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| 1 | Kinetic analysis of waste activated sludge hydrolysis and short-chain fatty acids production at pH 10显示文摘The accumulation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), a preferred carbon source for enhanced biological phosphorus removal microbes, was significantly improved when waste activated sludge (WAS) was fermented at pH 10. The kinetics of WAS hydrolysis and SCFAs production at pH 10 was investigated. It was observed that during WAS anaerobic fermentation the accumulation of SCFAs was limited by the hydrolysis process, and both the hydrolysis of WAS particulate COD and the accumulation of SCFAs followed first-order kinetics. The hydrolysis and SCFAs accumulation rate constants increased with increasing temperature from 10 to 35°C, which could be described by the Arrhenius equation. The kinetic data further indicated that SCFAs production at pH 10 was a biological process. Compared with the experiment of pH uncontrolled (blank test), both the rate constants of WAS hydrolysis and SCFAs accumulation at 20°C were improved significantly when WAS was fermented at pH 10. | FENG Leiyu, YAN Yuanyuan, CHEN Yinguang State key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009，21，5： | 12 |
| 2 | Co-fermentation of waste activated sludge with food waste for short-chain fatty acids production:effect of pH at ambient temperature显示文摘Effect of pH ranging from 4.0 to 11.0 on cofermentation of waste activated sludge(WAS)with food waste for short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production at ambient temperature was investigated in this study.Experimental results showed that the addition of food waste significantly improved the performance of WAS fermentation system,which resulted in the increases of SCFAs production and substrate reduction.The SCFAs production at pH 6.0,7.0,8.0,and 9.0 and fermentation time of 4 d was respectively 5022.7,6540.5,8236.6,and 7911.7 mg COD·L^(-1),whereas in the blank tests(no pH adjustment,pH 8.0(blank test 1),no food waste addition,pH 8.0(blank test 2),and no WAS addition(blank test 3))it was only 1006.9,971.1,and 1468.5 mg COD·L^(-1),respectively.The composition of SCFAs at pH from 6.0 to 9.0 was also different from other conditions and propionic acid was the most prevalent SCFA,which was followed by acetic and n-butyric acids,while acetic acid was the top product under other conditions.At pH 8.0 a higher volatile suspended solids(VSS)reduction of 16.6%for the mixture of WAS and food waste than the sole WAS indicated a synergistic effect existing in fermentation system with WAS and food waste.The influence of pH on the variations of nutrient content was also studied during anaerobic fermentation of the mixture of WAS and food waste at different pH conditions.The release of NH_(4)^(+)-N increased with fermentation time at all pH values investigated except 4.0,5.0 and in blank test one.The concentrations of soluble phosphorus at acidic pHs and in the blank test one were higher than those obtained at alkaline pHs.Ammonia and phosphorus need to be removed before the SCFAsenriched fermentation liquid from WAS and food waste was used as the carbon source. | Leiyu FENG Yuanyuan YAN Yinguang CHEN | 2011 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2011，5，4： | 8 |
| 3 | Effect of ul- trasonic specific energy on waste activated sludge solubilizationand enzyme activity显示文摘 | Yan Yuanyuan Feng Leiyu Zhang Chaojie | 2010 | African Journal of Biotechnology2010，9，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Integration of a coagulation step in a cometabolism sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of DSD acid wastewater form a reduction process 显示文摘 | Yan Yuanyuan Feng Leiyu Sun Liping | 2010 | Desalination2010，250，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as efficient and durable metal-free cathodic catalysts for oxygen reduction in microbial fuel cells显示文摘 | Feng Leiyu Yan Yuanyuan Chen Yinguang | 2011 | Energy Environ Sci2011，4，： | 1 |
| 6 | Enhanced production of short-chain fatty acid by co-fermentation of waste activated sludge and kitchen waste under alkaline conditions and its application to microbial furl cells显示文摘 | Yinguang Chen Jingyang Luo Yuanyuan Yan Leiyu Feng | 2013 | Applied Energy2013，102，： | 1 |
| 7 | Resistance index and browning mechanism of apple peel under high temperature stress显示文摘Apples are one of the most important economic crops worldwide.Because of global warming and an aggravation of environmental,abnormally high temperatures occur frequently in fruit-growing season and seriously affect normal fruit growth and reduce fruit quality and yield.We took five-year-old Ruixue’(Qinfu 1×Pink Lady;CNA20151469.1) fruits as test materials,and the ambient temperature during fruit development was monitored.The results showed that during the fruit-growing season,especially during the rapid growth stage (July to August),the maximum daily temperature exceeded 30℃ and lasted for more than 40 days.To determine the effects of high temperature stress on the apple fruit resistance,we treated expanding,veraison,and maturity-period fruits at different temperatures.It was found that the fruits of the expanding period showed strong resistance to high temperature stress,whereas during veraison and maturity,fruit resistance to high temperature stress decreased,and the fruit peel browning phenotype appeared.Meanwhile,the content of malonaldehyde (MDA),hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)),and superoxide anion (O._(2)^(-)) in the peel gradually increased with increasing temperature.The content of total phenols,flavanol,and flavonoids in the peel decreased substantially at 45℃.Moreover,it was found that polyphenol oxidase gene (MdPPO1) was most sensitive to high temperature stress in apple.Furthermore,transient and stable MdPPO1 overexpression significantly promoted peel browning.The transgenic materials were more sensitive to high temperatures,and browning was more severe compared to non-genetically modified organism (WT).Stable MdPPO1 knockout calli obtained via clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) gene knockout technology reduced the browning phenotype,and the resultant fruits were not sensitive to the effects of high temperature stress.Thus,MdPPO1 expression may be a key factor of high temperature-related changes observed in the browning phenotype that provides a scientific theoretical basis for the selection of high temperature-resistant varieties and apple cultivation and management in the future. | Hui Wang Shuhui Zhang Zidun Wang Dongmei Li Leiyu Yan Yifeng Feng Xiaojie Liu Rongxin Chen Wenmin Fan Lulong Sun Zhengyang Zhao | 2024 | Horticultural Plant Journal2024，10，2： | 0 |
| 8 | Comparisons of drug efficacy and time-effect among magnesium valproate,sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet and depakine chrono for epilepsy An experiment of determining cortical convulsive threshold in rats undergoing electrical stimulation显示文摘BACKGROUND: Scholars have investigated the differences in drug metabolism and pharmacodynamics between valproate and its sustained-release tablets only from the angle of pharmaceutical sciences or clinical practice. Whether the fact that differences in drug efficacy and time-effect of different doses of valproate and different types of sustained-release valproate tablets at the same concentration can be quantitatively reflected by determining the changes in convulsive threshold pre-and post-administration in rat models of determining the convulsive threshold developed by direct cortical electrical stimulation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the drug efficacy and time-effect among magnesium valproate, sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet and depakine chrono in the treatment of epilepsy by determining the convulsive threshold of rat models created by direct cortical electrical stimulation, and human serum drug concentration before and after administration. DESIGN: A controlled observational experiment. SETTING: Research Institute of Epilepsy, Shanxi Medical University. MATERIALS: Adult health male SD rats of clean grade, weighing 200-220 g, provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of Shanxi Medical University. The protocol was carried out in accordance with requests from Animal Ethics Committees for guidance. Magnesium valproate (Lot No. 041004) and sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet (Lot No. 050501) were produced in Hunan Xiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. METHODS: This study was carried out in the Laboratory for Epilepsy, Shanxi Medical University between June and August 2005. ①All the SD rats were created into models for determining cortical convulsive threshold. They were randomly divided into 4 groups with 20 rats in each: magnesium valproate tablet group , sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet group, depakine chrono group and control group. After being modeled, the rats in the first 3 groups were intragastrically administrated with magnesium valproate, sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet and depakine chrono, respectively, while the control group were intragastrically administrated with the same volume of normal saline. ②Convulsive threshold of each fasting rat was determined 0.5 hour before, and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14 and 24 hours after single administration, separately. ③ Convulsive threshold was determined repeatedly 2 weeks after single administration. Each rat was administrated two times daily successively. Convulsive threshold was determined 0.5 hour before, and 0.5, 2.5, 7 and 12 hours after administration, separately. ④Hepatic and renal tissues were harvested for pathological examination after 1 month of administration. ⑤Nine healthy voluntary medical stuffs were recruited in this study. Written informed consents of experiment were obtained each involved subject. The study was given an approval by the Ethics Committee of Shanxi Medical University. According to the scheme, the 9 volunteers were randomly assigned into 3 groups, in which, volunteers were asked to take magnesium valproate 500 g, sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet 500 g and depakine chrono 500 g, respectively, in the morning under the condition of fasting. Serum drug concentration of each drug was determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay at different time points. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Rat convulsive threshold after single and repeated administrations. ②Hepatic and renal pathological examination results. ③ Serum drug concentration in vivo. RESULTS:①Rat convulsive threshold after single and repeated administrations: Drug efficacy in the magnesium valproate tablet group reached to a peak level 1 to 2 hours after single administration, and was obviously higher than that in the other groups 1 hour after administration (P < 0.05). Drug efficacy in the sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet group and depakine chrono group both reached to a peak level 7 hours after administration, and was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After repeated administrations, the average peak valley deviation of the convulsive threshold in the magnesiumvalproate tablet group was 120-150 μA, which was 2 and 2.5 times as that in the sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet group and depakine chrono group, respectively. After repeated administrations for 10 times, convulsive threshold was increased by 440μA in the sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet group, and by 230 μA in the depakine chrono group in comparison with before administration. ② Hepatic and renal pathological examination results: No obvious differences in hepatic and renal impairment were found among the 4 groups after 1 month of administration successively. ③ Serum drug concentration in vivo: Serum-drug concentration of magnesium valproate was increased fast and reached to a peak level 0.5-2 hours after administration, remained at a relatively stable level 2-4 hours after administration, and then was slowly decreased. The drug efficacy of sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet and depakine chrono was slowly released 1-6 hours after administration, reached to a peak level at about 7 hours, and could last for about 16 hours. CONCLUSION: Magnesium valproate has a rapid onset and offset of action. Sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet has a slow onset but long duration of drug efficacy. Depakine chrono can be easier to be absorbed than sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet, but its long-term effect on improving the convulsive threshold is inferior to sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet. | Leiyu Geng Yuxi Liu Shurong Yan Jiali Xu | 2007 | Neural Regeneration Research2007，2，12： | 0 |
| 9 | Enabling nickel ferrocyanide nanoparticles for highperformance ammonium ion storage显示文摘Prussian blue and its analogs are extensively investigated as a cathode for ammonium-ion batteries.However,they often suffer from poor electronic conductivity.Here,we report a Ni_(2)Fe(CN)_(6)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite electrode material,which is prepared using a simple coprecipitation approach.The obtained material consists of nanoparticles with sizes 30-50 nm and the multiwalled carbon nanotube embedded in it.The existence of multiwalled carbon nanotube ensures that the Ni_(2)Fe(CN)_(6)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite shows excellent electrochemical performance,achieving a discharge capacity of 55.1 mAh·g^(-1)at 1 C and 43.2 mAh·g^(-1)even at 15 C.An increase in the ammoniumion diffusion coefficient and ionic/electron conductivity based on kinetic investigations accounts for their high performance.Furthermore,detailed ex situ characterizations demonstrate that Ni_(2)Fe(CN)_(6)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite offers three advantages:negligible lattice expansion during cycling,stable structure,and the reversible redox couple.Therefore,the Ni_(2)Fe(CN)_(6)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite presents a long cycling life and high rate capacity.Finally,our study reports a desirable material for ammonium-ion batteries and provides a practical approach for improving the electrochemical performance of Prussian blue and its analogs. | Haoxiang Yu Leiyu Fan Chenchen Deng Huihui Yan Lei Yan Jie Shu Zhen-Bo Wang | 2023 | Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering2023，17，2： | 0 |
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