| 1 | Occurrence of retained placenta is preceded by an inflammatory state and alterations of energy metabolism in transition dairy cows显示文摘Background: Failure to expel fetal membranes within 24 h of calving is a pathological condition defined as retained placenta(RP). The objective of this investigation was to evaluate whether there are alterations in several selected serum variables related to innate immunity and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism that precede occurrence of RP in transition Holstein dairy cows.Methods: One hundred multiparous Holstein dairy cows were involved in the study. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein during the-8 to +4 wks around parturition, once per week before the morning feeding.Six healthy control cows(CON) and 6 cows with RP were selected and serum samples at-8,-4, time of diagnosis of disease, and +4 wks relative to parturition were used for analyses. All samples were analyzed for lactate, nonesterified fatty acids(NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate(BHBA), interleukin-1(IL-1), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor(TNF), haptoglobin(Hp), and serum amyloid A(SAA).Results: Cows with RP had greater concentrations of serum lactate, IL-1, IL-6, TNF, and SAA in comparison with CON cows. Intriguingly, elevated concentrations of all five variables were observed at-8 and-4 wks before the occurrence of RP compared to healthy cows. Cows with RP also had lower DMI and milk production vs CON animals; however milk composition was not affected by RP.Conclusions: Cows with RP showed an activated innate immunity 8 wks prior to diagnosis of disease. Overall results suggest that serum IL-1, IL- 6, and TNF, and lactate can be used as screening biomarkers to indicate cows that might have health issues during the transition period. | Elda Dervishi Guanshi Zhang Dagnachew Hailemariam Suzana M.Dunn Burim N.Ametaj | 2016 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2016，7，3： | 2 |
| 3 | High affinity soluble ILT2 receptor:a potent inhibitor of CD8^(+)T cell activation显示文摘Using directed mutagenesis and phage display on a soluble fragment of the human immunoglobulin superfamily receptor ILT2(synonyms:LIR1,MIR7,CD85j),we have selected a range of mutants with binding affinities enhanced by up to 168,000-fold towards the conserved region of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)class I molecules.Produced in a dimeric form,either by chemical cross-linking with bivalent polyethylene glycol(PEG)derivatives or as a genetic fusion with human IgG Fc-fragment,the mutants exhibited a further increase in ligand-binding strength due to the avidity effect,with resident half-times(t1/2)on the surface of MHC I-positive cells of many hours.The novel compounds antagonized the interaction of CD8 co-receptor with MHC I in vitro without affecting the peptide-specific binding of T-cell receptors(TCRs).In both cytokine-release assays and cell-killing experiments the engineered receptors inhibited the activation of CD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)in the presence of their target cells,with subnanomolar potency and in a dose-dependent manner.As a selective inhibitor of CD8^(+)CTL responses,the engineered high affinity ILT2 receptor presents a new tool for studying the activation mechanism of different subsets of CTLs and could have potential for the development of novel autoimmunity therapies. | Ruth K.Moysey Yi Li Samantha J.Paston Emma E.Baston Malkit S.Sami Brian J.Cameron Jessie Gavarret Penio Todorov Annelise Vuidepot Steven M.Dunn Nicholas J.Pumphrey Katherine J.Adams Fang Yuan Rebecca E.Dennis Deborah H.Sutton Andy D.Johnson Joanna E.Brewer Rebecca Ashfield Nikolai M.Lissin Bent K.Jakobsen | 2010 | Protein & Cell2010，1，12： | 1 |
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