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| 1 | Deep soil water infiltration and its dynamic variation in the shifting sandy land of typical deserts in China显示文摘Soil moisture is the key resource constraint in arid ecosystems, and has been a focus of research on restoration. However, quantitative studies on the contribution of rainfall to deep soil rainfall infiltration are lacking. In this study, we used the YWB-01 Deep Soil Infiltration Water Recorder which had been invented by ourselves to measure the quantity of rain infiltration into deep soil, 150 cm below ground, in four locations in China: Mu Us Sandy Land and Ulan Buh, Tengger, and Badan Jilin deserts over a 2-year period. We found:(1) Deep soil rainfall infiltration decreased progressively from east to west and from semiarid to arid areas, with two locations completely lacking rainfall infiltration. Heavy rain was important to deep soil infiltration in shifting sandy land of arid and semiarid areas.(2) Seasonal variation of infiltration was correlated with rainfall, with a time lag that was less apparent in areas with more rainfall.(3) For single intense rainfall events, infiltration maximums occurred 40–55 h after the rainfall, during which the infiltration rates increased rapidly before reaching a peak, and then decreased slowly. Continuous infiltration could last about 150 h. Rainfall infiltration was determined by the combined action of intensity, quantity and duration. Rainfall with low intensity, long duration, and large quantity was most favorable for deep soil infiltration. Our results can be used in water resource assessments and protection during eco-restoration in the arid and semiarid areas in China. | YANG WenBin TANG JinNian LIANG HaiRong DANG HongZhong LI Wei | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，8： | 21 |
| 2 | Study on the HPHT synthetic diamond crystal from Fe-C(H) system and its significance显示文摘Investigations of crystal habit, micro-topographic imaging, micro-composition and micro-structural analysis of HPHT synthetic diamonds from the Fe-C(H) system indicate that most of them have an oc-tahedral habit. The crystals grow mainly layer-to-layer from center to periphery. HPHT synthetic dia-mond is smaller in size than natural diamond because it only goes through nucleation and growth in the early stage. In the middle and late stages, due to the coalescence of diamond grains related to dif-ferences of surface energy, the growth of HPHT synthetic diamond is limited. The active energy (E) of transforming single nitrogen into a nitrogen-pair is lowered and the time of transforming single nitro-gen into a nitrogen-pair is shortened because of the existence of hydrogen. Therefore, aggregate ni-trogen (A-centers) may exist in synthetic diamond from HPHT and explosive detonation processes. It needs further discussion on a worldwide view that the time of natural diamond formation extracted from nitrogen aggregation is some hundred million years. Consideration of the way in which surface energy influences the growth of diamond can help to understand some of the remaining issues (e.g. growth mechanism, etc.) in the HPHT synthetic process and effectively explain the formation of natural diamond in terms of HPHT thermodynamic theory. Especially, it is important to pay more attention to the influence of hydrogen on surface energy in that hydrogen may be a 'bridge' for explaining the formation of HPHT synthetic and natural diamond. | YANG ZhiJun LI HongZhong PENG MingSheng CHEN Jun LIN Feng SU YuWei | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，1： | 15 |
| 3 | Influence of phase and microstructure on the rate of hydrochloric acid leaching in pretreated Panzhihua ilmenite显示文摘The present study investigated the influence of high temperature oxidation and reduction pretreatments on the leaching rate of Panzhihua ilmenite.The as-pretreated ilmenite was leached with 20%HCl at 105℃.The leaching process was controlled by the phases and microstructures that evolved during the pretreatment processes.The leaching kinetics of pure hematite,ilmenite and pseudobrookite were characterized to clarify the phase effect on the iron-leaching rate;the rate of iron leaching occurs in the following order in the HCl solution:hematite(ferric iron) > ilmenite(ferrous iron)>>pseudobrookite(ferric iron).Therefore,the often-cited notion that ferrous iron dissolves faster in HCl solutions than ferric iron when explaining the pretreatment effects is inaccurate.Moreover,the oxidation pretreatment(at 600-1000℃ for 4 h)cannot destroy the dense structure of the Panzhihua ilmenite.Therefore,the influence exerted by the oxidation on the leaching process is primarily determined by the phase change;oxidation at 600 and 700℃slightly increased the rate of iron leaching because the ilmenite was transformed into hematite,while the oxidation at 900-1000℃ significantly reduced the rate of iron leaching because a pseudobrookite phase formed.The reduction effect was subsequently investigated;the as-oxidized ilmenite was reduced under H_2 at 750℃ for 30 min.The reduction significantly accelerated the rate of subsequent iron leaching such that nearly all of the iron had dissolved after leaching for 2h in 20%HCl at 105℃.This enhanced iron-leaching rate is mainly attributed to the cracks and holes that formed during the reduction process. | Qingshan Zhu Jianbo Zhang Hongzhong Li | 2014 | Particuology2014，12，3： | 11 |
| 4 | Radial profile of sap flow velocity in mature Xinjiang poplar(Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis) in Northwest China显示文摘Estimation of the transpiration rate for a tree is generally based on sap flow measurements within the hydro-active stem xylem. In this study, radial variation of sap flow velocity(Js) was investigated at five depths of the xylem(1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 cm under the cambium) in three mature Xinjiang poplar(Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis) trees grown at the Gansu Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem from May to October 2011. Thermal dissipation probes of various lengths manufactured according to the Granier's design were installed into each tree for simultaneous observation of the radial patterns of Js through the xylem. The radial patterns were found to fit the four-parameter GaussAmp equation. The peak Js was about 27.02±0.95 kg/(dm2?d) at approximately 3 to 5 cm deep from the cambium of the three trees,and the lowest Js appeared at 1 cm deep in most of the time. Approximately 50% of the total sap flow in Xinjiang poplar occurred within one-third of the xylem from its outer radius, whereas 90% of the total sap flow occurred within two-fifth of the xylem. In addition, the innermost point of the xylem(at 8-cm depth), which appeared as the penultimate sap flow in most cases during the study period, was hydro-active with Js,8 of 7.55±3.83 kg/(dm2?d). The radial pattern of Js was found to be steeper in midday than in other time of the day, and steeper diurnal fluctuations were recorded in June, July and August(the mid-growing season). Maximum differences between the lowest Js(Js,1 or Js,8) and the highest Js(Js,3 or Js,5) from May through October were 12.41, 17.35, 16.30, 18.52, 12.60 and 16.04 g/(cm2?h), respectively. The time-dependent changes of Js along the radial profile(except at 1-cm depth) were strongly related to the reference evapotranspiration(ET0). Due to significant radial variability of Js, the mean daily sap flow at the whole-tree level could be over-estimated by up to 29.69% when only a single probe at depth of 2 cm was used. However, the accuracy of the estimation of sap flow in Xinjiang poplar could be significantly improved using a correction coefficient of 0.885. | HongZhong DANG TianShan ZHA JinSong ZHANG Wei LI ShiZeng LIU | 2014 | Journal of Arid Land2014，6，5： | 11 |
| 5 | A new drag model for TFM simulation of gas-solid bubbling fluidized beds with Geldart-B particles显示文摘In this work,a new drag model for TFM simulation in gas-solid bubbling fluidized beds was proposed,and a set of equations was derived to determine the meso-scale structural parameters to calculate the drag characteristics of Geldart-B particles under low gas velocities.In the new model,the meso-scale structure was characterized while accounting for the bubble and meso-scale structure effects on the drag coefficient.The Fluent software,incorporating the new drag model,was used to simulate the fluidization behavior.Experiments were performed in a Plexiglas cylindrical fluidized bed consisting of quartz sand as the solid phase and ambient air as the gas phase.Comparisons based on the solids hold-up inside the fluidized bed at different superficial gas velocities,were made between the 2D Cartesian simulations,and the experimental data,showing that the results of the new drag model reached much better agreement with experimental data than those of the Gidaspow drag model did. | Yingce Wang Zheng Zou Hongzhong Li Qingshan Zhu | 2014 | Particuology2014，12，4： | 8 |
| 6 | Direct reduction of hematite powders in a fluidized bed reactor显示文摘Ultrafine hematite powder was reduced to produce ultrafine iron powder in a 50%Ar-50%H_2 atmosphere at 450-550℃ in a fluidized bed reactor.The ultrafine hematite powder shows the typical agglomerating fluidization behavior with large agglomerates fluidized at the bottom of the bed and small agglomerates fluidized at the upper part of the bed.It was found that defluidization occurred even at the low temperature of 450℃ with low metallization rate.Defluidization was attributed mainly to the sintering of the newly formed iron particles.Granuation was employed to improve the fluidization quality and to tackle the defluidization problem,where granules fluidized like a Geldart's group A powder.Granulation was found to effectively reduce defluidization during reduction,without however sacrificing reduction speed.The asreduced iron powders from both the ultrafine and the granulated hematite exhibited excellent sintering activity,that is,fast sintering at temperature of as low as^580σ_(RR)~2),which is much superior as compared to that of nano/ultrafine iron powders made by other processes. | Qingshan Zhu Rongfang Wua Hongzhong Li | 2013 | Particuology2013，11，3： | 8 |
| 7 | Hierarchical Ag-SiO_2@Fe_3O_4magnetic composites for elemental mercury removal from non-ferrous metal smelting flue gas显示文摘Hierarchical Ag-SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 magnetic composites were selected for elemental mercury(Hg^0) removal from non-ferrous metal smelting flue gas in this study. Results showed that the hierarchical Ag-SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 magnetic composites had favorable Hg^0 removal ability at low temperature. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of hierarchical magnetic composite is much larger than that of pure Fe_3O_4 and SiO_2@Fe_3O_4. The Hg^0 removal efficiency reached the highest value as approximately 92% under the reaction temperature of 150°C, while the removal efficiency sharply reduced in the absence of O_2. The characterization results indicated that Ag nanoparticles grew on the surface of SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 support. The large surface area of SiO_2 supplied efficient reaction room for Hg and Ag atoms. Ag–Hg amalgam is generated on the surface of the composites. In addition, this magnetic material could be easily separated from fly ashes when adopted for treating real flue gas, and the spent materials could be regenerated using a simple thermal-desorption method. | Yongpeng Ma Bailong Mu Xiaojing Zhang Hongzhong Zhang Haomiao Xu Zan Qu Li Gao | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，5： | 7 |
| 8 | On the viscosity of magnetic fluid with low and moderate solid fraction显示文摘The design of a pressurized capillary rheometer operating at prescribed temperature is described to measure the viscosity of magnetic fluids(MFs) containing Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs).The equipment constant of the rheometer was obtained using liquids with predetermined viscosities.Experimentally measured viscosities were used to evaluate different equations for suspension viscosities.Deviation of measured suspension viscosities from the Einstein equation was found to be basically due to the influence of spatial distribution and aggregation of Fe3O4 MNPs.By taking account of the coating layer on MNPs and the aggregation of MNPs in MFs,a modified Einstein equation was proposed to fit the experimental data.Moreover,the influence of external magnetic field on viscosity was also taken into account.Viscosities thus predicted are in good agreement with experimental data.Temperature effect on suspension viscosity was shown experimentally to be due to the shear-thinning behavior of the MFs. | Zhiqiang Ren Yanping Han Ruoyu Hong Jianmin Ding Hongzhong Li | 2008 | Particuology2008，6，3： | 5 |
| 9 | Comparison of schemes for preparing magnetic Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles显示文摘Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by means of coprecipitation using NH3·H2O in water and in alcohol, and using NaOH in water. A series of instruments such as SEM, TEM, HRTEM, FT-IR, XRD and VSM were used to characterize the properties of the magnetic nanoparticles. The results indicated that the magnetism of Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized using NH3·H2O in water was the highest, although the reaction time was the longest. The process using NaOH in water was the simplest and the reaction time was the shortest, but the particle characteristics were inferior to those of the other two methods. The mean size of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles prepared by coprecipitation in alcohol was the smallest among the three, but the nanoparticles aggregated severely. The magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with oleic acid using saturated sodium oleate, and the polarity of the surface-modified nanoparticles was measured. Fe3O4 nanoparticles prepared using NH3·H2O, not NaOH, could be coated successfully and thoroughly. | Ruoyu Hong Jianhua Li Jian Wang Hongzhong Li | 2007 | China Particuology2007，5，1： | 5 |
| 10 | Important relationship between meso-scale structure and transfer coefficients in fluidized beds显示文摘Along with the fast development of computer technology and measurement techniques,fundamental research on fluidization is faced with both new challenges and opportunities.Among others,great attention should be focused on the meso-scale structure of fluidized beds,to study the quantitative prediction theory and optimum control method for the meso-scale structure of fluidized beds,and to establish the modeling of the relationship between meso-scale structure and momentum transfer,heat transfer,mass transfer,and chemical reaction.These efforts,combined with advanced computer simulation,are expected to solve difficult problems in optimum control and scale-up of fluidized bed processes and equipment. | Hongzhong Li | 2010 | Particuology2010，8，6： | 4 |
| 11 | A two-stage reduction process for the production of high-purity ultrafine Ni particles in a micro-fluidized bed reactor显示文摘A novel two-stage reduction process for synthesis of ultrafine nickel powder with a high purity and low density in a fluidized bed reactor has been developed in this work.The raw ultrafine NiO particles are first pre-reduced using hydrogen at lower temperatures(340-400 ℃),followed by further reduction at higher temperatures(500-600 ℃).The self-agglomeration of Ni particles formed during low-temperature reduction decreases the sintering activity of the newly formed ultrafine Ni particles,leading to good fluidization quality,even for the subsequent high-temperature reduction process.The agglomerated Ni particles have a high Ni content(above 99wt%),a low density(0.78 g/cm^3) and a uniform particle size(approximately 100μm).A concept design for a novel two-stage fluidized bed reactor process used to produce high-purity Ni powder was also proposed.This approach may be extended to the synthesis of other ultrafine/nanosized metals or metal oxides through a fluidization method. | Jun Li Xinwei Liu Li Zhou Qingshan Zhu Hongzhong Li | 2015 | Particuology2015，13，2： | 4 |
| 12 | STUDY ON THE OVERALL PRESSURE BALANCE OF A DOWNFLOW CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED SYSTEM显示文摘A pressure balance model for a circulating fluidized bed unit that incorporates a downer has been pro- posed. The model predictions were validated with the experimental data obtained from a special cold-model circulating fluidized bed. Comparison of the operation stability between a CFB downer and a CFB riser has been carried out. Only one critical gas velocity exists in the CFB-riser for a given riser solids flux, while there can be many critical gas velocities for the operation of a CFB downer. Therefore, it is possible to achieve high solids concentration in a CFB downer if ap- propriate operating conditions are used. | Hengzhi Chen Dawei Yang Hongzhong Li Shiyu Tan | 2006 | China Particuology2006，4，3： | 4 |
| 13 | Hydrodynamic behavior of magnetized fluidized beds with admixtures of Geldart-B magnetizable and nonmagnetizable particles显示文摘 | Quanhong Zhu Hongzhong Li Qingshan Zhu Jun Li Zheng Zou | 2016 | Particuology2016，14，6： | 4 |
| 14 | A CORRELATION EQUATION FOR CALCULATING INCLINED JET PENETRATION LENGTH IN A GAS-SOLID FLUIDIZED BED显示文摘Numerical simulation of gas-solid flow in a two-dimensional fluidized bed with an inclined jet was performed. The numerical model is based on the two-fluid model of gas and solids phase in which the solids constitutive equations are based on the kinetic theory of granular flow. The improved ICE algorithm, which can be used for both low and high-velocity fluid flow, were used to solve the model equations. The mechanism of jet formation was analyzed using both numerical simulations and experiments. The emergence and movement of gas bubbles were captured numerically and experimentally. The influences of jet velocity, nozzle diameter, nozzle inclination and jet position on jet penetration length were obtained. A semi-empirical expression was derived and the parameters were correlated from experimental data. The correlation equation, which can be easily used to obtain the inclined jet penetration length, was compared with our experimental data and published correlation equations. | Ruoyu Hong Haibing Li Jianmin Ding Hongzhong Li | 2005 | China Particuology2005，3，5： | 3 |
| 15 | A preference-based multi-objective building performance optimization method for early design stage显示文摘A large number of cases show that the multi-objective optimization method can significantly improve building performance.The method for multi-objective building performance optimization(BPO)design has achieved rapid development in recent years.However,the BPO method still needs to be improved.Specifically,weak interaction between the optimization process and the decision-making process results in low optimization efficiency,which limits the widespread application of the optimization method in early design stage.In this paper,a new interactive BPO mode is explored to strengthen the interaction between the optimization process and decisionmaking process,and a preference-based multi-objective BPO method is proposed to account for designers'decision preferences during the optimization process,making the objective more controllable,improving the optimization efficiency and ensuring the diversity of solutions.Firstly,this paper illustrates the proposed method in detail,defines the concept of performance preference,expounds the flow of the preference-based multi-objective optimization algorithm,and proposes three indicators to evaluate the algorithm,which includes convergence speed,preference satisfaction rate,and diversity measurement.Secondly,through testing and comparison,it is found that the proposed preference-based algorithm has advantages over the non-preference optimization algorithm(represented by the NSGA-II algorithm).The proposed method leads to faster convergence and higher preference satisfaction,so it is more suitable for the BPO process in the early design stage.Specially,the proposed method can achieve 100%preference satisfaction rate with only 2400 simulations,while the non-preference method can only achieve 20%preference satisfaction rate after 5800 simulations.In this paper,a preference-based multi-objective BPO method is proposed to make the optimization process closely interact with the decision-making process and make the design preferences be accounted during the BPO process,thereby improving the optimization efficiency.In addition,this study first proposes two indicators to measure the quality of optimization results:preference satisfaction rate and diversity measurement.This study aims to guide the development of BPO methods towards providing high satisfaction rate and high quality optimization results. | Borong Lin Hongzhong Chen Yanchen Liu Qiushi He Ziwei Li | 2021 | Building Simulation2021，14，3： | 3 |
| 16 | An exploratory study of three-dimensional MP-PIC-based simulation of bubbling fluidized beds with and without baffles显示文摘 | Shuai Yang Hao Wu Weigang Lin Hongzhong Li Qingshan Zhua | 2018 | Particuology2018，16，4： | 3 |
| 17 | Geochemical Characteristics of Wuyang Siliceous Rocks in the Southern Margin of North China Craton and its Constraint on the Formation Environment of BIF of Tieshanmiao Formation显示文摘Precambrian banded iron formation(BIF)is one of the most important mineral resources in China,mostly abundant in the North China Craton(NCC)with relatively less common in South China.Since the BIF and siliceous rocks both originated from chemical deposition,the syngenetic BIF and Siliceous rocks can help evaluate their environment of formation.We examine here the mineralogy and geochemistry of siliceous rocks associated with the Tieshanmiao Formation BIF,aiming to decipher the conditions of formation of both BIF and Siliceous rocks in the Wuyang area in the NCC.Analysis of the geochemical characteristics of whole rock shows that the Si O2 content of the siliceous rock ranges from 90.11%to 94.85%and is relatively high overall.Trace element contents of Ba and U are also high,the Ba/Sr ratio ranges from 3.89 to 25.28 and the U/Th ratio ranges from 0.09 to 0.20.Finally,theΣREE value of rare earth elements ranges from 57.03 ppm to 152.59 ppm,and these indexes all indicate that siliceous rock resulted from hydrothermal deposition.Plots of Al2 O3-Si O2,Si O2/(K2 O+Na2 O)-Mn O2/Ti O2 and Mn-10×(Cu+Co+Ni)-Fe in discrimination diagrams also verify this interpretation.However,both the Mg O content,ranging from 0.16 to 0.32,and the Fe/Ti ratio,ranging from 2.50 to 9.72,suggest that terrigenous material was added during the depositional process.Major and trace element parameters of siliceous rock,such as the Al/(A1+Fe+Mn)ratio(from 0.81 to 0.93),Mn O/Ti O2(from 0.00 to 0.17),Al/(Al+Fe)(from 0.82 to 0.93),Sc/Th ratio(from 0.21 to 0.50),U/Th(from 0.09 to 0.20),(La/Yb)N(from 0.83 to 3.04),and the(La/Ce)N(from 0.01 to 0.02)all imply that the siliceous rock formed in a continental margin.In addition,the Sr/Ba ratio from 0.08 to 0.26,theδCe value from 0.31 to 0.90,and theδEu value from 0.14 to 0.58,all indicate that the siliceous rock was formed at a relatively deeper water depth and under weak hydrodynamic conditions.Siliceous rock and BIF formed in the same geological setting,with the Si O2/(K2 O+Na2 O)ratio of siliceous rock ranging from 28.61 to 47.43,the Si O2/Al2 O3 ratio from 16.53 to 32.37,and the Si O2/Mg O ratio from 287.28 to 592.81,which are all in agreement with chemical deposition associated with volcanic eruptions.The Al2 O3/Ti O2 ratio from 37.82 to 50.30 indicates that the magma source of siliceous rock was of slightly intermediate composition.During the Late Archean in the Wuyang area,the high concentration and high purity Si O2 quickly precipitated from hydrothermal fluids to finally result in the accumulation of siliceous rock in a marginal sea,while the input corresponding to iron formation components was deposited to form iron formation layers,and limestone was only the product formed during the deposition intervals of siliceous rock and iron formations.In this study,the synsedimentary siliceous rocks of BIF act as a new way to provide direct evidence to understand the formation environment of BIF due to its high geochemical stability. | LI Hongzhong HE Junguo LIANG Jin YANG Fei ZHAI Mingguo ZHANG Lianchang Voudouris PANAGIOTIS | 2019 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2019，93，6： | 2 |
| 18 | Numerical analysis of residence time distribution of solids in a bubbling fluidized bed based on the modified structure-based drag model显示文摘 | Zheng Zou Yunlong Zhao Hu Zhao Hongzhong Li Qingshan Zhu Zhaohui Xie Yingbo Li | 2017 | Particuology2017，15，3： | 2 |
| 19 | Bayesian estimation of a power law process with incomplete data显示文摘Due to the simplicity and flexibility of the power law process,it is widely used to model the failures of repairable systems.Although statistical inference on the parameters of the power law process has been well developed,numerous studies largely depend on complete failure data.A few methods on incomplete data are reported to process such data,but they are limited to their specific cases,especially to that where missing data occur at the early stage of the failures.No framework to handle generic scenarios is available.To overcome this problem,from the point of view of order statistics,the statistical inference of the power law process with incomplete data is established in this paper.The theoretical derivation is carried out and the case studies demonstrate and verify the proposed method.Order statistics offer an alternative to the statistical inference of the power law process with incomplete data as they can reformulate current studies on the left censored failure data and interval censored data in a unified framework.The results show that the proposed method has more flexibility and more applicability. | HU Junming HUANG Hongzhong LI Yanfeng | 2021 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics2021，32，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Study on the flow of finepowders from hoppers connected to a moving-bed standpipewith negative pressure gradient 显示文摘 | Jing Shan Li Hongzhong | 1999 | Powder Technology1999，101，： | 1 |
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