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| 1 | Current and future treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) represents a unique challenge for physicians and patients.There is no definitively curative treatment.Rather,many treatment and management modalities exist with differing advantages and disadvantages.Both current guidelines and individual patient concerns must be taken into account in order to properly manage HCC.In addition,quality of life issues are particularly complex in patients with HCC and these concerns must also be factored into treatment strategies.Thus,considering all the options and their various pros and cons can quickly become complex for both clinicians and patients.In this review,we systematically discuss the current treatment modalities available for HCC,detailing relevant clinical data,risks and rewards and overall outcomes for each approach.Surgical options discussed include resection,transplantation and ablation.We also discuss the radiation modalities:conformal radiotherapy,yttrium 90 microspheres and proton and heavy ion radiotherapy.The biologic agent Sorafenib is discussed as a promising new approach,and recent clinical trials are reviewed.We then detail currently described molecular pathways implicated in the initiation and progression of HCC,and we explore the potential of each pathway as an avenue for drug exploitation.We hope this comprehensive and forward-looking review enables both clinicians and patients to understand various options and thereby make more informed decisions regarding this disease. | Alexander Schlachterman Willie W Craft Jr Eric Hilgenfeldt Avir Mitra Roniel Cabrera | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，28： | 76 |
| 2 | TIMI Frame Count: A Quantitative Method of Assessing Coronary Artery Flow显示文摘 | C. Michael Gibson Christopher P. Cannon William L. Daley Jr Dodge Barbara Alexander Susan J. Marble Carolyn H. McCabe Lori Raymond Terry Fortin W. Kenneth Poole Eugene Braunwald | 1996 | Circulation1996，，5： | 6 |
| 3 | Direct laser writing of volumetric gradient index lenses and waveguides显示文摘Direct laser writing(DLW)has been shown to render 3D polymeric optical components,including lenses,beam expanders,and mirrors,with submicrometer precision.However,these printed structures are limited to the refractive index and dispersive properties of the photopolymer.Here,we present the subsurface controllable refractive index via beam exposure(SCRIBE)method,a lithographic approach that enables the tuning of the refractive index over a range of greater than 0.3 by performing DLW inside photoresist-filled nanoporous silicon and silica scaffolds.Adjusting the laser exposure during printing enables 3D submicron control of the polymer infilling and thus the refractive index and chromatic dispersion.Combining SCRIBE’s unprecedented index range and 3D writing accuracy has realized the world’s smallest(15μm diameter)spherical Luneburg lens operating at visible wavelengths.SCRIBE’s ability to tune the chromatic dispersion alongside the refractive index was leveraged to render achromatic doublets in a single printing step,eliminating the need for multiple photoresins and writing sequences.SCRIBE also has the potential to form multicomponent optics by cascading optical elements within a scaffold.As a demonstration,stacked focusing structures that generate photonic nanojets were fabricated inside porous silicon.Finally,an all-pass ring resonator was coupled to a subsurface 3D waveguide.The measured quality factor of 4600 at 1550 nm suggests the possibility of compact photonic systems with optical interconnects that traverse multiple planes.SCRIBE is uniquely suited for constructing such photonic integrated circuits due to its ability to integrate multiple optical components,including lenses and waveguides,without additional printed supports. | Christian R.Ocier Corey A.Richards Daniel A.Bacon-Brown Qing Ding Raman Kumar Tanner J.Garcia Jorik van de Groep Jung-Hwan Song Austin J.Cyphersmith Andrew Rhode Andrea N.Perry Alexander J.Littlefield Jinlong Zhu Dajie Xie Haibo Gao Jonah F.Messinger Mark L.Brongersma Kimani C.Toussaint Jr Lynford L.Goddard Paul V.Braun | 2020 | Light(Science & Applications)2020，9，1： | 6 |
| 4 | Spectral reflectance response to nitrogen fertilization in field grown corn显示文摘This study was carried out to analyze the spectral reflectance response of different nitrogen levels for corn crops.Four different nitrogen treatments of 0%,80%,100%and 120%BMP(best management practice)were studied.Principal component analysis-loading(PCA-loading)was used to identify the effective wavelengths.Partial least squares(PLS)and multiple linear regression(MLR)models were built to predict different nitrogen values.Vegetation indices(VIs)were calculated and then used to build more prediction models.Both full and selected wavelengths-based models showed similar prediction trends.The overall PLS model obtained the coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.6535 with a root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.2681 in the prediction set.The selected wavelengths for overall MLR model obtained the R^(2) of 0.6735 and RMSE of 0.3457 in the prediction set.The results showed that the wavelengths in visible and near infrared region(350-1000 nm)performed better than the two either spectral regions(1001-1350/1425-1800 nm and 2000-2400 nm).For each data set,the wavelengths around 555 nm and 730 nm were identified to be the most important to predict nitrogen rates.The vogelmann red edge index 2(VOG 2)performed the best among all VIs.It demonstrated that spectral reflectance has the potential to be used for analyzing nitrogen response in corn. | Chuanqi Xie Ce Yang Alexander Hummel Jr Gregg A Johnson Forrest T Izuno | 2018 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2018，11，4： | 2 |
| 5 | Unna' s boot us polyurethane foam dressings for the treatment of venous ulceration 显示文摘 | Rubin JR Alexander J Plecha E J | 1990 | Arch Surg1990，125，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Molecular epi-demiology and evolution of enterovirus 71 strains isolated from 1970 to 1998显示文摘 | Brown B A Oberste M S Alexander J P Jr | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Enterovirus 71 Strains Isolated from 1970 to 1998 显示文摘 | Brown BA Oberste MS Alexander JP Jr | 1999 | Journal of Virology1999，73，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Quantification of 1,3 - beta - D - glucan levels in children: preliinary data for diagnostic use of the beta -glucan assay in a pediatric setting显示文摘 | Smith PB Benjamin DK Jr Alexander BD | 2007 | Clin Vaccine Immuno12007，14，： | 1 |
| 9 | A rifampin-hypersensitive mutant reveals differences between strains of Mycobacterium smeg matis and presence of a novel transposon, IS1623 显示文摘 | Alexander DC Jones JR Liu J | 2003 | Antimi crob Agents Chemother2003，47，10： | 1 |
| 10 | Identification and characterisztion of the high affinity vascular angiotensin Ⅱ receptor in rat mesenteric artery显示文摘 | Gimbrone MA Jr Alexander RW | 1980 | Circ Res1980，47，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Karst Unit Mapping Using Geographic Information System Technology显示文摘 | Jeffrey A Green William J Marken E Calvin Alexander Jr | 2002 | USA Environmental Geology2002，42，： | 1 |
| 12 | Augmentation of endothelial cell monolayer permeability by hyperthemia but not tumor necrosis factor: evidence for disruption of vascular integrity via VE - cadherin downregulation 显示文摘 | Friedl J Turner E Alexander HR Jr | 2003 | Int J Oncol2003，23，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Antifungal resistance trends towards the year 2000 显示文摘 | Alexander BD Perfect JR | 1997 | Drugs1997，54，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Improvements in 230Th dating, 230Th and 254U half-life values, and U Th isotopic measurements by multi--collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy 显示文摘 | Cheng H Edwards R L Shen C C Po Asrnerom Y Woodhed J Hellstrom J Wang Y Kon6 X Spotl C Wang X Alexander Jr E C | 2013 | Earth and Planetary Science Letters2013，3713，72： | 1 |
| 15 | Growth factor and cytokine modulation of trabecular meshwork matrix metalloproteinase and TIMP expression 显示文摘 | Alexander JP Samples JR Acott TS | 1998 | Curr Eye Res1998，17，： | 1 |
| 16 | Molecular epidemiology and evolution of enterovirus 71 strains isolated from 1970 to 1998显示文摘 | J Brown BA Oberste MS Alexander JP Jr | 1999 | J Virol1999，73，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Ligament and tendon repair with an absorbable polymer-coated carbon fiber stem显示文摘 | Alexander H Weiss AB Parson JR | 1986 | Bull Hosp J Dis Orthop lnst1986，46，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Patient perceptions of orthognathic surgery显示文摘 | Flanary CM Barnwell GM Jr Alexander JM | 1985 | Am J Orthod1985，88，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Dicer inactivation leads to progressive functional and structural degeneration of the mouse retina显示文摘 | Damian D Alexander J J O'Rourke JR | 2008 | J Neurosci2008，28，19： | 1 |
| 20 | The past decade of experience with isolated hepatic perfusion显示文摘 | Grover A Alexander HR Jr | 2004 | Oneologist2004，9，6： | 1 |
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