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| 1 | Molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in rice显示文摘Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses which impose constraints to plant growth and production.Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is one of the most important staple food crops and a model monocot plant.Its production is expanding into regions that are affected by soil salinity,requiring cultivars more tolerant to saline conditions.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of such tolerance could lay a foundation for varietal improvement of salt tolerance in rice.In spite of extensive studies exploring the mechanism of salt tolerance,there has been limited progress in breeding for increased salinity tolerance.In this review,we summarize the information about the major molecular mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance in rice and further discuss the limitations in breeding for salinity tolerance.We show that numerous gene families and interaction networks are involved in the regulation of rice responses to salinity,prompting a need for a comprehensive functional analysis.We also show that most studies are based on whole-plant level analyses with only a few reports focused on tissue-and/or cell-specific gene expression.More details of salt-responsive channel and transporter activities at tissue-and cell-specific level still need to be documented before these traits can be incorporated into elite rice germplasm.Thus,future studies should focus on diversity of available genetic resources and,particular,wild rice relatives,to reincorporate salinity tolerance traits lost during domestication. | Tianxiao Chen Sergey Shabala Yanan Niu Zhong-Hua Chen Lana Shabala Holger Meinke Gayatri Venkataraman Ashwani Pareek Jianlong Xu Meixue Zhou | 2021 | The Crop Journal2021，9，3： | 11 |
| 2 | K^+ retention in leaf mesophyll, an overlooked component of salinity tolerance mechanism:A case study for barley显示文摘Plant salinity tolerance is a physiologically complex trait, with numerous mechanisms contributing to it. In this work,we show that the ability of leaf mesophyll to retain Kt represents an important and essentially overlooked component of a salinity tolerance mechanism. The strong positive correlation between mesophyll Ktretention ability under saline conditions(quantified by the magnitude of Na Cl-induced Kt efflux from mesophyll) and the overall salinity tolerance(relative fresh weight and/or survival or damage under salinity stress) was found while screening 46 barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes contrasting in their salinity tolerance. Genotypes with intrinsically higher leaf Ktcontent under control conditions were found to possess better Ktretention ability under salinity and, hence, overall higher tolerance. Contrary to previous reports for barley roots, Ktretention in mesophyll was not associated with an increased Ht-pumping in tolerant varieties but instead correlated negatively with this trait. These findingsare explained by the fact that increased Htextrusion may be needed to charge balance the activity and provide the driving force for the high affinity HAK/KUP Kttransporters required to restore cytosolic Kthomeostasis in salt-sensitive genotypes. | Honghong Wu Min Zhu Lana Shabala Meixue Zhou Sergey Shabala | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2015，57，2： | 7 |
| 3 | Hypoxia-induced increase in GABA content is essential for restoration of membrane potential and preventing ROS-induced disturbance to ion homeostasis显示文摘When plants are exposed to hypoxic conditions,the level of g-aminobutyric acid(GABA)in plant tissues increases by several orders of magnitude.The physiological rationale behind this elevation remains largely unanswered.By combining genetic and electrophysiological approach,in this work we show that hypoxia-induced increase in GABA content is essential for restoration of membrane potential and preventing ROS-induced disturbance to cytosolic K+homeostasis and Ca^(2+)signaling.We show that reduced O_(2) availability affects H+-ATPase pumping activity,leading to membrane depolarization and K+loss via outward-rectifying GORK channels.Hypoxia stress also results in H_(2)O_(2) accumulation in the cell that activates ROS-inducible Ca^(2+)uptake channels and triggers self-amplifying'ROS-Ca hub,'further exacerbating K^(+)loss via non-selective cation channels that results in the loss of the cell’s viability.Hypoxia-induced elevation in the GABA level may restore membrane potential by pH-dependent regulation of H^(+)-ATPase and/or by generating more energy through the activation of the GABA shunt pathway and TCA cycle.Elevated GABA can also provide better control of the ROS-Ca^(2+)hub by transcriptional control of RBOH genes thus preventing over-excessive H_(2)O_(2) accumulation.Finally,GABA can operate as a ligand directly controlling the open probability and conductance of K+efflux GORK channels,thus enabling plants adaptation to hypoxic conditions. | Qi Wu Nana Su Xin Huang Jin Cui Lana Shabala Meixue Zhou Min Yu Sergey Shabala | 2021 | Plant Communications2021，2，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Proto Kranz-like leaf traits and cellular ionic regulation are associated with salinity tolerance in a halophytic wild rice显示文摘Species of wild rice(Oryza spp.)possess a wide range of stress tolerance traits that can be potentially utilized in breeding climate-resilient cultivated rice cultivars(Oryza sativa)thereby aiding global food security.In this study,we conducted a greenhouse trial to evaluate the salinity tolerance of six wild rice species,one cultivated rice cultivar(IR64)and one landrace(Pokkali)using a range of electrophysiological,imaging,and whole-plant physiological techniques.Three wild species(O.latifolia,O.officinalis and O.coarctata)were found to possess superior salinity stress tolerance.The underlying mechanisms,however,were strikingly different.Na+accumulation in leaves of O.latifolia,O.officinalis and O.coarctata were significantly higher than the tolerant landrace,Pokkali.Na+accumulation in mesophyll cells was only observed in O.coarctata,suggesting that O.officinalis and O.latifolia avoid Na+accumulation in mesophyll by allocating Na+to other parts of the leaf.The finding also suggests that O.coarctata might be able to employ Na+as osmolyte without affecting its growth.Further study of Na+allocation in leaves will be helpful to understand the mechanisms of Na+accumulation in these species.In addition,O.coarctata showed Proto Kranz-like leaf anatomy(enlarged bundle sheath cells and lower numbers of mesophyll cells),and higher expression of C4-related genes(e.g.,NADPME,PPDK)and was a clear outlier with respect to salinity tolerance among the studied wild and cultivated Oryza species.The unique phylogenetic relationship of O.coarctata with C4 grasses suggests the potential of this species for breeding rice with high photosynthetic rate under salinity stress in the future. | Miing-Tiem Yong Celymar Angela Solis Samuel Amatoury Gothandapani Sellamuthu Raja Rajakani Michelle Mak Gayatri Venkataraman Lana Shabala Meixue Zhou Oula Ghannoum Paul Holford Samsul Huda Sergey Shabala Zhong-Hua Chen | 2022 | Stress Biology2022，2，1： | 0 |
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