| 1 | Phylogenetic biogeography and taxonomy of disjunctly distributed bryophytes显示文摘More than 200 research papers on the molecular phylogeny and phylogenetic biogeography of bryophytes have been published since the beginning of this millenium.These papers corroborated assumptions of a complex genetic structure of morphologically circumscribed bryophytes,and raised reservations against many morphologically justified species concepts,especially within the mosses.However,many molecular studies allowed for corrections and modifications of morphological classification schemes.Several studies reported that the phylogenetic structure of disjunctly distributed bryophyte species reflects their geographical ranges rather than morphological disparities.Molecular data led to new appraisals of distribution ranges and allowed for the reconstruction of refugia and migration routes.Intercontinental ranges of bryophytes are often caused by dispersal rather than geographical vicariance.Many distribution patterns of disjunct bryophytes are likely formed by processes such as short distance dispersal,rare long distance dispersal events,extinction,recolonization and diversification. | Jochen HEINRICHS Jrn HENTSCHEL Kathrin FELDBERG Andrea BOMBOSCH Harald SCHNEIDER | 2009 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2009，47，5： | 1 |
| 2 | Miocene Ethiopian amber:A new source of fossil cryptogams显示文摘Amber is renowned for the exceptional preservation state of its inclusions,allowing detailed morphological analysis and providing relevant environmental,palaeoecological,geographical,and geological information.Amber deposits are predominantly known from North America,Europe,and Asia,and are considered to be rare on the continents that formed Gondwana.The recent discovery of fossiliferous amber deposits in Ethiopia,therefore,provides an inimitable opportunity to close gaps in the fossil record of African terrestrial biota and to study organisms which are otherwise rare in the fossil record.Here we show that diverse cryptogams are preserved in highest fidelity in Miocene Ethiopian amber.We describe gametophyte fragments of four liverworts:Thysananthus aethiopicus sp.nov.(Porellales,Lejeuneaceae),Lejeunea abyssinicoides sp.nov.(Porellales,Lejeuneaceae),Frullania shewanensis sp.nov.(Porellales,Frullaniaceae),and Frullania palaeoafricana sp.nov.(Porellales,Frullaniaceae).Furthermore,we describe a pleurocarpous moss of the extant genus Isopterygium(Hypnales,Pylaisiadelphaceae)and a lichen representing the order Lecanorales.These new specimens represent the first amber fossils of liverworts,mosses,and lichens from the African continent and render Ethiopian amber as one of the few worldwide amber deposits preserving bryophytes(mosses and liverworts)or lichens.Fossil species of Thysananthus were recorded in Eocene Baltic and Oligocene Bitterfeld as well as Miocene Dominican and probably also Miocene Mexican ambers.Fossils that can unequivocally be assigned to Lejeunea have only been found in Dominican amber so far.Neotropical ambers contain only one taxon of Frullania to date,while the genus is most diverse in Baltic,Bitterfeld,and Rovno ambers,formed in temperate regions.The new fossils support a tropical to subtropical origin of Ethiopian amber.The new African liverwort fossils are included in an updated list of leafy liverworts described from worldwide Cenozoic ambers to date. | Valentine Bouju Kathrin Feldberg Ulla Kaasalainen Alfons Schäfer-Verwimp Lars Hedenäs William R.Buck Bo Wang Vincent Perrichot Alexander R.Schmidt | 2022 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2022，60，4： | 0 |
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