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| 1 | Systematic review and meta-analysis of esophageal cancer in Africa:Epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes显示文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is associated with a poor prognosis,particularly so in Africa where an alarmingly high mortality to incidence ratio prevails for this disease.AIM To provide further understanding of EC in the context of the unique cultural and genetic diversity,and socio-economic challenges faced on the African continent.METHODS We performed a systematic review of studies from Africa to obtain data on epidemiology,risk factors,management and outcomes of EC.A non-systematic review was used to obtain incidence data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer,and the Cancer in Sub-Saharan reports.We searched EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science,and Cochrane Central from inception to March 2019 and reviewed the list of articles retrieved.Random effects metaanalyses were used to assess heterogeneity between studies and to obtain odds ratio(OR)of the associations between EC and risk factors;and incidence rate ratios for EC between sexes with their respective 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS The incidence of EC is higher in males than females,except in North Africa where it is similar for both sexes.The highest age-standardized rate is from Malawi(30.3 and 19.4 cases/year/100000 population for males and females,respectively)followed by Kenya(28.7 cases/year/100000 population for both sexes).The incidence of EC rises sharply after the age of 40 years and reaches a peak at 75 years old.Meta-analysis shows a strong association with tobacco(OR 3.15,95%CI:2.83-3.50).There was significant heterogeneity between studies on alcohol consumption(OR 2.28,95%CI:1.94-2.65)and on low socioeconomic status(OR 139,95%CI:1.25-1.54)as risk factors,but these could also contribute to increasing the incidence of EC.The best treatment outcomes were with esophagectomy with survival rates of 76.6%at 3 years,and chemo-radiotherapy with an overall combined survival time of 267.50 d.CONCLUSION Africa has high incidence and mortality rates of EC,with preventable and nonmodifiable risk factors.Men in this setting are at increased risk due to their higher prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption.Management requires a multidisciplinary approach,and survival is significantly improved in the setting of esophagectomy and chemoradiation therapy. | Akwi W Asombang Nathaniel Chishinga Alick Nkhoma Jackson Chipaila Bright Nsokolo Martha Manda-Mapalo Joao Filipe G Montiero Lewis Banda Kulwinder S Dua | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，31： | 9 |
| 2 | Intensive blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral haemorrhage trial (INTERACT): a randomised pilot trial显示文摘 | Craig S Anderson Yining Huang Ji Guang Wang Hisatomi Arima Bruce Neal Bin Peng Emma Heeley Christian Skulina Mark W Parsons Jong Sung Kim Qing Ling Tao Yue Chun Li Jian Dong Jiang Li Wen Tai Jin Li Zhang En Xu Yan Cheng Stephane Heritier Lewis B Morgenste | 2008 | Lancet Neurology2008，，5： | 4 |
| 3 | Monitoring the total phenolic/antioxidant levels in wine using flow injection analysis with acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence detection 显示文摘 | COSTIN J W BARNETT N W LEWIS S W | 2003 | AnalChimActa2003，499，： | 1 |
| 4 | Fiscal sustainability in a New Keynesian model 显示文摘 | Leith C Lewis S W | 2013 | Journal of Money Credit and Banking2013，45，8： | 1 |
| 5 | Dopaminergic basis for deficits in working memory but not attentional set-shifting in Parkinson' s disease 显示文摘 | Lewis S J Slabosz A Robbins T W | 2005 | Neuropsychologia2005，43，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Vertical nitrite fluxes in the oligotrophic ocean显示文摘 | Lewis M R Harrison W G Oakey N S | 1986 | Science1986，234，： | 1 |
| 7 | Tackling antibiotic resistance显示文摘 | Bush K Courvalin P Dantas G Davies J Eisenstein B Huovinen P Jacoby GA Kishony R Kreiswirth BN Kutter E Lerner SA Levy S Lewis K Lomovskaya O Miller JH Mobashery S Piddock LJ Projan S Thomas CM Tomasz A Tulkens PM Walsh TR Watson JD Witkowski J Witte W Wr | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Numerical comparison of a deformable discrete element model and an equivalent continuum analysis for the compaction of ductile porous material显示文摘 | Ransing R S Lewis R W | 2001 | Computers and Structures2001，79，： | 1 |
| 9 | Model for prediction of matrix microstructure for carbon/carbon composites prepared by forced flow-thermal gradient CVI显示文摘 | Lewis J S Lackey W J Vaidyaraman S | 1997 | Carbon1997，35，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Mercury Levels in Eggs, Tissues, and Feathers of Herring Gulls Larus argentatus From the German Wadden Sea Coast 显示文摘 | LEWIS S A BECKER P H FURNESS R W | 1993 | Environmental Pollution1993，80，3： | 1 |
| 11 | A critical review of the systolic time intervals显示文摘 | Lewis R Rittogers S Froester W | 1977 | Circulation1977，56，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Innovation- supportive culture : The impact of organizational values on process innovation 显示文摘 | KHAZANCHI S LEWIS M W BOYER K K | 2007 | Journal of Operations Management2007，，25： | 1 |
| 13 | A Semi-analytical Approach for Solving Forced Vibration Problems Based on Convolu-tion-type Variational Principle显示文摘 | Peng J S Zhang J Y Lewis R W | 1996 | Computers and Structures1996，59，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Analytical methodology for the determination ofurea:current practice and future trends显示文摘 | Francis P S Lewis S W Lim K F | 2002 | Trac trends in analytical chemistry2002，21，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Tension membranes modelled by curvi-linear bicubic splines显示文摘 | Brew J S Lewis W J | 2007 | International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering2007，72，： | 1 |
| 16 | Innovation-support- ive culture: the impact of organizational values on process innovation 显示文摘 | Khazanchi S Lewis M W Boyer K K | 2007 | Journal of Operations Management2007，25，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Prognostic significance of alarm symptoms in patients with gastric cancer显示文摘 | Stephens M R Lewis W G White S | 2005 | Br J Surg2005，92，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Anisotropic models to account for large borehole washout to estimate gas hydrate saturations in the Gulf of Mexico Joint Industry Project Leg II Alaminos Gan yon 21 B well显示文摘 | Lee M W Collett T S Lewis K A | 2012 | Marine and Petroleum Geology2012，34，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Innovationsupportive culture:The impact of organizational values on process innovation显示文摘 | Khazanchi S Lewis M W Boyer K K | 2007 | Journal of Operations Management2007，25，4： | 1 |
| 20 | On the relationship between implicit and explicit modes in the learning of a complex rule structure显示文摘 | Kassin S M Lewis S Cantor G W | 1980 | Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Learning and Memory1980，6，： | 1 |
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