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| 1 | Mechanism of Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption inhibition on biochar by its aging process显示文摘Biochar exposed in the environment may experience a series of surface changes, which is called biochar aging. In order to study the effects of biochar aging on Cu(II) adsorption, we analyzed the surface properties before and after biochar aging with scanning electron microscopy(SEM) coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDX) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS), and then explored the influence of the aging process on Cu(II) adsorption by batch experiments. After the aging process, the oxygen concentration, phenolic hydroxyl groups, aromatic ethers and other oxygen-containing functional groups on the biochar surface increased, while carboxyl groups slightly decreased. Thus, over a range of pH, the cation exchange capacity(CEC) and adsorption capacity of Cu(II) on the aged biochar were smaller than those of new biochar,indicating that when biochar is incubated at constant temperature and water holding capacity in the dark, the aging process may inhibit Cu(II) adsorption. Meanwhile, the dissociation characteristics of oxygen-containing functional groups changed through the aging process, which may be the mechanism by which the biochar aging process inhibits the Cu(II) adsorption. Carboxyl groups became more easily dissociated at low pH(3.3–5.0),and the variation of maximum adsorption capability(qm) of Cu(II) on the old biochar was enlarged. Phenolic hydroxyl groups increased after the aging, making them and carboxyl groups more difficult to dissociate at high pH(5.0–6.8), and the variation of qmof Cu(II) on the aged biochar was reduced. | Yue Guo Wei Tang Jinggui Wu Zhaoqin Huang Jingyu Dai | 2014 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2014，26，10： | 21 |
| 2 | Decomposition characteristics of organic materials and their effects on labile and recalcitrant organic carbon fractions in a semi-arid soil under plastic mulch and drip irrigation显示文摘Labile organic carbon(LC) and recalcitrant organic carbon(RC) are two major fractions of soil organic carbon(SOC) and play a critical role in organic carbon turnover and sequestration. The aims of this study were to evaluate the variations of LC and RC in a semi-arid soil(Inner Mongolia, China) under plastic mulch and drip irrigation after the application of organic materials(OMs), and to explore the effects of OMs from various sources on LC and RC by probing the decomposition characteristics of OMs using in-situ nylon mesh bags burying method. The field experiment included seven treatments, i.e., chicken manure(CM), sheep manure(SM), mushroom residue(MR), maize straw(MS), fodder grass(FG), tree leaves(TL) and no OMs as a control(CK). Soil LC and RC were separated by Huygens D's method(particle size-density), and the average soil mass recovery rate and carbon recovery rate were above 95%, which indicated this method was suitable for carbon pools size analysis. The LC and RC contents significantly(P<0.01) increased after the application of OMs. Moreover, LC and RC contents were 3.2%–8.6% and 5.0%–9.4% higher in 2016 than in 2015. The applications of CM and SM significantly increased(P<0.01) LC content and LC/SOC ratio, whereas they were the lowest after the application of TL. However, SOC and RC contents were significantly higher(P<0.01) after the applications of TL and MS. The correlation analysis indicated the decomposition rate of OMs was positively related with LC content and LC/SOC ratio. In addition, lignin, polyphenol, WOM(total water-soluble organic matter), WHA(water-soluble humic acid), HSL(humic-like substance) and HAL(humic acid-like) contents in initial OMs played important roles in SOC and RC. In-situ nylon mesh bags burying experiment indicated the decomposition rates of CM, SM and MS were significantly higher than those of MR, FG, and TL. Furthermore, MS could result in more lignin derivatives, WHA, and HAL polymers in shorter time during the decomposition process. In conclusion, the application of MS in the semi-arid soil under a long-term plastic mulch and drip irrigation condition could not only improve soil fertility, but also enhance soil carbon sequestration. | hu juan wu jinggui qu xiaojing | 2018 | Journal of Arid Land2018，10，1： | 7 |
| 3 | Enzyme activities and gene expression of starch metabolism provide insights into grape berry development显示文摘Grapes are categorized as a non-climacteric type of fruit which its ripening is not associated to important rises in respiration and ethylene synthesis.The starch metabolism shares a certain role in the carbohydrate metabolic pathways during grape berry development,and is regarded as an important transient pool in the pathway of sugar accumulation.However,the comprehensive role of starch and its contribution to the quality and flavor of grape berry have not been explored thoroughly.In this study,the expression levels of genes enzyme activities and carbohydrate concentrations related to starch metabolism,were analyzed to understand the molecular mechanism of starch accumulation during grape berry development.The results indicated that starch granules in grape berry were located at the chloroplast in the sub-epidermal tissues,acting as the temporary reserves of photosynthetic products to meet the needs for berry development,and relatively high starch contents could be detected at véraison stage.Moreover,both ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(EC 2.7.7.27)and sucrose phosphate synthase(EC 2.3.1.14)involved in starch synthesis displayed elevated gene expression and enzymes activities in the sub-epidermal tissue,whileα-andβ-amylases involved in its degradation were highly transcribed and active in the central flesh,explaining the absence of starch in this last tissue.Change in the gene expression and activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase,β-amylase and sucrose phosphate synthase revealed that they were regulated by the circadian rhythms in the fruitlets compared with those in the leaves.Both the morphological,enzymological and transcriptional data in this study provide advanced understandings on the function of starch during berry development and ripening that are so important for berry quality.This study will further facilitate our understanding of the sugar metabolism in grape berry as well as in other plant species. | Xudong Zhu Chaobo Zhang Weimin Wu Xiaopeng Li Chuan Zhang Jinggui Fang | 2017 | Horticulture Research2017，4，1： | 4 |
| 4 | Changes in soil fungal community on SOC and POM accumulation under different straw return modes in dryland farming显示文摘We conducted a 2.5-year field experiment to test the effects of straw incorporated evenly into the soil(EIS)on soil fungal community,SOC chemical composition,and particulate organic matter fractions via comparing with no straw returning(CK),straw mulching(SM),straw plowed into the soil(SP),and identified the linkages between soil fungal community as well as organic C accumulation and POM formation.Our results showed that EIS treatment significantly increased the concentrations of SOC and the proportion of carbohydrate C,di-O-alkyl C,and O-alkyl C in SOC structure,increased the mass proportion and OC contents of MA(c)POM and mM-POM in the upper 40 cm of soil.Meanwhile,EIS treatment increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota,Zygomycota,Chytridiomycota,and Dothideomycetes in 0-20 cm depths,and also had the highest relative abundance of Glomeromycetes and Dothideomycetes in the 20-40 cm soil.Also,our study suggests that straw return enhanced the relative abundances of fungi involved in the carbon cycle and sequestration,including Zygomycota,Chytridiomycota,and Glomeromycota,and Ascomycota.The shifts in fungal community structure can accelerate organic C accumulation and the formation of soil particulate organic matter,especially in EIS treatment. | Wei Fan Jinggui Wu | 2021 | Ecosystem Health and Sustainability2021，7，1： | 0 |
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