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| 1 | Diagnostic value of PIVKA-Ⅱ and alpha-fetoprotein in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘AIM: To determine the cutoff values and to compare the diagnostic role of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) and prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-Ⅱ(PIVKA-Ⅱ) in chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS: A total of 1255 patients with CHB, including 157 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), 879 with non-cirrhotic CHB and 219 with cirrhosis without HCC, were retrospectively enrolled. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC) curves of PIVKA-Ⅱ, AFP and their combination were calculated and compared.RESULTS: The optimal cutoff values for PIVKA-Ⅱ and AFP were 40 m AU/m L and 10 ng/m L, respectively, for the differentiation of HCC from nonmalignant CHB. The sensitivity and specificity were 73.9% and 89.7%, respectively, for PIVKA-Ⅱ and 67.5% and 90.3% for AFP, respectively. The AUROC curves of both PIVKA-Ⅱ and AFP were not significantly different(0.854 vs 0.853, P = 0.965) for the differentiation of HCC from nonmalignant CHB, whereas the AUROC of PIVKA-Ⅱ was significantly better than that of AFP in patients with cirrhosis(0.870 vs 0.812, P = 0.042). When PIVKA-Ⅱ and AFP were combined, the diagnostic power improved significantly compared to either AFP or PIVKA-Ⅱ alone for the differentiation of HCC from nonmalignant CHB(P < 0.05), especially when cirrhosis was present(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Serum PIVKA-Ⅱ might be a better tumor marker than AFP, and its combination with AFP may enhance the early detection of HCC in patients with CHB. | Seung In Seo Hyoung Su Kim Won Jin Kim Woon Geon Shin Doo Jin Kim Kyung Ho Kim Myoung Kuk Jang Jin Heon Lee Joo Seop Kim Hak Yang Kim Dong Joon Kim Myung Seok Lee Choong Kee Park | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，13： | 60 |
| 2 | Irritable bowel syndrome:Emerging paradigm in pathophysiology显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders,characterized by abdominal pain,bloating,and changes in bowel habits.These symptoms cannot be explained by structural abnormalities and there is no specific laboratory test or biomarker for IBS.Therefore,IBS is classified as a functional disorder with diagnosis dependent on the history taking about manifested symptoms and careful physical examination.Although a great deal of research has been carried out in this area,the pathophysiology of IBS is complex and not completely understood.Multiple factors are thought to contribute to the symptoms in IBS patients;altered gastrointestinal motility,visceral hypersensitivity,and the brain-gut interaction are important classical concepts in IBS pathophysiology.New areas of research in this arena include inflammation,postinfectious low-grade inflammation,genetic and immunologic factors,an altered microbiota,dietary factors,and enteroendocrine cells.These emerging studies have not shown consistent results,provoking controversy in the IBS field.However,certain lines of evidence suggest that these mechanisms are important at least a subset of IBS patients,confirming that IBS symptoms cannot be explained by a single etiological mechanism.Therefore,it is important to keep in mind that IBS requires a more holistic approach to determining effective treatment and understanding the underlying mechanisms. | Yoo Jin Lee Kyung Sik Park | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，10： | 27 |
| 3 | Anemia after gastrectomy for early gastric cancer:Long-term follow-up observational study显示文摘AIM:To identify the incidence and etiology of anemia after gastrectomy in patients with long-term follow-up after gastrectomy for early gastric cancer.METHODS:The medical records of those patients with early gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent curative gastrectomy between January 2006 and October 2007 were reviewed.Patients with anemia in the preoperative workup,cancer recurrence,undergoing systemic chemotherapy,with other medical conditions that can cause anemia,or treated during follow up with red cell transfusions or supplements for anemia were excluded.Anemia was defined by World Health Organization criteria(Hb < 12 g/dL in women and < 13 g/dL in men).Iron deficiency was defined as serum ferritin < 20 g/dL.Vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as serum vitamin B 12 < 200 pg/mL.Iron deficiency anemia was defined as anemia with concomitant iron deficiency.Anemia from vitamin B 12 deficiency was defined as megaloblastic anemia(mean cell volume > 100 fL) with vitamin B 12 deficiency.The profile of anemia over 48 mo of follow-up was analyzed.RESULTS:One hundred sixty-one patients with gastrectomy for early gastric cancer were analyzed.The incidence of anemia was 24.5% at 3 mo after surgery and increased up to 37.1% at 48 mo after surgery.The incidence of iron deficiency anemia increased during the follow up and became the major cause of anemia at 48 mo after surgery.Anemia of chronic disease and megaloblastic anemia were uncommon.The incidence of anemia in female patients was significantly higher than in male patients at 12(40.0% vs 22.0%,P = 0.033),24(45.0% vs 25.0%,P = 0.023),36(55.0% vs 28.0%,P = 0.004),and 48 mo(52.0% vs 31.0%,P = 0.022) after surgery.Patients with total gastrectomy showed significantly higher incidence of anemia than patients with subtotal gastrectomy at 48 mo after surgery(60.7% vs 31.3%,P = 0.008).The incidence of iron deficiency was significantly higher in female patients than in male patients at 6(35.4% vs 13.3%,P = 0.002),12(45.8% vs 16.8%,P < 0.001),18(52.1% vs 22.3%,P < 0.001),24(60.4% vs 20.9%,P < 0.001),36(62.5% vs 29.2%,P < 0.001),and 48 mo(66.7% vs 34.7%,P = 0.001) after surgery.CONCLUSION:Anemia was frequent after gastrectomy for early gastric cancer,with iron deficiency being the major cause.Evaluation for anemia including iron status should be performed after gastrectomy and appropriate iron replacement should be considered. | Chul-Hyun Lim Sang Woo Kim Won Chul Kim Jin Soo Kim Yu Kyung Cho Jae Myung Park In Seok Lee Myung-Gyu Choi Kyo-Young Song Hae Myung Jeon Cho-Hyun Park | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，42： | 18 |
| 4 | Role of oxygen free radicals in patients with acute pancreatitis显示文摘The generation of oxygen free radicals has been implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental pancreatitis.The aim of this study was to determine the role of oxygen free radicals in patients with acute pancreatitis.METHODS: The plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP),lipid peroxide (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in 13 patients with acute pancreatitis and 14 healthy volunteers.RESULTS: Among the patients with acute pancreatitis, there were higher plasma levels of LPO and MPO and lower SOD activity in patients with severe pancreatitis than in those with mild pancreatitis. However, there was no significant difference in the serum marker of oxidative stress no matter what the etiology was. The LPO level was especially correlated with the concentration of serum CRP and CT severity index.CONCLUSION: The oxygen free radicals may be closely associated with inflammatory process and the severity of acute pancreatitis. Especially, the concentration of plasma LPO is a meaningful index for determining the severity of the disease. | Byung Kyu Park Jae Bock Chung Jin Heon Lee Jeong Hun Suh Seung Woo Park Si Young Song Hyeyoung Kim Kyung Hwan Kim Jin Kyung Kang | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，10： | 18 |
| 5 | Clinical and pathological differences between serum immunoglobulin G4-positive and -negative type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: To identify clinical and pathological differences between serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-positive (SIP) and IgG4-negative (SIN) type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) in South Korea. METHODS: AIP was diagnosed by the international consensus diagnostic criteria. The medical records and pathology were retrospectively reviewed and IgG4-positive cells were counted in a high power field (HPF). Type I AIP was defined as a high serum level of IgG4or histological finding. SIN type 1 AIP was defined as a histological evidence of type 1 AIP and a normal serum IgG4 level. The clinical and pathological findings were compared between the two groups. The analysis was performed using Student's t test, Fischer's exact test and Mann-Whitney's U test. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. As repeated com- parison was made, P values of less than 5% (P < 0.05) were considered significant. RESULTS: Twenty five patients with definite type 1 AIP (19 histologically and six serologically diagnosed cases) were enrolled. The mean tissue IgG4 concentrations were significantly higher in SIP than SIN group (40 cells per HPF vs 18 cells per HPF, P = 0.02). Among eight SIN patients, the tissue IgG4 concentrations were less than 15 cells per HPF in most of cases, except one. The sensitivity of serum IgG4 was 68% (17 SIP and eight SIN AIP). Other organ involvement was more frequent- ly associated with SIP than SIN AIP (59% vs 26%, P = 0.016). However, the relapse rate and diffuse swelling of the pancreas were not associated with serum IgG4 level. The concentrations of IgG4-positive cells per HPF were higher in SIP than SIN AIP (40 vs 18, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of serum IgG4 was 68% in type 1 AIP. High serum IgG4 level was associated with other organ involvement and tissue IgG4 concentration but did not affect the relapse rate in type 1 AIP. | Woo Hyun Paik Ji Kon Ryu Jin Myung Park Byeong Jun Song Joo Kyung Park Yong-Tae Kim Kyoungbun Lee | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，25： | 16 |
| 6 | Overexpression of Arabidopsis YUCCA6 in Potato Results in High-Auxin Developmental Phenotypes and Enhanced Resistance to Water Deficit显示文摘Indole-3-acetic 酸(IAA ) ,主要植物植物生长素,在色氨酸依赖者和色氨酸无关的小径被生产。在 Arabidopsis thaliana 的一条主要小径从色氨酸在二反应产生 IAA。步骤一由把国际语音学协会变换成丝兰属植物蛋白质催化的 IAA 的一个限制率的步骤跟随的色氨酸 aminotransferases 把色氨酸变换成 indole-3-pyruvic 酸(国际语音学协会) 。我们识别了推出了氨基酸序列的基因分享的八通常认为的 StYUC (茄属 tuberosum 丝兰属植物) Arabidopsis 丝兰属植物蛋白质的有那些的 50%70% 身份。都包括正规、保存丝兰属植物序列:FATGY 主题, FMO 签名顺序和 NADP 有约束力的序列。另外,五基因与 ~ 被发现 50% 氨基酸顺序身份到 Arabidopsis 色氨酸 aminotransferases。转基因的土豆(茄属 tuberosum cv。Jowon ) 组成地, overexpressing Arabidopsis AtYUC6 显示了象狭窄的向下卷的叶子,增加的高度,直立的身高,和长寿那样的高植物生长素的显型。转基因的土豆植物 overexpressing AtYUC6 基于减少的水损失显示出提高的干旱忍耐。显型在叶子与反应的氧种类的减少的层次被相关。结果在可以被利用改变植物回答到环境的土豆建议植物生长素生合成的一条功能的丝兰属植物小径。 | Jeong Im Kim Dongwon Baek Hyeong Cheol Park Hyun Jin Chun Dong-Ha Oh Min Kyung Lee Joon-Yung Cha Woe-Yeon Kim Min Chul Kim Woo Sik Chung Hans J. Bohner Sang Yeol Lee Ray A. Bressan Shin-Woo Lee Dae-Jin Yun | 2013 | Molecular Plant2013，6，2： | 15 |
| 7 | Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a Pinus densiflora forest with low and high stand densities显示文摘Aims Understanding carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)dynamics and their dependence on the stand density of an even-aged,mature forest provides knowledge that is important for forest management.This study investigated the differences in ecosystem total C and N storage and flux between a low-density stand(LD)and a high-density stand(HD)and examined the effects of stand density on aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP),total belowground C allocation(TBCA)and net ecosystem production(NEP)in a naturally regenerated,65-to 75-year-old Pinus densiflora S.et Z.forest.Methods LD(450 trees ha^(−1))and HD(842 trees ha^(−1))were established in an even-aged,mature P.densiflora forest in September 2006.The forest had been naturally regenerated following harvesting,and the stand density was naturally maintained without any artificial management such as thinning.The diameter at breast height(DBH≥5.0cm)of all live stems within the stands was measured yearly from 2007 to 2011.To compare C and N storage and fluxes in LD and HD,C and N pools in aboveground and belowground biomass,the forest floor,coarse woody debris(CWD)and soil;soil CO_(2) efflux(R_(S));autotrophic respiration(R_(A));litter production;and soil N availability were measured.Further,ANPP,TBCA and NEP were estimated from plot-based measurement data.Important Findings Ecosystem C(Mg C ha^(−1))and N(Mg N ha^(−1))storage was,respectively,173.0±7.3(mean±SE)and 4.69±0.30 for LD and 162±11.8 and 4.08±0.18 for HD.There were no significant differences in C and N storage in the ecosystem components,except for soils,between the two stands.In contrast,there were significant differences in aboveground ANPP and TBCA between the two stands(P<0.05).Litterfall,biomass increment and R_(S) were major C flux components with values of,respectively,3.89,3.74 and 9.07 Mg C ha^(−1) year^(−1) in LD and 3.15,2.94 and 7.06 Mg C ha^(−1) year^(−1) in HD.Biometric-based NEP(Mg C ha^(−1) year^(−1))was 4.18 in LD and 5.50 in HD.Although the even-aged,mature P.densiflora forest had similar C and N allocation patterns,it showed different C and N dynamics depending on stand density.The results of the current study will be useful for elucidating the effects of stand density on C and N storage and fluxes,which are important issues in managing natural mature forest ecosystems. | Nam Jin Noh Choonsig Kim Sang Won Bae Woo Kyun Lee Tae Kyung Yoon Hiroyuki Muraoka Yowhan Son | 2013 | Journal of Plant Ecology2013，6，5： | 14 |
| 8 | New magnifying endoscopic classification for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma显示文摘AIM To assess the accuracy of a new magnifying endoscopy(ME)classification for predicting depth of invasion of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(SESCC).METHODS This study included a total of 70 lesions in 69 patients with SESCC who underwent ME with narrow-band imaging(ME-NBI)before resection from August 2010 to July 2016.Accuracy of ME-NBI for predicting depth of invasion of SESCC was analyzed by using a new ME classification proposed by the Japan Esophageal Society(JES),and interobserver agreement was assessed.RESULTS Overall accuracy of ME-NBI for estimating depth of invasion of SESCC was 78.6%.Sensitivity and specificity of type B1 for tumors limited to the epithelial layer(m1)or invading into the lamina propria(m2)were 71.4%and 100%,respectively.Sensitivity and specificity of type B2 for tumors invading into the muscularis mucosa(m3)or superficial submucosa(≤200μm,sm1)were94.4%and 73.1%,respectively,while those of type B3for tumors invading into the deep submucosa(>200μm,sm2)were 75.0%and 97.8%,respectively.Interobserver agreement was excellent(κ=0.86,95%CI:0.76-0.95).CONCLUSION The recently developed JES ME classification is useful for predicting depth of invasion of SESCC,with reliable interobserver agreement. | Su Jin Kim Gwang Ha Kim Moon Won Lee Hye Kyung Jeon Dong Hoon Baek Bong Eun Lee Geun Am Song | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，24： | 13 |
| 9 | Low grade gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma:Treatment strategies based on 10 year follow-up显示文摘AIM:To deduce strategic guidelines of gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALTOMA) by evaluating the long-term outcome of patients in respect to various treatment modalities.METHODS:A total of 55 patients with MALTOMA from May 1992 to August 2002 were retrospectively reviewed.RESULTS: Complete remission was obtained in 24 (82.8%) of 29 patients treated with anti Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) regimen only. The duration to reach complete remission was 12 months (85 percentile, 2-33 months).Five patients showed complete remission with radiation therapy (26-86 months).Two of them were Hpyloritreatment failure cases.CONCLUSION: Hpylorieradication is an effective primary treatment option for low grade MALTOMA and radiation therapy could be considered in patients with no evidence of Hpyloninfection or who do not respond to Hpylorieradication therapy 12 months after successful eradication. | Sang Kil Lee Yong Chan Lee Jae Bock Chung Chae Yoon Chon Young Myoung Moon Jin Kyung Kang In-Suh Park Chang Ok Suh Woo Ik Yang | 2004 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2004，10，2： | 12 |
| 10 | Surgical outcome of pancreatic cancer using radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy procedure显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the surgical outcomes following radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) for pancreatic cancer. METHODS:Twenty-four patients underwent RAMPS with curative intent between January 2005 and June 2009 at the National Cancer Center, South Korea. Clinicopathologic data, including age, sex, operative findings, pathologic results, adjuvant therapy, postop-erative clinical course and follow-up data were retro-spectively collected and analyzed for this study. RESULTS:Twenty-one patients (87.5%) underwent distal pancreatectomy and 3 patients (12.5%) underwent total pancreatectomy using RAMPS. Nine patients (37.5%) underwent combined vessel resection, including 8 superior mesenteric-portal vein resections and 1 celiac axis resection. Two patients (8.3%) underwent combined resection of other organs, including the colon, stomach or duodenum. Negative tangential margins were achieved in 22 patients (91.7%). The mean tumor diameter for all patients was 4.09 ± 2.15 cm. The 2 patients with positive margins had a mean diameter of 7.25 cm. The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was 20.92 ± 11.24 and the node positivity rate was 70.8%. The median survival of the 24 patients was 18.23 ± 6.02 mo. Patients with negative margins had a median survival of 21.80 ± 5.30 mo and those with positive margins had a median survival of 6.47 mo (P = 0.021). Nine patients (37.5%) had postoperative complications, but there were no postoperative mortalities. Pancreatic fistula occurred in 4 patients (16.7%):2 patients had a grade A fistula and 2 had a grade B fistula. On univariate analysis, histologic grade, positive tangential margin, pancreatic fistula and adjuvant therapy were significant prognostic factors for survival. CONCLUSION:RAMPS is a feasible procedure for achieving negative tangential margins in patients with carcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas. | Ye Rim Chang Sung-Sik Han Sang-Jae Park Seung Duk Lee Tae Suk Yoo Young-Kyu Kim Tae Hyun Kim Sang Myung Woo Woo Jin Lee Eun Kyung Hong | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，39： | 9 |
| 11 | Retrospective analysis of extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors显示文摘AIM:To investigate the clinicopathologic features of patients with extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors(EGISTs)in South Korea.METHODS:A total of 51 patients with an EGIST were identified.The clinicopathologic features,including sex,age,location,tumor size,histology,mitotic rate,immunohistochemical features,genetic status and survival data,were analyzed.RESULTS:The median age was 55 years(range:29-80years),and male:female ratio was 1:1.04.The most common site was in the mesentery(n=15)followed by the retroperitoneum(n=13)and omentum(n=8).The median tumor size was 9.0 cm(range:2.6-30.0cm)and the median mitotic rate was 5.0/50HPF.(1/50-185/50).KIT was analyzed in 16,which revealed 10cases with wild-type KIT and 6 cases with an exon 11mutation.Among 51 patients,31 patients had undergone surgery,and 10 had unresectable disease and had taken palliative imatinib,which resulted in 22.7 mo of progression-free survival.Of the patients who had undergone surgery,18 did not take adjuvant imatinib,and 8 of these were categorized as'high risk'according to the risk criteria.However,the relapse-free survival was not different(P=0.157)between two groups.CONCLUSION:Because the biologic behaviors of GISTs differ according to the location of the tumor,a more stratified strategy is required for managing EGISTs including incorporation of molecular features. | Jun Ho Yi Byeong-Bae Park Jung Hun Kang In Gyu Hwang Dong Bok Shin Sun Jin Sym Hee Kyung Ahn Soon Il Lee Do Hyoung Lim Keon Woo Park Young-Woong Won Sung Hee Lim Se Hoon Park | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，6： | 9 |
| 12 | Risk factors for local recurrence after en bloc endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer显示文摘AIM: To investigate factors related to recurrence following en bloc resection using endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) in patients with early gastric cancer(EGC). METHODS: A total of 1121 patients(1215 lesions) who had undergone ESD for gastric neoplasia between April 2003 and May 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Data from 401 patients(415 lesions) were analyzed, following the exclusion of those who underwent piecemeal resection, with deep resection margin invasion or lateral margin infiltration, and diagnosed with benign lesions. RESULTS: Local recurrence after en bloc ESD was found in 36 cases(8.7%). Unclear resection margins, long procedure times, and narrow safety margins were identified as risk factors for recurrence. Lesions located in the upper third of the stomach showed a higher rate of recurrence than those located in the lower third of the stomach(OR = 2.9, P = 0.03). The probability of no recurrence for up to 24 mo was 79.9% in those with a safety resection margin ≤ 1 mm and 89.5% in those with a margin > 1 mm(log-rank test, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Even in cases in which en bloc ESD is performed for EGC, local recurrence still occurs. To reduce local recurrences, more careful assessment will be needed prior to the implementation of ESD in casesin which the tumor is located in the upper third of the stomach. In addition, clear identification of tumor boundaries as well as the securing of sufficient safety resection margins will be important. | Ju Yup Lee Kwang Bum Cho Eun Soo Kim Kyung Sik Park Yoo Jin Lee Yoon Suk Lee Byoung Kuk Jang Woo Jin Chung Jae Seok Hwang | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，7： | 8 |
| 13 | Diffusion-weighted imaging of biliopancreatic disorders:Correlation with conventional magnetic resonance imaging显示文摘Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(DWI)is a well established method for the evaluation of intracranial diseases,such as acute stroke.DWI for extracranial application is more difficult due to physiological motion artifacts and the heterogeneous composition of the organs.However,thanks to the newer technical development of DWI,DWI has become increasingly used over the past few years in extracranial organs including the abdomen and pelvis.Most previous studies of DWI have been limited to the evaluation of diffuse parenchymal abnormalities and focal lesions in abdominal organs,whereas there are few studies about DWI for the evaluation of the biliopancreatic tract.Although further studies are needed to determine its performance in evaluating bile duct,gallbladder and pancreas diseases,DWI has potential in the assessment of the functional information on the biliopancreatic tract concerning the status of tissue cellularity,because increased cellularity is associated with impeded diffusion,as indicated by a reduction in the apparent diffusion coefficient.The detection of malignant lesions and their differentiation from benign tumor-like lesions in the biliopancreatic tract could be improved using DWI in conjunction with findings obtained with conventional magnetic resonance cholagiopancreatography.Additionally,DWI can be useful for the assessment of the biliopancreatic tract in patients with renal impairment because contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance scans should be avoided in these patients. | Nam Kyung Lee Suk Kim Gwang Ha Kim Dong Uk Kim Hyung Il Seo Tae Un Kim Dae Hwan Kang Ho Jin Jang | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，31： | 8 |
| 14 | Risk factors of organ failure in cholangitis with bacteriobilia显示文摘AIM: To identify the risk factors for organ failure(OF) in cholangitis with bacteriobilia.METHODS: This study included 182 patients with acute cholangitis who underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage between January 2005 and April 2013. We conducted a retrospective analysis of comprehensive clinical and laboratory data.RESULTS: There were 24 cases(13.2%) of OF and five deaths(2.7%). Bile culture was positive for microbial growth in 130 out of 138(94.2%) patients. In multivariate analysis of 130 patients with positivebile cultures, significant predictive factors for OF were the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBL) organisms in blood cultures, pre-existing renal dysfunction, and choledocholithiasis as an etiology, with odds ratios of 15.376, 6.319, and 3.573, respectively. We developed a scoring system with a regression coefficient of each significant variable. The OF score was calculated using the following equation:(2.7 × ESBL organisms in blood cultures) +(1.8 × pre-existing renal dysfunction) +(1.3 × choledocholithiasis). This scoring system for predicting OF was highly specific(99.1%) and had a positive predictive value of 86.2%.CONCLUSION: ESBL organisms in blood cultures, preexisting renal dysfunction, and choledocholithiasis are risk factors for OF in cholangitis with bacteriobilia. The OF scoring system may aid clinicians to identify a poor prognosis group. | Jae Min Lee Sang Hyub Lee Kwang Hyun Chung Jin Myung Park Ban Seok Lee Woo Hyun Paik Joo Kyung Park Ji Kon Ryu Yong-Tae Kim | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，24： | 8 |
| 15 | Down-regulation of tyrosinase,TRP-1,TRP-2 and MITF expressions by citrus press-cakes in murine B16 F10 melanoma显示文摘Objective:To investigate the suitability of citrus-press cakes,by-products of the juice industry as a source for the whitening agents for cosmetic industry.Methods:Ethylacetate extracts of citrus-press cakes(CCE)were examined for their anti-melanogenic potentials in terms of the inhibition of melanin production and mechanisim of melanogenesis by using Western Blot analysis with tyrosinese,tyrosinase-related protein-1(TRP-1),TRP2,and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF)proteins.To apply the topical agents,citrus-press cakes was investigated the safety in human skin cell line.Finally flavonoid analysis of CCE was also determined by HPLC analysis.Results:Results indicated that CCE were shown to down-regulate melanin content in a dose-dependent pattern.The CCE inhibited tyrosinase,TRP-2,and MITF expressions in a dose-dependent manner.To test the applicability of CCE to human skin,we used MTT assay to assess the cytotoxic effects of CCE on human keratinocyte HaCaT cells.The CCE exhibited low cytotoxicity at 50μg/mL.Characterization of the citrus-press cakes for flavonoid contents using HPLC showed varied quantity of rutin,narirutin,and hesperidin.Conclusions:Considering the anti-melanogenic activity and human safety,CCE is considered as a potential anti-melanogenic agent and may be effective for topical application for treating hyperpigmentation disorders. | Sang Suk Kim Min-Jin Kim Young Hun Choi Byung Kuk Kim Kwang Sik Kim Kyung Jin Park Suk Man Park Nam Ho Lee Chang-Gu Hyun | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2013，3，8： | 7 |
| 16 | Splenic infarction associated with sorafenib use in a hepatocellular carcinoma patient显示文摘Sorafenib,a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor,has been shown to improve survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).As the clinical use of sorafenib increases,many adverse effects have been reported,such as hand-foot skin reaction,diarrhea,anorexia,asthenia,alopecia,weight loss,hypertension and arterial thromboembolism.However,there are no prior reports of splenic infarction as an adverse effect of sorafenib.Here,a case of splenic infarction in a patient with HCC who was treated with sorafenib is reported. The patient had no other predisposing factors to explain the splenic infarction except for the administration of sorafenib.The splenic infarction improved after sorafenib was discontinued;however,the HCC progressed. | Sang Ock Kim Sang Young Han Yang Hyun Baek Sung Wook Lee Ji Sun Han Byung Geun Kim Jin Han Cho Kyung Jin Nam | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，2： | 7 |
| 17 | Non-surgical treatment of post-surgical bile duct injury: Clinical implications and outcomes显示文摘AIM:To investigate the prognostic factors determining the success rate of non-surgical treatment in the management of post-operative bile duct injuries(BDIs).METHODS:The study patients were enrolled from the pancreatobiliary units of a tertiary teaching hospital for the treatment of BDIs after hepatobiliary tract surgeries,excluding operations for liver transplantation andmalignancies,from January 1999 to August 2010.A total of 5167 patients underwent operations,and 77patients had BDIs following surgery.The primary end point was the treatment success rate according to different types of BDIs sustained using endoscopic or percutaneous hepatic approaches.The type of BDI was defined using one of the following diagnostic tools:endoscopic retrograde cholangiography,percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography,computed tomography scan,and magnetic resonance cholangiography.Patients with a final diagnosis of BDI underwent endoscopic and/or percutaneous interventions for the treatment of bile leak and/or stricture if clinically indicated.Patient consent was obtained,and study approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board in accordance with the legal regulations of the Human Clinical Research Center at the Seoul National University Hospital in Seoul,South Korea.RESULTS:A total of 77 patients were enrolled in the study.They were divided into three groups according to type of BDI.Among them,55 patients(71%)underwent cholecystectomy.Thirty-six patients(47%)had bile leak only(type 1),31 patients had biliary stricture only(type 2),and 10 patients had both bile leak and biliary stricture(type 3).Their initial treatment modalities were non-surgical.The success rate of non-surgical treatment in each group was as follows:BDI type 1:94%;type 2:71%;and type 3:30%.Clinical parameters such as demographic factors,primary disease,operation method,type of operation,non-surgical treatment modalities,endoscopic procedure steps,type of BDI,time to diagnosis and treatment duration were evaluated to evaluate the prognostic factors affecting the success rate.The type of BDI was a statistically significant prognostic factor in determining the success rate of non-surgical treatment.In addition,a shorter time to diagnosis of BDI after the operation correlated significantly with higher success rates in the treatment of type 1 BDIs.CONCLUSION:Endoscopic or percutaneous hepatic approaches can be used as an initial treatment in type1 and 2 BDIs.However,surgical intervention is a treatment of choice in type 3 BDI. | Young Ook Eum Joo Kyung Park Jaeyoung Chun Sang-Hyub Lee Ji Kon Ryu Yong-Tae Kim Yong-Bum Yoon Chang Jin Yoon Ho-Seong Han Jin-Hyeok Hwang | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，22： | 7 |
| 18 | PD-1 blockade-unresponsive human tumor-infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells are marked by loss of CD28 expression and rescued by IL-15显示文摘Blockade of programmed death-1(PD-1)reinvigorates exhausted CD8^(+)T cells,resulting in tumor regression in cancer patients.Recently,reinvigoration of exhausted CD8^(+)T cells following PD-1 blockade was shown to be CD28-dependent in mouse models.Herein,we examined the role of CD28 in anti-PD-1 antibody-induced human T cell reinvigoration using tumor-infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells(CD8^(+)TILs)obtained from non-small-cell lung cancer patients.Single-cell analysis demonstrated a distinct expression pattern of CD28 between mouse and human CD8^(+)TILs.Furthermore,we found that human CD28^(+)CD8^(+)but not CD28^(–)CD8^(+)TILs responded to PD-1 blockade irrespective of B7/CD28 blockade,indicating that CD28 costimulation in human CD8^(+)TILs is dispensable for PD-1 blockade-induced reinvigoration and that loss of CD28 expression serves as a marker of anti-PD-1 antibody-unresponsive CD8^(+)TILs.Transcriptionally and phenotypically,PD-1 blockade-unresponsive human CD28^(–)PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs exhibited characteristics of terminally exhausted CD8^(+)T cells with low TCF1 expression.Notably,CD28^(–)PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs had preserved machinery to respond to IL-15,and IL-15 treatment enhanced the proliferation of CD28^(–)PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs as well as CD28^(+)PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs.Taken together,these results show that loss of CD28 expression is a marker of PD-1 blockade-unresponsive human CD8^(+)TILs with a TCF1–signature and provide mechanistic insights into combining IL-15 with anti-PD-1 antibodies. | Kyung Hwan Kim Hong Kwan Kim Hyung-Don Kim Chang Gon Kim Hoyoung Lee Ji Won Han Seong Jin Choi Seongju Jeong Minwoo Jeon Hyunglae Kim Jiae Koh Bo Mi Ku Su-Hyung Park Myung-Ju Ahn Eui-Cheol Shin | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，2： | 6 |
| 19 | Alpha-fetoprotein-targeted reporter gene expression imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common cancers in Eastern Asia, and its incidence is increasing globally. Numerous experimental models have been developed to better our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of HCC and to evaluate novel therapeutic approaches. Molecular imaging is a convenient and up-to-date biomedical tool that enables the visualization, characterization and quantification of biologic processes in a living subject. Molecular imaging based on reporter gene expression, in particular, can elucidate tumor-specific events or processes by acquiring images of a reporter gene's expression driven by tumor-specific enhancers/promoters. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various experimental HCC mouse models and we present in vivo images of tumorspecific reporter gene expression driven by an alphafetoprotein(AFP) enhancer/promoter system in a mouse model of HCC. The current mouse models of HCC development are established by xenograft, carcinogen induction and genetic engineering, representing the spectrum of tumor-inducing factors and tumor locations. The imaging analysis approach of reporter genes driven by AFP enhancer/promoter is presented for these different HCC mouse models. Such molecular imaging can provide longitudinal information about carcinogenesis and tumor progression. We expect that clinical application of AFP-targeted reporter gene expression imaging systems will be useful for the detection of AFP-expressing HCC tumors and screening of increased/decreased AFP levels due to disease or drug treatment. | Kwang Il Kim Hye Kyung Chung Ju Hui Park Yong Jin Lee Joo Hyun Kang | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，27： | 6 |
| 20 | Acute mediastinitis arising from pancreatic mediastinal fistula in recurrent pancreatitis显示文摘Acute mediastinitis is a fatal disease that usually originates from esophageal perforation and surgical infection.Rare cases of descending necrotizing mediastinitis can occur following oral cavity and pharynx infection or can be a complication of pancreatitis.The most common thoracic complications of pancreatic disease are reactive pleural effusion and pneumonia,while rare complications include thoracic conditions,such as pancreaticopleural fistula with massive pleural effusion or hemothorax and extension of pseudocyst into the mediastinum.There have been no reports of acute mediastinitis originating from pancreatitis in South Korea.In this report,we present the case of a 50-year-old female suffering from acute mediastinitis with pleural effusion arising from recurrent pancreatitis that improved after surgical intervention. | In Soo Choe Yong Seok Kim Tae Hee Lee Sun Moon Kim Kyung Ho Song Hoon Sup Koo Jung Ho Park Jin Sil Pyo Ji Yeong Kim In Seok Choi | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，40： | 6 |
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