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| 1 | How does the Indian Ocean subtropical dipole trigger the tropical Indian Ocean dipole via the Mascarene high?显示文摘The variation in the Indian Ocean is investigated using Hadley center sea surface temperature(SST)data during the period 1958–2010.All the first empirical orthogonal function(EOF)modes of the SST anomalies(SSTA)in different domains represent the basin-wide warming and are closely related to the Pacific El Ni o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)phenomenon.Further examination suggests that the impact of ENSO on the tropical Indian Ocean is stronger than that on the southern Indian Ocean.The second EOF modes in different domains show different features.It shows a clear east-west SSTA dipole pattern in the tropical Indian Ocean(Indian Ocean dipole,IOD),and a southwest-northeast SSTA dipole in the southern Indian Ocean(Indian Ocean subtropical dipole,IOSD).It is further revealed that the IOSD is also the main structure of the second EOF mode on the whole basin-scale,in which the IOD pattern does not appear.A correlation analysis indicates that an IOSD event observed during the austral summer is highly correlated to the IOD event peaking about 9 months later.One of the possible physical mechanisms underlying this highly significant statistical relationship is proposed.The IOSD and the IOD can occur in sequence with the help of the Mascarene high.The SSTA in the southwestern Indian Ocean persists for several seasons after the mature phase of the IOSD event,likely due to the positive wind–evaporation–SST feedback mechanism.The Mascarene high will be weakened or intensified by this SSTA,which can affect the atmosphere in the tropical region by teleconnection.The pressure gradient between the Mascarene high and the monsoon trough in the tropical Indian Ocean increases(decreases).Hence,an anticyclone(cyclone)circulation appears over the Arabian Sea-India continent.The easterly or westerly anomalies appear in the equatorial Indian Ocean,inducing the onset stage of the IOD.This study shows that the SSTA associated with the IOSD can lead to the onset of IOD with the aid of atmosphere circulation and also explains why some IOD events in the tropical tend to be followed by IOSD in the southern Indian Ocean. | FENG Junqiao HU Dunxin YU Lejiang | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，1： | 3 |
| 2 | Review on observational studies of western tropical Pacific Ocean circulation and climate显示文摘The Western Tropical Pacific(WTP) Ocean holds the largest area of warm water(>28℃) in the world ocean referred to as the Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP),which modulates the regional and global climate through strong atmospheric convection and its variability.The WTP is unique in terms of its complex 3-D ocean circulation system and intensive multiscale variability,making it crucial in the water and energy cycle of the global ocean.Great advances have been made in understanding the complexity of the WTP ocean circulation and associated climate impact by the international scientific community since the 1960 s through field experiments.In this study,we review the evolving insight to the 3-D structure and multi-scale variability of the ocean circulation in the WTP and their climatic impacts based on in-situ ocean observations in the past decades,with emphasis on the achievements since 2000.The challenges and open que stions remaining are reviewed as well as future plan for international study of the WTP ocean circulation and climate. | HU Dunxin WANG Fan SPRINTALL Janet WU Lixin RISER Stephen CRAVATTE Sophie GORDON Arnold ZHANG Linlin CHEN Dake ZHOU Hui ANDO Kentaro WANG Jianing LEE Jae-Hak HU Shijian WANG Jing ZHANG Dongxiao FENG Junqiao LIU Lingling VILLANOY Cesar KALUWIN Chalapan QU Tangdong MA Yixin | 2020 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2020，38，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Dynamic features of near-inertial oscillations in the Northwestern Pacific derived from mooring observations from^2015 to 2018显示文摘Near-inertial oscillation is an important physical process transferring surface wind energy into deep ocean.We investigated the near-inertial kinetic energy(NIKE)variability using acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements from a mooring array deployed in the tropical western Pacific Ocean along 130°E at 8.5°N,11°N,12.6°N,15°N,and 17.5°N from September 2015 to January 2018.Spatial features,decay timescales,and significant seasonal variability of the observed NIKE were described.At the mooring sites of 17.5°N,15°N,and 12.6°N,the NIKE peaks occurred in boreal autumn and the NIKE troughs were observed in boreal spring.By contrast,the NIKE at 11°N and 8.5°N showed peaks in winter and troughs in summer.Tropical cyclones and strong wind events played an important role in the emergence of high-NIKE events and explained the seasonality and latitudinal characteristics of the observed NIKE. | HU Shijian LIU Lingling GUAN Cong ZHANG Linlin WANG Jianing WANG Qingye MA Jie WANG Fujun JIA Fan FENG Junqiao LU Xi WANG Fan HU Dunxin | 2020 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2020，38，4： | 2 |
| 4 | Intraseasonal variability of the equatorial Pacific Ocean and its relationship with ENSO based on Self-Organizing Maps analysis显示文摘We investigated the intraseasonal variability of equatorial Pacific subsurface temperature and its relationship with El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) using Self-Organizing Maps(SOM) analysis.Variation in intraseasonal subsurface temperature is mainly found along the thermocline.The SOM patterns concentrate in basin-wide seesaw or sandwich structures along an east-west axis.Both the seesaw and sandwich SOM patterns oscillate with periods of 55 to 90 days,with the sequence of them showing features of equatorial intraseasonal Kelvin wave,and have marked interannual variations in their occurrence frequencies.Further examination shows that the interannual variability of the SOM patterns is closely related to ENSO;and maxima in composite interannual variability of the SOM patterns are located in the central Pacific during CP El Nino and in the eastern Pacific during EP El Nino.The se results imply that some of the ENSO forcing is manife sted through changes in the occurrence frequency of intraseasonal patterns,in which the change of the intraseasonal Kelvin wave plays an important role. | FENG Junqiao WANG Fujun WANG Qingye HU Dunxin | 2020 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2020，38，4： | 0 |
| 5 | Variability of the Pacific subtropical cells under global warming in CMIP6 models显示文摘The Pacific subtropical cells(STCs)are shallow meridional overturning circulations connecting the tropics and subtropics,and are assumed to be an important driver of the tropical Pacific decadal variability.The variability of STCs under global warming is investigated using multimodal outputs from the latest phase of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project(CMIP6)and ocean reanalysis products.Firstly,the volume transport diagnostic analysis is employed to evaluate how coupled models and ocean reanalysis products reproduce interior STC transport.The variation of heat transport by the interior STC under the high-emissions warming scenarios is also analyzed.The results show that the multimodal-mean linear trends of the interior STC transport along 9°S and 9°N are-0.02 Sv/a and 0.04 Sv/a under global warming,respectively,which is mainly due to the combined effect of the strengthened upper oceanic stratification and the weakening of wind field.There is a compensation relationship between the interior STC and the western boundary transport in the future climate,and the compensation relationship of 9°S is more significant than that of 9°N.In addition,compared with ocean reanalysis products,the coupled models tend to underestimate the variability of the interior STC transport convergence,and thus may lose some sea surface temperature(SST)driving force,which may be the reason for the low STC-SST correlation simulated by the model.The future scenario simulation shows that the heat transport of interior STC is weakened under global warming,with a general agreement across models. | Xue HAN Junqiao FENG Yunlong LU Dunxin HU | 2024 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2024，42，1： | 0 |
| 6 | Instability in boundary layer between the North Equatorial Current and underlying zonal jets based on mooring observations显示文摘Instability/stability in the North Equatorial Current(NEC)basin is studied based on data obtained from nine moorings deployed at 8.5°N,10.5°N,11.0°N,12.5°N,13.0°N,15.0°N,15.5°N,17.5°N,and 18.0°N along 130.0°E during cruises in 2015–2017.In low latitudes,the Coriolis parameter and stratifi cation ratio play important roles in NEC stability,whereas velocity shear and the layer depth ratio are important for NEC stability in high latitudes.Beneath the westward NEC,eastward zonal jets occur intermittently centered around 8.5°N,12.5°N,and 17.5°N along 130.0°E.Similar to the NEC,the main body of these zonal jets also deepens with latitude.In the boundary layer comprising the bottom NEC and upper zonal jets,the growth rate of the NEC is attributed not only to velocity shear but also to zonal jet velocity based on the longwave assumption.Based on the shortwave assumption,the growth rate is proportional to zonal jet velocity but has no relationship with velocity shear.Climatologically,the growth rate in the boundary layer is not zero at 8.5°N,12.5°N,and 13.0°N,where the velocity shear and zonal jets are larger than at other stations.The instability also occurs at the time node when the zonal jets are strong enough,although the mean zonal jets may disappear at this station. | WANG Fujun FENG Junqiao WANG Qingye ZHANG Linlin HU Shijian HU Dunxin | 2020 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2020，38，5： | 0 |
| 7 | The North Equatorial Current/Undercurrent volume transport and its 40-day variability from a mooring array along 130°E显示文摘Traditionally,the estimated volume transport of the North Equatorial Current/Undercurrent(NEC/NEUC)is based on geostrophic equations and/or model results;however,direct observational evidence has not been acquired.We focused on one-year mooring observation data collected along 130°E and calculated the NEC/NEUC volume transport and explore its variability.Results show that the mean NEC and NEUC volume transports calculated from the mean velocity structures in the upper 950 m are 39 Sv and 6 Sv,respectively.Analysis of daily mooring data indicated that the volume transport of the NEC is approximately 52(±14)Sv and the volume transport of the NEUC is approximately 18(±13)Sv.A significant 40-day variation existed for the volume transport of both the NEC and NEUC.Overall,the intraseasonal variability of the NEC is vertically coherent with that of the NEUC.Observations indicated that the NEUC has three cores centered at approximately 8.5°N(~500 m),12.5°N(~700 m),and 17.5°N(~900 m),of which the middle core(12.5°N)is the strongest.The 40-day variability of the NEC and NEUC is related to the variability of local wind stress curl anomalies among various Madden-Julian Oscillation phases.When local wind field generates a negative(positive)wind stress curl anomaly,a weaker NEC(NEUC)and stronger NEUC(NEC)would occur. | Xin YUAN Qingye WANG Junqiao FENG Dunxin HU | 2021 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2021，39，6： | 0 |
| 8 | CMIP 6 models simulation of the connection between North/South Pacific Meridional Mode and ENSO显示文摘The subtropical North and South Pacific Meridional Modes(NPMM and SPMM)are well known precursors of El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).However,relationship between them is not constant.In the early 1980,the relationship experienced an interdecadal transition.Changes in this connection can be attributed mainly to the phase change of the Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO).During the positive phase of PDO,a shallower thermocline in the central Pacific is responsible for the stronger trade wind charging(TWC)mechanism,which leads to a stronger equatorial subsurface temperature evolution.This dynamic process strengthens the connection between NPMM and ENSO.Associated with the negative phase of PDO,a shallower thermocline over southeastern Pacific allows an enhanced wind-evaporation-SST(WES)feedback,strengthening the connection between SPMM and ENSO.Using 35 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)models,we examined the NPMM/SPMM performance and its connection with ENSO in the historical runs.The great majority of CMIP6 models can reproduce the pattern of NPMM and SPMM well,but they reveal discrepant ENSO and NPMM/SPMM relationship.The intermodal uncertainty for the connection of NPMM-ENSO is due to different TWC mechanism.A stronger TWC mechanism will enhance NPMM forcing.For SPMM,few models can simulate a good relationship with ENSO.The intermodel spread in the relationship of SPMM and ENSO owing to SST bias in the southeastern Pacific,as WES feedback is stronger when the southeastern Pacific is warmer. | Yunlong LU Junqiao FENG Dunxin HU | 2024 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2024，42，2： | 0 |
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