isabel Freitas Antoni Rimola Joan Roselló-Catafau | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010,16,28: | 11 |