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| 1 | Progress in material removal mechanisms of surface polishing with ultra precision显示文摘Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process is commonly regarded as the best method for achieving global planarization in the field of surface finishing with ultra-precision. The development of investigation on material removal mechanisms for different materials used in com-puter hard disk and ultra-large scale integration fabrication are reviewed here. The mechanisms underlying the interac-tion between the abrasive particles and polished surfaces during CMP are addressed, and some ways to investigate the polishing mechanisms are presented. | XU Jin LUO Jianbin LU Xinchun ZHANG Chaohui PAN Guoshun | 2004 | Chinese Science Bulletin2004,49,16: | 25 |
| 2 | Black phosphorus as a new lubricant显示文摘In recent years, a new 2D-layered material—black phosphorus(BP)—has been a rising star after the era of graphene owing to its high charge carrier mobility, tunable direct bandgap and unique in-plane anisotropic structure. With the development of the synthesis and modification methods of BP, its extensive applications, e.g., transistors, batteries and optoelectronics have emerged. In order to explore its full potential, research into the tribological properties of BP 2D-layered materials such as lubrication additives and fillers in self-lubricating composite materials would be not only of high scientific value but also of practical significance. In this work, recent advances on the friction and lubrication properties of BP nanosheets made by our group, including the micro-friction properties, the lubrication properties of BP nanosheets as water-based and oil-based lubrication additives, and the friction and wear of BP/PVDF composites will be presented. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities in the use of BP materials as lubricants will be discussed. | Wei WANG Guoxin XIE Jianbin LUO | 2018 | Friction2018,6,1: | 23 |
| 3 | A comparative study between graphene oxide and diamond nanoparticles as water-based lubricating additives显示文摘The tribological properties of graphene oxide(GO) nanosheets and modified diamond(MD) nanoparticles with excellent water-solubility were investigated.GO nanosheets were synthesized using carbon fibers with a regular and uniform size,the lateral size being around 30 nm and the thickness being 2 or 3 nm,while MD nanoparticles were about 30 nm in the three dimensions.The friction properties of ceramics were improved by GO nanosheets or MD nanoparticles used as additives in water-based lubrication,though the effects of two nanoparticles were quite different.For GO nanosheets,the friction coefficient at the beginning decreased sharply from 0.6 to 0.1,as compared with the dionized water lubrication.At the same time,the running-in period was shortened from 2000 s to 250 s.A steady state characterized by ultralow friction(friction coefficient=0.01) was obtained after the running-in period.In the case of MD nanoparticles,the friction coefficient stayed at 0.1 without further decrease during the whole experiment.Based on the observation of wear scar and characterization of remains on the wear track,the positive effect of GO nanosheets was attributed to their lamellar structure and geometric size.MD nanoparticles reduced friction by forming the regularly grained surface on the mating surfaces,and prevented further reduction in steady-state friction coefficient owing to their larger size and hardness.In conclusion,GO nanosheets exhibited favorable potential as an effective additive for water-based lubrication. | LIU YuHong WANG XiaoKang PAN GuoShun LUO JianBin | 2013 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2013,56,1: | 21 |
| 4 | Superlubricitive engineering—Future industry nearly getting rid of wear and frictional energy consumption显示文摘Superlubricity has been developing very rapidly in recent years as a new and important area in tribology. Many new phenomena and materials, as well as some new mechanisms in both liquid and solid superlubricity have been obtained. In liquid superlubricity, tens of new kinds of liquids with superlubricity have been found (e.g., water-based liquids, oil-based lubricants, and liquids combined with additives of two-dimensional (2D) materials that exhibit very good superlubricity properties under high pressure). In the field of solid superlubricity, more materials with superlubricity have been observed, including graphene-to-graphene surfaces, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite to graphene surfaces, and heterostructure surfaces where a friction coefficient as low as 0.00004 has been obtained. However, superlubricity is still under laboratory research. What is the future of superlubricity? What is the barrier restricting superlubricity from industrial applications? How do we transfer superlubricity from scientific research to industrial application? These questions and application fields of superlubricity in near future have been analyzed, and the concept of'superlubricitive engineering'has been proposed in the present work. | Jianbin LUO Xiang ZHOU | 2020 | Friction2020,8,4: | 18 |
| 5 | Investigations of the superlubricity of sapphire against ruby under phosphoric acid lubrication显示文摘In this study,we address the superlubricity behavior of sapphire against ruby(or sapphire against itself)under phosphoric acid solution lubrication.An ultra-low friction coefficient of 0.004 was obtained under a very high contact pressure,with a virgin contact pressure up to 2.57 GPa.Related experiments have indicated that the load,sliding speed,and humidity of the test environment can affect superlubricity to some degree,so we tested variations in these conditions.When superlubricity appears in this study a thin film is present,consisting of a hydrogen bond network of phosphoric acid and water molecules adsorbed on the two friction surfaces,which accounts for the ultra-low friction.Most significantly,the wear rate of the sapphire and ruby in the friction process is very slow and the superlubricity state is very stable,providing favorable conditions for future technological applications. | Jinjin LI Chenhui ZHANG Mingming DENG Jianbin LUO | 2014 | Friction2014,2,2: | 13 |
| 6 | Optimization of groove texture profile to improve hydrodynamic lubrication performance:Theory and experiments显示文摘It is well known that groove texture with a careful design can be used to enhance the load‐carrying capacity of oil film under the conditions of hydrodynamic lubrication.In this study,a general parametric model was developed,and agenetic algorithm‐sequential quadratic programming hybrid method was adopted to obtain the global‐optimum profile of the groove texture.The optimized profiles at different rotating speeds are all chevrons.The numerical analysis results verified the effect of the optimization.In addition to the numerical optimization,experiments were conducted to validate the superiority of the optimized results.The experimental results show that the optimized groove texture can efficiently reduce the coefficient of friction(COF)and the temperature rise of the specimen.In particular,the optimized groove textures can achieve stable ultra‐low COF values(COF<0.01)under certain conditions. | Wei WANG Yongyong HE Jun ZHAO Junyuan MAO Yutong HU Jianbin LUO | 2020 | Friction2020,8,1: | 13 |
| 7 | A review on tribology of polymer composite coatings显示文摘Self-lubricating polymer composite coatings,with tailorable tribological and mechanical properties,have been widely employed on mechanical parts to reduce friction and wear,which saves energy and improves the overall performance for applications such as aerospace satellite parts,shafts,gears,and bushings.The addition of functional fillers can overcome the limitations of single-polymer coatings and extend the service life of the coatings by providing a combination of low friction,high wear resistance,high load bearing,high temperature resistance,and high adhesion.This paper compares the heat resistance,and the tribological and mechanical properties of common polymer matrices,as well as the categories of functional fillers that improve the coating performance.Applicable scopes,process parameters,advantages,and limitations of the preparation methods of polymer coatings are discussed in detail.The tribological properties of the composite coatings with different matrices and fillers are compared,and the lubrication mechanisms are analyzed.Fillers reduce friction by promoting the formation of transfer films or liquid shear films.Improvement of the mechanical properties of the composite coatings with fillers of different morphologies is described in terms of strengthening and toughening mechanisms,including a stress transfer mechanism,shear yielding,crack bridging,and interfacial debonding.The test and enhancement methods for the adhesion properties between the coating and substrate are discussed.The coating adhesion can be enhanced through mechanical treatment,chemical treatment,and energy treatment of the substrate.Finally,we propose the design strategies for high-performance polymer composite coating systems adapted to specific operating conditions,and the limitations of current polymer composite coating research are identified. | Yilong REN Lin ZHANG Guoxin XIE Zhanbo LI Hao CHEN Hanjun GONG Wenhu XU Dan GUO Jianbin LUO | 2021 | Friction2021,9,3: | 13 |
| 8 | Hydrodynamic effect on the superlubricity of phosphoric acid between ceramic and sapphire显示文摘In this work,a super-low friction coefficient of 0.003 was found between a silicon nitride ball and a sapphire plate lubricated by phosphoric acid solution.The wear mainly occurred in the running-in period and disappeared after superlubricity was achieved.The friction coefficient was effectively reduced from 0.3 to 0.003 at a constant speed of 0.076 m/s,accompanied by a 12-nm-thickness film.The lubrication regime was indicated to change from boundary lubrication in the running-in period to elastohydrodynamic lubrication in the superlubricity period,which is also supported by the results of the friction coefficient versus sliding speed.In addition,the experimental results showed good agreement with theoretical calculations based on the elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory,suggesting a significant hydrodynamic effect of phosphoric acid on superlubricity. | Mingming DENG Chenhui ZHANG Jinjin LI Liran MA Jianbin LUO | 2014 | Friction2014,2,2: | 11 |
| 9 | TWO STEPS CHEMICAL-MECHANICAL POLISHING OF RIGID DISK SUBSTRATE TO GET ATOM-SCALE PLANARIZATION SURFACE显示文摘为了得到原子光滑的僵硬磁盘底层表面, ultra-finedalumina 泥浆和纳米,硅石泥浆被准备,并且二步(CMP ) 化学药品机械的擦亮在二泥浆的僵硬磁盘底层被学习。结果证明在在氧化铝泥浆的第一步 CMP 期间,高材料移动率被到达,并且平均粗糙( R_a )和擦亮的表面的平均起浪( W_a )能分别地从以前的 1.4 nm 和 1.6 nm 被减少到大约 0.6 nm 和 0.7 nm 。由使用纳米硅石泥浆并且在第二步 CMP 擦亮过程参数优化, R_a 和擦亮的表面的 W_a 能是进一步的分别地把 nm 和 0.06 nm 归结为 0,038。原子力量显微镜学(AFM ) 分析证明最后的擦亮的表面是极端光滑的 withoutmicro 缺点。 | LEI Hong LUO Jianbin LU Xinchun | 2006 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2006,19,4: | 11 |
| 10 | Molecular behaviors in thin film lubrication——Part three: Superlubricity attained by polar and nonpolar molecules显示文摘In thin-film lubrication(TFL), generally, the viscosity of the lubricant and its coefficient of friction(Co F) increase. Finding a method to reduce the Co F in TFL is a significant challenge for tribologists. In the present work, we report a robust superlubricity attained by using polyalkylene glycols(PAGs, polar molecules) and poly-α-olefins(PAOs, nonpolar molecules) as lubricants on steel/steel friction pairs that have been pre-treated by wearing-in with polyethylene glycol aqueous solution(PEG(aq)). A steady superlubricity state with a Co F of 0.0045 for PAG100 and 0.006 for PAO6 could be maintained for at least 1 h. Various affecting factors, including the sliding velocity, normal load, and viscosity of the lubricants, were investigated. Element analysis proved that composite tribochemical layers were deposited on the worn region after the treatment with PEG(aq). These layers were formed by the tribochemical reactions between PEG and steel and composed of various substances including oxides, iron oxides, Fe OOH, and Fe(OH)3, which contributed to the superlubricity. In addition to the tribochemical layers, ordered layers and a fluid layer were formed by the PAGs and PAOs during the superlubricity periods. All the three types of layers contributed to the superlubricity, indicating that it was attained in the TFL regime. Accordingly, a mechanism was proposed for the superlubricity of the PAGs and PAOs in the TFL regime in this work. This study will increase the scientific understanding of the superlubricity in the TFL regime and reveal, in the future, the potential for designing superlubricity systems on steel surfaces for industrial applications. | Xiangyu GE Tobias HALMANS Jinjin LI Jianbin LUO | 2019 | Friction2019,7,6: | 11 |
| 11 | Molecular behaviors in thin film lubrication——Part one: Film formation for different polarities of molecules显示文摘There are three unsolved problems in thin film lubrication(TFL) since it was proposed 20 years ago, i.e., the determination of the type of molecules that can enter the contact region efficiently during sliding, the orientation of molecules in the contact region, and the effect of solid surfaces on the liquid molecular orientation in TFL. In order to answer the first two questions, an in situ measurement system comprising a self-designed Raman microscopy and relative optical interference intensity(ROⅡ) system was set up to study the molecular behaviors. A variety of binary mixtures were used as lubricants in the test, and the concentration distribution profile and orientation of the additive molecules in TFL were characterized. The molecular behavior was determined via a combination of shearing, confinement, and surface adsorption. Furthermore, the difference in molecular polarity resulted in different competing effect of surface adsorption and intermolecular interaction, the influence of which on molecular behavior was discussed. Polar additive molecules interacted with the steel surface and exhibited an enrichment effect in the Hertz contact region when added into a nonpolar base oil. No enrichment effect was observed for nonpolar molecules that were added into the nonpolar base oil and polar molecules added into polar base oil. The enrichment of additive molecules enhanced the film-forming ability of the lubricant and resulted in a reduction in the friction coefficient of up to 61%. The orderly arrangement of the additive molecules was another reason for the friction-reducing. A binary multilayer model was proposed to illuminate the molecular behavior in the TFL, and the model was supported by contrary experiment results in elastohydrodynamic lubrication. This research may aid in understanding the nanoscale lubrication mechanism in TFL and the development of novel liquid lubricants. | Shaohua ZHANG Yijun QIAO Yuhong LIU Liran MA Jianbin LUO | 2019 | Friction2019,7,4: | 10 |
| 12 | Modified graphene as novel lubricating additive with high dispersion stability in oil显示文摘Graphene is a promising material as a lubricant additive for reducing friction and wear.Here,a dispersing method which combines chemical modification of graphene by octadecylamine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide with a kind of effective dispersant has been successfully developed to achieve the remarkable dispersion stability of graphene in base oil.The stable dispersion time of modified graphene(0.5 wt%)with dispersant(1 wt%)in PAO-6 could be up to about 120 days,which was the longest time reported so far.At the same time,the lubricant exhibits a significant improvement of tribological performance for a steel ball to plate tribo-system with a normal load of 2 N.The coefficient of friction between sliding surfaces was~0.10 and the depth of wear track on plate was~21 nm,which decreased by about 44%and 90%when compared to pure PAO-6,respectively.Furthermore,the analysis of the lubricating mechanisms in regard to the sliding-induced formation of nanostructured tribo-film has been contacted by using Raman spectra and TEM. | Pu WU Xinchun CHEN Chenhui ZHANG Jiping ZHANG Jianbin LUO Jiyang ZHANG | 2021 | Friction2021,9,1: | 9 |
| 13 | Modification on the tribological properties of ceramics lubricated by water using fullerenol as a lubricating additive显示文摘It is necessary to modify the running-in process for the application of ceramics using water as a lubricant in real conditions because ceramics sliding in water are characterized by a running-in period with severe friction and wear.Fullerenol,a kind of highly water-soluble nanoparticle,was synthesized and then used to ameliorate the tribological properties of Si 3 N 4 sliding against Al 2 O 3 in pure water.With the addition of fullerenol,the running-in period was shortened from 30 min to 100 s at a speed of 250 mm/s.The speed threshold above which ultralow friction can be obtained in a short time was expanded from 450 mm/s to 80 mm/s.Meanwhile,the load-carrying ability of water film was increased.The role of fullerenol was discussed based on observation of the wear scar by an optical interferometer and XPS characterization of the tribo-film on the wear track. | LIU YuHong WANG XiaoKang LIU PengXiao ZHENG JunPeng SHU ChunYing PAN GuoShun LUO JianBin | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012,55,9: | 9 |
| 14 | Preparation of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) brush bonded on silicon substrate and its water-based lubricating property显示文摘The poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) brush was covalently bonded on an initiator-coated silicon wafer via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The polymer brush was (76.2±0.1) nm in thickness (by ellipsometer) with a grafting density of ca. 0.27 chains/nm 2 . The tribological properties of the poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) brush were investigated by means of ball-on-disk tests in a rotational mode under water lubrication for tribological application. The experimental results exhibited a low friction coefficient of ca. 0.03. The excellent lubrication property of the brush was due to its amide groups in the polymer chains. It was supposed that the good lubrication property of the brush was attributed to the cross-linked polymer network formed by the hydrogen bond association of N-H…O==C and the water molecular layer adsorbed by the terminal amide groups in the brush. The poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) solution also exhibits a lubrication property due to physical adsorption of the polymer chains. | LIU YuHong XIAO YuQi LUO JianBin | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012,55,12: | 9 |
| 15 | Tribological Properties of Few-layer Graphene Oxide Sheets as Oil-Based Lubricant Additives显示文摘The performance of a lubricant largely depends on the additives it involves. However, currently used additives cause severe pollution if they are burned and exhausted. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new generation of green additives. Graphene oxide(GO) consists of only C, H and O and thus is considered to be environmentally friendly. So the tribological properties of the few-layer GO sheet as an additive in hydrocarbon base oil are investigated systematically. It is found that, with the addition of GO sheets, both the coefficient of friction(COF) and wear are decreased and the working temperature range of the lubricant is expanded in the positive direction. Moreover, GO sheets has better performance under higher sliding speed and the optimized concentration of GO sheets is determined to be 0.5wt%. After rubbing, GO is detected on the wear scars through Raman spectroscopy. And it is believed that, during the rubbing, GO sheets adhere to the sliding surfaces, behaving like protective films and preventing the sliding surfaces from contacting with each other directly. This paper proves that the GO sheet is an effective lubricant additive, illuminates the lubrication mechanism, and provides some critical parameters for the practical application of GO sheets in lubrication. | CHEN Zhe LIU Yuhong LUO Jianbin | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2016,29,2: | 9 |
| 16 | Nano-tribological properties and mechanisms of the liquid crystal as an additive显示文摘Under conditions of low speed, small viscosity and molecularly smooth tribe-surfaces, the behavior of lubricant film in the nano scale is different from that in elas-tohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) and boundary lubrication (BL). Due to the size effect, long-range ordered structure of liquid crystal (LC) has great effects on the tribological properties and film-forming mechanism of thin film in the nano scale. The technique of relative optical interference intensity (ROII) was used to investigate nano-tribological properties when cholesteryl LCs are added to hexadecane. The results indicate that the practical film thickness of hexadecane with liquid crystal is 3-5 times as large as that expected from EHL theory in the low speed region. The film thickness increases with the enhancement in polarity and concentration of LC in hexadecane, and external DC voltage. The effective viscosity of lubricant is related to the film thickness and the voltage and it varies from bulk viscosity to several times or tens | Mingwu Shen Jianbin Luo Shizhu Wen Junbin Yao | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001,46,14: | 8 |
| 17 | Film forming behavior in thin film lubrication at high speeds显示文摘The film forming condition may transit into thin film lubrication(TFL) at high speeds when it is under severe starvation. Central film thicknesses and film thickness profiles are obtained via a technique of relative optical interference intensity. These profiles show a critical film thickness lower than which the absolute values of the film thickness gradient against speed or time decrease. It is possible to be in the thin film lubrication mode under such conditions. The high speed flow drives the lubricant molecules to rearrange in TFL and critical film thickness higher than 100 nm is achieved. The viscosity is one of the main factors controlling the decreasing rate and the critical film thickness. This paper is designed to investigate the thin film lubrication behavior at high speeds. | He LIANG Dan GUO Jianbin LUO | 2018 | Friction2018,6,2: | 8 |
| 18 | Electrical bearing failures in electric vehicles显示文摘In modern electric equipment,especially electric vehicles,inverter control systems can lead to complex shaft voltages and bearing currents.Within an electric motor,many parts have electrical failure problems,and among which bearings are the most sensitive and vulnerable components.In recent years,electrical failures in bearing have been frequently reported in electric vehicles,and the electrical failure of bearings has become a key issue that restricts the lifetime of all‐electric motor‐based power systems in a broader sense.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the bearing premature failure in the mechanical systems exposed in an electrical environment represented by electric vehicles.The electrical environments in which bearing works including the different components and the origins of the shaft voltages and bearing currents,as well as the typical modes of electrical bearing failure including various topographical damages and lubrication failures,have been discussed.The fundamental influence mechanisms of voltage/current on the friction/lubrication properties have been summarized and analyzed,and corresponding countermeasures have been proposed.Finally,a brief introduction to the key technical flaws in the current researches will be made and the future outlook of frontier directions will be discussed. | Feng HE Guoxin XIE Jianbin LUO | 2020 | Friction2020,8,1: | 8 |
| 19 | Analysis on contact and flow features in CMP process显示文摘Contact pressure and flow features of chemical mechanical polishing/planarization (CMP) process were analyzed,taking advantage of the one-dimensional contact model of two layers and considering slurry flows. In this model,deformations of the bulk pad substrate and the asperities were considered. The deformations of the bulk pad sub- strate and the asperity layer,as well as the contact pressure and fluid pressure,were revealed with nu- merical methods. Numerical simulation results show a counterintuitive phenomenon: a diverging clear- ance is formed in the leading region of the wafer and thereby it gives rise to a suction pressure (subambi- ent pressure). A high stress concentration is pre- sented at the wafer edge and thereby over polishing can be introduced. The research provides some theoretical explanations for these two fundamental features of usual CMP processes. | ZHANG Chaohui LUO Jianbin LIU Jinquan DU Yongping | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006,51,18: | 5 |
| 20 | Design and fabrication of a SiN-Si dua卜layer optical phased array chip显示文摘A SiN-Si dual-layer optical phased array(OPA)chip is designed and fabricated.It combines the low loss of SiN with the excellent modulation performance of Si,which improves the performance of Si single-layer OPA.A novel optical antenna and an improved phase modulation method are also proposed,and a two dimensional scanning range of 96°×14°is achieved,which makes the OPA chip more practical. | PENGFEI WANG GUANGZHEN LUO YANG XU YAJIE LI YANMEI SU JIANBIN MA RUITING WANG ZHENGXIA YANG XULIANG ZHOU YEJIN ZHANG JIAOQING PAN | 2020 | Photonics Research2020,8,6: | 5 |