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| 1 | An upper ocean response to Typhoon Bolaven analyzed with Argo profiling floats显示文摘In situ observations from Argo profiling floats combined with satellite retrieved SST and rain rate are used to investigate an upper ocean response to Typhoon Bolaven from 20 through 29 August 2012. After the passage of Typhoon Bolaven, the deepening of mixed layer depth(MLD), and the cooling of mixed layer temperature(MLT) were observed. The changes in mixed layer salinity(MLS) showed an equivalent number of increasing and decreasing because the typhoon-induced salinity changes in the mixed layer were influenced by precipitation, evaporation, turbulent mixing and upwelling of thermocline water. The deepening of the MLD and the cooling of the MLT indicated a significant rightward bias, whereas the MLS was freshened to the left side of the typhoon track and increased on the other side. Intensive temperature and salinity profiles observed by Iridium floats make it possible to view response processes in the upper ocean after the passage of a typhoon. The cooling in the near-surface and the warming in the subsurface were observed by two Iridium floats located to the left side of the cyclonic track during the development stage of the storm, beyond the radius of maximum winds relative to the typhoon center. Water salinity increases at the base of the mixed layer and the top of the thermocline were the most obvious change observed by those two floats. On the right side of the track and near the typhoon center when the typhoon was intensified, the significant cooling from sea surface to a depth of 200×104 Pa, with the exception of the water at the top of the thermocline, was observed by the other Iridium float. Owing to the enhanced upwelling near the typhoon center, the water salinity in the near-surface increased noticeably. The heat pumping from the mixed layer into the thermocline induced by downwelling and the upwelling induced by the positive wind stress curl are the main causes for the different temperature and salinity variations on the different sides of the track. It seems that more time is required for the anomalies in the subsurface to be restored to pretyphoon conditions than for the anomalies in the mixed layer. | LIU Zenghong XU Jianping SUN Chaohui WU Xiaofen | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，11： | 23 |
| 2 | China Argo project:progress in China Argo ocean observations and data applications显示文摘This paper reviews the current achievements of the China Argo project. It considers aspects of both the construction of the Argo observing array, float technology, and the quality control and sharing of its data. The developments of associated data products and data applications for use in the fields of ocean, atmosphere, and climate research are discussed, particularly those related to tropical cyclones(typhoons), ocean circulation,mesoscale eddies, turbulence, oceanic heat/salt storage and transportation, water masses, and operational oceanic/atmospheric/climatic forecasts and predictions. Finally, the challenges and opportunities involved in the long-term maintenance and sustained development of the China Argo ocean observation network are outlined.Discussion also focuses on the necessity for increasing the number of floats in the Indian Ocean and for expanding the regional Argo observation network in the South China Sea, together with the importance of promoting the use of Argo data by the maritime countries of Southeast Asia and India. | LIU Zenghong WU Xiaofen XU Jianping LI Hong LU Shaolei SUN Chaohui CAO Minjie | 2017 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2017，36，6： | 10 |
| 3 | Lithium-based ionic liquids as novel lubricant additives for multiply alkylated cyclopentanes(MACs)显示文摘Two lithium-based ionic liquids(ILs,L-C3N3,and L-P3N3)were synthesized and evaluated as novel lubricant additives for multiply alkylated cyclopentanes(MACs).They were found to be approximately 1.0%soluble in MACs at room temperature(RT),whereas traditional ILs,such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate(L-B102),1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate(L-P106),and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide(L-F102),could not be dissolved in this base oil.Friction tests indicated that these ILs exhibit excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties both at RT and at 100°C.They can improve the tribological properties of MACs at RT to a greater extent than the commonly used lubricant zinc dialkyldithiophosphate(T204),even at a concentration of 0.1%.The load ramp test showed that MACs with L-C3N3 and L-P3N3 also exhibit high load-carrying capabilities.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS)results indicated that physical adsorption and complex tribochemical reactions occurred between the ILs and metal surfaces during the sliding process,thereby forming a surface protective film that significantly contributed to the excellent tribological properties of the new ILs. | Zenghong SONG Yongmin LIANG Mingjin FAN Feng ZHOU Weimin LIU | 2013 | Friction2013，1，3： | 7 |
| 4 | Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea with an anticyclonic eddy: evidence from underwater glider observation显示文摘In this study, high-resolution temperature and salinity data obtained from three Sea-Wing underwater gliders were used together with satellite altimeter data to track the vertical thermohaline structure of an anticyclonic eddy that originated from the loop current of the Kuroshio southwest of Taiwan, China. One of the gliders crossed the entire eddy and it observed a remarkable warm anomaly of as much as 3.9℃ extending to 500 dbar from the base of the mixed layer. Conversely, a positive salinity anomaly was found to be above 200 dbar only in the anticyclonic eddy, with a maximum value of >0.5 in the mixed layer. Below the mixed layer, water of higher salinity (>34.7) was found, which could have been preserved through constrained vertical mixing within the anticyclonic eddy. The salinity in the upper layer of the anticyclonic eddy was much similar to that of the northwestern Pacific Ocean than the northern South China Sea, reflecting Kuroshio intrusion with anticyclonic eddy shedding from the loop current. | LIU Zenghong CHEN Xingrong YU Jiancheng XU Dongfeng SUN Chaohui | 2019 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2019，37，5： | 7 |
| 5 | Variation of Indo-Pacific upper ocean heat content during 2001–2012 revealed by Argo显示文摘Understanding of the temporal variation of oceanic heat content(OHC) is of fundamental importance to the prediction of climate change and associated global meteorological phenomena. However, OHC characteristics in the Pacific and Indian oceans are not well understood. Based on in situ ocean temperature and salinity profiles mainly from the Argo program, we estimated the upper layer(0–750 m) OHC in the Indo-Pacific Ocean(40°S–40°N, 30°E–80°W). Spatial and temporal variability of OHC and its likely physical mechanisms are also analyzed. Climatic distributions of upper-layer OHC in the Indian and Pacific oceans have a similar saddle pattern in the subtropics, and the highest OHC value was in the northern Arabian Sea. However, OHC variabilities in the two oceans were different. OHC in the Pacific has an east-west see-saw pattern, which does not appear in the Indian Ocean. In the Indian Ocean, the largest change was around 10°S. The most interesting phenomenon is that, there was a long-term shift of OHC in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during 2001–2012. Such variation coincided with modulation of subsurface temperature/salinity. During 2001–2007, there was subsurface cooling(freshening)nearly the entire upper 400 m layer in the western Pacific and warming(salting) in the eastern Pacific. During2008–2012, the thermocline deepened in the western Pacific but shoaled in the east. In the Indian Ocean, there was only cooling(upper 150 m only) and freshening(almost the entire upper 400 m) during 2001–2007. The thermocline deepened during 2008–2012 in the Indian Ocean. Such change appeared from the equator to off the equator and even to the subtropics(about 20°N/S) in the two oceans. This long-term change of subsurface temperature/salinity may have been caused by change of the wind field over the two oceans during 2001–2012, in turn modifying OHC. | WU Xiaofen LIU Zenghong LIAO Guanghong WU Lingjuan | 2015 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2015，34，5： | 5 |
| 6 | Several significant hydrographic characteristics and their formation mechanism in the South China Sea during the spring and summer of 1998显示文摘On the basis of the CTD data obtained by the two cruises before and after summer monsoon burst (25th May, 1998), several significant hydrographic characteristics, their variation and formation mechanism in the South China Sea (SCS) are analyzed. The results show that the Kuroshio water intrudes into the SCS in the form of loop current, and its main part is limited to the east of 118°E near the Luzon Strait. Then it continuously extends westwards under the influence of the large-scale circulation, and has a distinct impact on the area north of 16°N. There are two high temperature and low salinity regions:west off Luzon and east off Vietnam respectively. One region west off Luzon strengthens obviously after summer monsoon burst, the other east off Vietnam shows a tendency of weakening in the north and strengthening in the south. The formation of these two high temperature and low salinity regions is related to the anti-cyclonic eddies existing in this area, besides, it is also related to the high temperature feature west of Luzon, the influx of Sulu Sea water and the influence of the large-scale air circulation. There is a cold region below the depth of 50 m in the south of Zhongsha Islands, and it strengthens after monsoon burst. The formation of cold water is related to the upwelling there. | Xu Jianping 1,2,Chai Fei 2,3,Liu Zenghong 1,2,Zhu Bokang 1,2 1.Second Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,Hangzhou 310012,China. 2.Key Laboratory of Ocean Dynamic Processes and Satellite Oceanography of State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China 3.School of Marine Science, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5741,USA | 2003 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2003，22，4： | 5 |
| 7 | Real-time quality control of data from Sea-Wing underwater glider installed with Glider Payload CTD sensor显示文摘Profiles observed by Sea-Wing underwater gliders are widely applied in scientific research. However, the quality control(QC) of these data has received little attention. The mismatch between the temperature probe and conductivity cell response times generates erroneous salinities, especially across a strong thermocline. A sensor drift may occur owing to biofouling and biocide leakage into the conductivity cell when a glider has operated for several months. It is therefore critical to design a mature real-time QC procedure and develop a toolbox for the QC of Sea-Wing glider data. On the basis of temperature and salinity profiles observed by several Sea-Wing gliders each installed with a Sea-Bird Glider Payload CTD sensor, a real-time QC method including a thermal lag correction, Argo-equivalent real-time QC tests, and a simple post-processing procedure is proposed. The method can also be adopted for Petrel gliders. | Zenghong Liu Jianping Xu Jiancheng Yu | 2020 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2020，39，3： | 4 |
| 8 | Significant salinity increase in subsurface waters of the South China Sea during 2016–2017显示文摘The South China Sea(SCS) is the largest semi-enclosed marginal sea in the North Pacific. Salinity changes in the SCS play an important role in regional and global ocean circulation and the hydrological cycle. However, there are few studies on salinity changes over the SCS due to lack of high-quality and long-term observations. In the past decade, the deployment of floats from the Argo program in the SCS and their accumulated temperature and salinity profiles have made it possible for us to examine salinity changes over the entire basin. In this study,salinity changes were investigated with Argo and underwater glider temperature and salinity observations and gridded temperature–salinity objective analyses(UK Met Office Hadley Centre EN4.2.1 objective analysis and China Argo Real-time Data Center BOA_Argo). The results indicated that the subsurface water in the entire SCS became significantly saltier during 2016–2017. The most significant salinity increase was found during 2016 in the northeastern SCS. The subsurface water in the northeastern SCS exhibited a salinity maximum above 35, which was recorded by three Argo floats during 2015–2016. Such high salinity water was rarely observed and reported prior to the Argo era. Average salinity of 2016–2017 along the 25.5σ_θ–23.5σ_θ isopycnal surfaces in the whole SCS is 0.014-0.130 higher than the climatology. Increases in subsurface salinity started from the northeastern SCS and extended southwestward gradually. Moreover, the subsurface salinity changes, especially in the northern SCS,exhibited a semiannual lead behind the subsurface Luzon Strait transport. Further analysis indicated that the predominance of advection, driven by subsurface Luzon Strait transport, led to salinification along the western boundary of the SCS. In other parts of the SCS, negative wind stress curl trends tended to preserve the high salinity characteristics of the subsurface water. | Xingrong Chen Zenghong Liu Haiyan Wang Dongfeng Xu Lei Wang | 2019 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2019，38，11： | 2 |
| 9 | Annual and interannual variations of the Western Pacific Warm Pool volume and sources of warm water revealed by Argo data显示文摘Based on gridded Argo profile data from January 2004 to December 2010, together with the P-vector inverse method, the three-dimensional structure, annual and inter-annual variations in volume of the Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP) are studied. The variations of latitudinal and longitudinal warm water flowing into and out of the WPWP and the probable mechanism of warm water maintenance are also discussed. From the surface to the bottom, climatic WPWP tilts southward and its area decreases. The maximum depth could extend to 120 m, such that its volume could attain 1.86×1015 m3. Annual variation of the WPWP volume shows two obvious peaks that occur in June and October, whereas its inter-annual variations are related to ENSO events. Based on a climatic perspective, the warm water flowing latitudinally into the pool is about 52 Sv, which is mainly through upper layers and via the eastern boundary. Latitudinally, warm water flowing outward is about 49 Sv, and this is mainly through lower layers and via the western boundary. In contrast, along the latitude, warm water flowing into and out of the pool is about 28 Sv and 23 Sv, respectively. Annual and inter-annual variations of the net transportation of the warm water demonstrate that the WPWP mainly loses warm water in the west-east direction, whereas it receives warm water from the north-south direction. The annual variation of the volume of WPWP is highly related to the annual variation of the net warm water transportation, however, they are not closely related on inter-annual time scale. On the inter-annual time scale, influences of ENSO events on the net warm water transportation in the north-south direction are much more than that in the west-east direction. Although there are some limitations and simplifications when using the P-vector method, it could still help improve our understanding of the WPWP, especially regarding the sources of the warm water. | WU XiaoFen ZHANG QiLong LIU ZengHong | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，9： | 2 |
| 10 | The Upper Ocean response to tropical cyclones in northwestern Pacific analyzed with Argo data 显示文摘 | LIU ZENGHONG XU JIANPING ZHU BOKANG | 2007 | Chinese Journal of Oceano and Lim2007，25，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Separation of structurally related estrogens using isocratic elution pressurized capillary electrochromatography显示文摘 | Shaofeng Liu Zenghong Xie Xiaoping Wu Xucong Lin Liangqia Guo Guonan Chen | 2005 | Journal of Chromatography A2005，，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Observations of near surface current at the Luzon Strait in winter显示文摘One hundred and ninety-one Argos satellite-tracked drifters deployed at the Luzon Strait in winter during 1991 to 2004 were analyzed to understand the near surface current in northern South China Sea (SCS). Several major track patterns of these drifters have been found. There are:(1)shelf slope landing way (SLW); (2)deep basin way (DBW);(3) weak loop current pattern;(4) northward movement directly driven by the Kuroshio. These observations show the effects of the basin scale gyre circulation, mesoscale eddies and the Kuroshio on the drifters'ovement. | WANG Guihua WANG Hui LIU Zenghong ZHU Bokang | 2008 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2008，27，z1： | 1 |
| 13 | Separation of structurally related estrogens using isoeratic elution pressurized capillary electrochromatography显示文摘 | LIU Shaofeng XIE Zenghong WU Xiaoping | 2005 | J Chromatogr: A2005，1092，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Separation of structurally related estrogens using isocraticelution pressurized capillary electrochromatrography显示文摘 | Shaofeng Liu Zenghong Xie Xiaoping Wu | 2005 | Journal of Chromatography A2005，，1092： | 1 |
| 15 | Influence of ENSO Events on Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific显示文摘Based on an analysis of 51-year (1965 2015) data, the influence of El Ni o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on tropical cyclone (TC) activity is examined over the western North Pacific (WNP). The total number of TCs formed in the entire WNP reduces by about 3.4 TCs per year in La Ni a years, whereas TCs have an equivalent genesis number between El Ni o years and climatology. During El Ni o years, the frequency of TC formation increases remarkably in the southeast quadrant (140 E 180 , 0 17 N) and decreases in the northwest quadrant (120 140 E, 17 30 N). During La Ni a years, TCs tend to form in the northwest and southwest quadrants (120 140 E, 0 17 N) quadrants. TCs tend to become long-lived in the peak season (from July to Septem- ber) of El Ni o years and during strong El Ni o events. TC genesis shows a southeastward positive shift in terms of lifetime and intensity during El Ni o years, thus more super TCs (winds ≥ 58.64 m s 1) are formed in the southeast quadrant. Further analysis using the genesis potential index (GPI) indicates that the interannual variations in the TC genesis and track are significantly influenced by a combination of large-scale dynamic and thermodynamic conditions. | LIU Zenghong CHEN Xingrong SUN Chaohui CAO Minjie WU Xiaofen LU Shaolei | 2019 | Journal of Ocean University of China2019，18，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Comparison of TMI and AMSR-E sea surface temperatures with Argo near-surface temperatures over the global oceans显示文摘Satellite-derived sea surface temperatures(SSTs) from the tropical rainfall measuring mission(TRMM)microwave imager(TMI) and the advanced microwave scanning radiometer for the earth observing system(AMSR-E) were compared with non-pumped near-surface temperatures(NSTs) obtained from Argo profiling floats over the global oceans. Factors that might cause temperature differences were examined, including wind speed, columnar water vapor, liquid cloud water, and geographic location. The results show that both TMI and AMSR-E SSTs are highly correlated with the Argo NSTs; however, at low wind speeds, they are on average warmer than the Argo NSTs. The TMI performs slightly better than the AMSR-E at low wind speeds, whereas the TMI SST retrievals might be poorly calibrated at high wind speeds. The temperature differences indicate a warm bias of the TMI/AMSR-E when columnar water vapor is low, which can indicate that neither TMI nor AMSR-E SSTs are well calibrated at high latitudes. The SST in the Kuroshio Extension region has higher variability than in the Kuroshio region. The variability of the temperature difference between the satellite-retrieved SSTs and the Argo NSTs is lower in the Kuroshio Extension during spring. At low wind speeds, neither TMI nor AMSR-E SSTs are well calibrated, although the TMI performs better than the AMSR-E. | CHEN Xingrong LIU Zenghong SUN Chaohui WANG Haiyan | 2017 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2017，36，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Separation of Structurally Related Estrogens Using Isocratic Elution Pressurized Capillary Electrochromatography 显示文摘 | Shaofeng Liu Zenghong Xie Xiaoping Wu | 2005 | J Chromatogr A2005，，1092： | 1 |
| 18 | On - line Coupling of Pressurized Capillary Electrochrornatography with Endcolumn Amperometri Detection for Analysis of Estrogens 显示文摘 | Shaofeng Liu Xiaoping Wu Zenghong Xie | 2005 | Electrophosis2005，26，： | 1 |
| 19 | A preliminary study on an upper ocean heat and salt content of the western Pacific warm pool region显示文摘On the basis of Argo profile data of the temperature and salinity from January 2001 to July 2014, the spatial distributions of an upper ocean heat content(OHC) and ocean salt content(OSC) of the western Pacific warm pool(WPWP) region and their seasonal and interannual variations are studied by a cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function(CSEOF) decomposition, a maximum entropy spectral analysis, and a correlation analysis.Probable reasons for variations are discussed. The results show the following.(1) The OHC variations in the subsurface layer of the WPWP are much greater than those in the surface layer. On the contrary, the OSC variations are mainly in the surface layer, while the subsurface layer varies little.(2) Compared with the OSC, the OHC of the WPWP region is more affected by El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) events. The CSEOF analysis shows that the OHC pattern in mode 1 has strong interannual oscillation, with eastern and western parts opposite in phase. The distribution of the OSC has a positive-negative-positive tripole pattern. Time series analysis shows that the OHC has three phase adjustments with the occurrence of ENSO events after 2007, while the OSC only had one such adjustment during the same period. Further analysis indicates that the OHC variations are mainly caused by ENSO events, local winds, and zonal currents, whereas the OSC variations are caused by much more complex reasons. Two of these, the zonal current and a freshwater flux, have a positive feedback on the OSC change in the WPWP region. | Xiaoxin Yang Xiaofen Wu Zenghong Liu Chunxin Yuan | 2019 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2019，38，3： | 0 |
| 20 | Erratum to: Lithium-based ionic liquids as novel lubricant additives for multiply alkylated cyclopentanes (MACs)显示文摘Erratum to Friction 1(3):222-231(2013)DOI 10.1007/s40544‐013‐0019‐x The original version of this article unfortunately contained the incorrect E‐mail address of the corresponding author Mingjin Fan on page 222,instead of farmingjin@licp.cus.cn It should read fanmingjin@licp.cas.cn. | Zenghong SONG Yongmin LIANG Mingjin FAN Feng ZHOU Weimin LIU | 2014 | Friction2014，2，4： | 0 |
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