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| 1 | Visceral hypersensitivity in inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome: The role of proteases显示文摘Proteases, enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, are present at high concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract. Besides their well-known role in the digestive process, they also function as signaling molecules through the activation of protease-activated receptors(PARs). Based on their chemical mechanism for catalysis, proteases can be classified into several classes: serine, cysteine, aspartic, metallo- and threonine proteases represent the mammalian protease families. In particular, the class of serine proteases will play a significant role in this review. In the last decades, proteases have been suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity, which is a major factor contributing to abdominal pain in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and/or irritable bowel syndrome. So far, only a few preclinical animal studies have investigated the effect of protease inhibitors specifically on visceral sensitivity while their effect on inflammation is described in more detail. In our accompanying review we describe their effect on gastrointestinal permeability. On account of their promising results in the field of visceral hypersensitivity, further research is warranted. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the concept of visceral hypersensitivity as well as on the physiological and pathophysiological functions of proteases herein. | Hannah Ceuleers Hanne Van Spaendonk Nikita Hanning Jelena Heirbaut Anne-Marie Lambeir Jurgen Joossens Koen Augustyns Joris G De Man Ingrid De Meester Benedicte Y De Winter | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，47： | 7 |
| 2 | Regulation of intestinal permeability: The role of proteases显示文摘The gastrointestinal barrier is-with approximately 400 m^2-the human body's largest surface separating the external environment from the internal milieu. This barrier serves a dual function: permitting the absorption of nutrients, water and electrolytes on the one hand, while limiting host contact with noxious luminal antigens on the other hand. To maintain this selective barrier, junction protein complexes seal the intercellular space between adjacent epithelial cells and regulate the paracellular transport. Increased intestinal permeability is associated with and suggested as a player in the pathophysiology of various gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease and type 1 diabetes. The gastrointestinal tract is exposed to high levels of endogenous and exogenous proteases, both in the lumen and in the mucosa. There is increasing evidence to suggest that a dysregulation of the protease/antiprotease balance in the gut contributes to epithelial damage and increased permeability. Excessive proteolysis leads to direct cleavage of intercellular junction proteins, or to opening of the junction proteins via activation of protease activated receptors. In addition, proteases regulate the activity and availability of cytokines and growth factors, which are also known modulators of intestinal permeability. This review aims at outlining the mechanisms by which proteases alter the intestinal permeability. More knowledge on the role of proteases in mucosal homeostasis and gastrointestinal barrier function will definitely contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets for permeability-related diseases. | Hanne Van Spaendonk Hannah Ceuleers Leonie Witters Eveline Patteet Jurgen Joossens Koen Augustyns Anne-Marie Lambeir Ingrid De Meester Joris G De Man Benedicte Y De Winter | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，12： | 6 |
| 3 | Chemistry of dissolved in organic carbon in estuarine and coastal brackish waters显示文摘 | Mook W G Koene B K S | 1975 | Estuarine Coastal Marine Science1975，3，： | 1 |
| 4 | Dis- tribution of acidic and neutral drugs in surface waters near sewage treatment plants in the lower Great Lakes, Canada 显示文摘 | Metcalfe C D Miao Xiu Sheng Koening B G | 2003 | Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry2003，22，12： | 1 |
| 5 | Differences in heart rate variability between depressed and non-depressed elderly显示文摘 | Koen G van der Kooy | 2006 | Int J Geriatr Psychiatry2006，21，： | 1 |
| 6 | A sampling algorithm for digitally controlled boost PFC converters显示文摘 | Van de SYPE D M de KOEN G Van den BOSSCHE A P | 2004 | IEEE Trans Power Electr2004，19，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Differences in heart rate variability between depressed and non-depressed elderly显示文摘 | Koen G van der Kooy Hein PJ | 2006 | Int J Geriatr Psychiatry2006，21，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Providing clarity and a common language to the fuzzy front end'显示文摘 | Koen P Ajamian G Burkart R | 2001 | Re- search-Technology Management2001，44，2： | 1 |
| 9 | An improved conjuga- tion method for controlled covalent coupling of syn- thetic peptides to proteins using glutaraldehyde in a dialysis method显示文摘 | Netty Z Koen G Carla D | 1990 | Journal of Immunological Meth- ods1990，130，： | 1 |
| 10 | CFD analysis of air distribution in fluidised bed equipment显示文摘 | Depypere Fr6d6ric Pieters Jan G Dewettinck Koen | 2004 | Powder Technology2004，145，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Char gasification by carbon dioxide显示文摘 | Koening P C Squires R G Laurendeau N M | 1986 | Fuel1986，65，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Metabolism and toxicity of thioacetamide and thioacetamide S-oxide in rat hepatocytes 显示文摘 | Hajovsky H Hu G Koen Y | 2012 | Chem Res Toxicol2012，25，9： | 1 |
| 13 | Modeling of neutral-gas release into the Earth's ionosphere显示文摘 | Bruskin L G Koen M A Sidorov I M | 1988 | Pure and Applied Geophysics1988，127，2： | 1 |
| 14 | SNF1-related protein kinases type 2 are involved in plant responses to cadmium stresses显示文摘 | Kulik A Anielska-Mazur A Bucholc M Koen E Szymańska K mieńko A Krzywinska E Wawer I Mcloughlin F Ruszkowski D Figlerowicz M Testerink C Sklodowska A Wendehenne D Dobrowolska G | 2012 | Plant Physiology2012，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Modelingof neutral-gas release into the Earth' s Ionosphere 显示文摘 | BRUSKIN L G KOEN M A SIDOROV I M | 1988 | Pure and Applied Geophysics1988，127，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Coping Style and denpression level inflonce outcome in vitro fertilization显示文摘 | koen D I Bone M G Heldofm | 1998 | Fertil Steril1998，69，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Practical application of dynamic temperature profiles to estimate the parameters of the square root model显示文摘 | KOEN G KOEN DR | 2005 | International Journal of Food Microbiology2005，，101： | 1 |
| 18 | Providing clarity and a common language to the' fuzzy front end'显示文摘 | Koen P Ajamian G~ Burkart R | 2001 | Research-Technology Management2001，44，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Providing clarity and a common language to the 'fuzzy front end'显示文摘 | Koen P Ajamian G Burkart R | 2001 | Research Technology Management2001，44，2： | 1 |
| 20 | The arterial wall: a new pharmacological and therapeutic target显示文摘 | Laurent S Vanhoutte P Cavero I Chabrier PE Dupuis B Elghozi JL Hamon G Janiak P Juillet Y Kher A Koen R Madonna O Maffrand JP Pruneau D Thuillez C | 1996 | Fundam Clin Pharmacol1996，10，3： | 1 |
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