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| 1 | CIMMYT培育的墨西哥春小麦在抗叶锈方面的进展显示文摘由 Puccinia recond ita Rob erge ex Desm az 引起 的小麦叶锈 病,是全世 界的一种 主要小 麦病害。为了评价栽培品种 在减少产量损失、增加遗传抗性方面的进展,对 1966~1988 年间在墨西 哥西北部推广的 C I M M Y T(国际 玉米小麦改良中心)普通小麦品种进行了重复试验。4 个年度 采用正常播期,2个年度 采用晚播,通过邻 近种植接种行作为 传染源。叶锈造成的 平均产量损失为 6.6% ~62.7% ,与 最终病情严重度密切相关(r= 0.898, P< 0.01),并与病害扩展 曲线下的相对面积 显著相关(r= 0.917, P<0.01)。产量 损失主要由于粒重 下降、每平方米粒 数和籽粒灌 浆速度降 低而引起。慢 锈品种 Cocoraque75、 Nacozari 76、 Opata 85 和 Bacanora 88 的产量损失 为 7. 7% ~10.4% ,与免 疫品种 Oasis 86 的 6. 6%和抗性品种 Ciano 79 的 10.2% 相似。6 个试验中,通过良种途径而提高的产量潜 力,防 治区每年平均为0.48% (r2 = 0.38, P< 0.01),未防治区为 2.21% (r2 = 0.47, P? | K.D.Sayre 罗家传 | 1999 | 麦类作物1999，19，2： | 2 |
| 2 | Effects of Water Management,Arsenic and Phosphorus Levels on Rice Yield in High-Arsenic Soil-Water System显示文摘Aerobic rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivation is considered an alternative production system to combat increased water scarcity and arsenic(As) contamination in the food chain. Pot experiments were conducted at the Wheat Research Centre, Dinajpur, Bangladesh to examine the role of water management(WM), As and phosphorus(P) on yield and yield attributes of boro(variety BRRI dhan 29) and aman(variety BRRI dhan 32) rice. A total of 18 treatment combinations of the three levels of As(0, 20 and 40 mg/kg) and P(0, 12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg) and two WM strategies(aerobic and anaerobic) were investigated. Yield attributes were significantly affected by increasing As levels. Grain yields of BRRI dhan 29 and BRRI dhan 32 were reduced from 63.0 to 7.7 and 35.0 to 16.5 g/pot with increasing As application, respectively, indicating a greater sensitivity of BRRI dhan 29 than BRRI dhan 32. Moreover, As toxicity was reduced with aerobic compared to anaerobic WM for all P levels. During early growth stages, phytotoxic symptoms appeared on BRRI dhan 29 and BRRI dhan 32 rice stems with increasing As levels without applying P under anaerobic WM. Under anaerobic and As-contaminated conditions, BRRI dhan 29 was highly susceptible to straighthead, which dramatically reduced grain yields. There were significant relationships between the number of effective tillers per pot and root dry weight, grain yield, and number of fertile and unfertile grains per pot for both BRRI dhan 29 and BRRI dhan 32(P < 0.001). Our findings indicate that rice could be grown aerobically in As-contaminated areas with a reduced risk of As toxicity and yield loss. | A.S.M.H.M.TALUKDER C.A.MEISNER M.A.R.SARKAR M.S.ISLAM K.D.SAYRE | 2014 | Rice science2014，21，2： | 0 |
| 3 | 现代小麦品种的产量潜力与低竞争性株型的关系显示文摘1 引言关于多种作物是否已达到其产量潜力,或产量是否随着对产量限制机理的深入了解而提高这一阐题,依然受到有关研究者的关注(Evans,1993)。要了解田间作物的生长,就必须参考其与所处微观、宏观环境的互作。微观环境是通过个体株间互作形成的,包括主要资源可用性的变化,例如,株冠结构影响光照的空间分布(Hawkins,1982),同样, | M.P.Reynolds E.Dcereds K.D.Sayre R.A.Fischer 高家明 孙建伟 李世林 | 1995 | 麦类文摘1995，，4： | 0 |
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