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| 1 | Radiation exposure and reduction in the operating room: Perspectives and future directions in spine surgery显示文摘Intraoperative imaging is vital for accurate placement of instrumentation in spine surgery. However, the use of biplanar fluoroscopy and other intraoperative imaging modalities is associated with the risk of significant radiation exposure in the patient, surgeon, and surgical staff. Radiation exposure in the form of ionizing radiation can lead to cellular damage via the induction of DNA lesions and the production of reactive oxygen species. These effects often result in cell death or genomic instability, leading to various radiation-associated pathologies including an increased risk of malignancy. In attempts to reduce radiation-associated health risks, radiation safety has become an important topic in the medical field. All practitioners, regardless of practice setting, can practice radiation safety techniques including shielding and distance to reduce radiation exposure. Additionally, optimization of fluoroscopic settings and techniques can be used as an effective method of radiation dose reduction. New imaging modalities and spinal navigation systems have also been developed in an effort to replace conventional fluoroscopy and reduce radiation doses. These modalities include Isocentric Three-Dimensional C-Arms, O-Arms, and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging. While this influx of new technology has advanced radiation safety within the field of spine surgery, more work is still required to overcome specific limitations involving increased costs and inadequate training. | Ankur S Narain Fady Y Hijji Kelly H Yom Krishna T Kudaravalli Brittany E Haws Kern Singh | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，7： | 9 |
| 2 | Extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to the paravertebral muscle:A case report显示文摘Identification of extrahepatic metastases(EHM) of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) has been paradoxically increasing due to an increase in the survival of HCC patients. However, metastasis of HCC to the skeletal muscle tissue is extremely rare. We describe a unique case of HCC metastasizing to the paravertebral muscle. A 55-year-old man with a history of hepatitis B cirrhosis underwent partial liver resection with complete removal of HCC. Three months later, a computed tomography(CT) scan showed intrahepatic recurrence. The tumors were treated with yttrium-90 microspheres, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, and sorafenib. Six months later, a CT scan showed an enhancing lesion of the left paravertebral muscle that on biopsy were consistent with metastatic HCC. The tumor was treated with stereotactic hypo-fractionated imageguided radiation therapy(SHFRT). A follow-up scan 3 mo post-radiotherapy revealed a stable appearance of the paravertebral muscle metastasis. Because of the progression in the intrahepatic tumors, the patient was treated with capecitabine, which was changed to dasatinib 6 mo later. The patient passed away three years after the primary surgical resection. Management of EHM poses an extreme challenge. This is the first case of HCC with EHM to the paravertebral muscle in which stability of disease was achieved using SHFRT. This case highlights the importance of early detection of hepatitis B viral infection and initiation of anti-viral therapy to decrease recurrence of HCC and prevent EHM. | Kazuhiro Takahashi Krishna G Putchakayala Mohamed Safwan Dean Y Kim | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，22： | 2 |
| 3 | Cement leakage in percutaneous vertebroplasty:effect of preinjection gelfoam embolization显示文摘 | Bhatia C Barzilay Y Krishna M | 2006 | Spine (Phila Pa 1976)2006，31，8： | 1 |
| 4 | Optimal scheduling of signature analysis for VLSI testing 显示文摘 | Lee Y H Krishna C M | 1991 | IEEE Transactions on Computers1991，40，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Customer value, satisfaction,loyalty and switching costs:an illustration from a business to business service context 显示文摘 | LAM S Y VENKATESH S KRISHNA M E | 2004 | Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science2004，32，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Optical and structural properties of nitrogen doped amorphous carbon films grown by rf plasma -enchanced CVD显示文摘 | HAYSAHI Y KRISHNA K M EBISU H | 2001 | Diamond and Related Materials2001，10，37： | 1 |
| 7 | Comparison of fracture models to assess the notched strength of composite/solid propellant tensile specimens 显示文摘 | SUBHANANDA RAO A KRISHNA Y NAGESWARA RAO B | 2004 | Materials Science and Engineering A2004，385，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Cement leakage in percutaneous vertebroplasty effect of preinjection gelfoam embolization显示文摘 | Bhatia C Barzilay Y Krishna M | 2006 | Spine2006，31，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Fracture toughness of nitramine and composite solid propellants 显示文摘 | Rao S Krishna Y | 2005 | Materials Science and Engineering A2005，403，： | 1 |
| 10 | Fracture toughness of nitramine and composite solid propellants显示文摘 | Rao S Krishna Y Rao B N | 2005 | Materi- als Science and Engineering2005，403，： | 1 |
| 11 | Customer value, satisfaction, loyalty, and switching costs: an illustration from a business-to-business service context 显示文摘 | SHUN Y L VENKATESH SHANKAR M KRISHNA E | 2004 | Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science2004，32，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Dynamically Adaptable m-best 2D Assignment Algorithm and Multilevel Parallelization显示文摘 | Robert L P Krishna R P Bar-shalom Y | 1999 | IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems1999，35，4： | 1 |
| 13 | X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and spectral transmittance study of stoichiometry in sputtered vanadium oxide films显示文摘 | KRISHNA DEBAUGE Y | 1998 | Thin solid films1998，312，： | 1 |
| 14 | Studies on ballistic impact of the composite panels显示文摘 | Sudhir Sastry Y B Pattabhi R Budarapu Krishna Y | 2014 | Theo- retical Applied Fracture Mechanics2014，72，： | 1 |
| 15 | Cement leakage in percuta- neous vertebroplasty: after of preinjection gelfoam embolization 显示文摘 | Bhatia C Barzilay Y Krishna M | 2006 | Spine (phila Pa 1976)2006，31，8： | 1 |
| 16 | Cement leakage in percutaneous vertebroplasty: effect of preinjection gelfoam embolization显示文摘 | Bhatia C Barzilay Y Krishna M | 2006 | Spine2006，31，： | 1 |
| 17 | Cement leakage in percutaneous vertebroplasty effect of preinjection gelfoam embolization 显示文摘 | Bhatia C Barzilay Y Krishna M | 2006 | Spine2006，31，： | 1 |
| 18 | X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and spectral transmittance study of stoichiometry in sputtered vanadium oxide films 显示文摘 | Krishna M G Debauge Y Bhattacharga A K | 1998 | Thin Solid Films1998，312，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Cement leakage in percutaneous vertebmplasty:effect of preinjection gelfoam embolization显示文摘 | Bhatia C Barzilay Y Krishna M | 2006 | Spine2006，31，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Helicobacter pylori flagellin evades Toll-like receptor 5-mediated innate immunity显示文摘 | Gewirtz AT Yu Y Krishna US | 2004 | J Infect Dis2004，189，： | 1 |
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