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| 1 | 重症监护中静脉应用胺碘酮:是重新评价的时候吗?显示文摘胺碘酮目前主要用作广谱抗心律失常药物.临床上普遍认为它是一种有效且短期使用无严重不良反应的药物,常作为治疗房性快速型心律失常的首选或次选药物.本篇将概述目前所知的关于胺碘酮的资料,并且对其在不同人群中的有效性及安全性进行评价.令人吃惊的是,在急性发作的心房纤颤患者还少有与安慰剂的对照研究.与其他药物的比较研究表明,胺碘酮具有广泛的有效性,多数情况下是有效的.长时间使用胺碘酮后出现的毒性是一个人所共知的问题,但是最近发现危重患者短期使用后也出现了致命的肺部毒性.因此需要对危重患者使用胺碘酮的方式进行再评价. | M.Hughes A.Binning 梁黔生 | 2001 | 德国医学2001，18，4： | 2 |
| 2 | Assemblage-based biomonitoring of freshwater ecosystem health via multimetric indices:A critical review and suggestions for improving their applicability显示文摘Freshwater biota are more comprehensive and direct indicators of biological impacts,and more meaningful to the public than water quality or physical habitat surrogates.Freshwater biotic data and the multiple biological indicators developed from them offer a much richer array of data for assessing the impacts of pollution controls than a limited set of physical or chemical measures.In recent decades,assemblage-based assessments by ecologists,environmental scientists,and water quality agencies have been employed globally for determining the condition of,and threats to,freshwater ecosystems.A key step in this advance has been the development of multimetric indices(MMIs)or indices of biotic integrity(IBIs)based on quantitative assessments of algae,macrophyte,macroinvertebrate,fish or riparian bird assemblages.In Europe,where biological assemblages are mandated for assessing freshwater ecosystem health,many indices are multimetric.However,the proliferation of MMIs globally has not always occurred through the application of rigorous study designs and monitoring protocols,nor have they always effectively incorporated functional metrics,stressor assessments,and statistical analyses.Therefore,in this review,we discuss eleven major concerns with the development and application(including logistical limitations)of multimetric indicators based on freshwater biota to encourage more rigorous and widely applicable(transferable)MMI use and implementation.Specifically,our concerns focus on reference conditions;sampling effort,methods,and season;trophic guild definition;metric comprehensiveness,options,screening and scoring;and MMI validation.MMIs could also benefit from increased attention to ecological mechanisms and metric development,to further improve our understanding of anthropogenic impacts as well as rehabilitation effects on freshwater ecosystems globally.Paying closer attention to study designs,ecological mechanisms and metric development should further improve our understanding of anthropogenic impacts and better facilitate rehabilitation of degraded freshwater ecosystems,as well as aiding in the conservation of healthy freshwater ecosystems globally. | Robert L.Vadas Jr. Robert M.Hughes Yeon Jae Bae Min Jeong Baek Orestes Carlos Bello Gonzáles Marcos Callisto Débora ReisdeCarvalho Kai Chen Maria T.Ferreira Pablo Fierro Jon S.Harding Dana M.Infante C.J.Kleynhans Diego R.Macedo Isabela Martins Norman Mercado Silva Nabor Moya Susan J.Nichols Paulo S.Pompeu Renata Ruaro Deborah R.O.Silva R.Jan Stevenson Bianca de Freitas Terra Christa Thirion Douglas Ticiani Lizhu Wang Chris O.Yoder | 2022 | Water Biology and Security2022，1，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Nurses and nursing assistants perception of patient safety culture in nursing homes显示文摘 | CARMEL M.HUGHES KATE L.LAPANEN | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 4 | Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey显示文摘 | R.C. Kessler A. Sonnega E. Bromet M.Hughes C.B.Nelson | | 0，，52： | 1 |
| 5 | Science to support conservation action in a large river system:The Willamette River,Oregon,USA显示文摘Management and conservation efforts that support the recovery and protection of large rivers are daunting,reflecting the complexity of the challenge and extent of effort(in terms of policy,economic investment,and spatial extent)needed to afford measurable change.These large systems have generally experienced intensive development and regulation,compromising their capacity to respond to disturbances such as climate change orwildfire.Functionally,large river and basin management require insights gained from social,ecological,geophysical,and hydrological sciences.This multidisciplinary perspective can unveil the integrated relationship between a river network's biotic community and seasonally variableenvironmental conditions that are ofteninfluencedbyhumanactivities.Large rivers andtheir basins are constantly changing due to anthropogenic influences and as climate modifies patterns of temperature and precipitation.Because of these factors,the state of knowledge must advance to address changing conditions.The Willamette River,in western Oregon,USA,is a prime example of a basin that has experienced significant degradation and investment in rehabilitation in recent decades.Innovative science has facilitated development of fine-scale,spatially extensive datasets and models that can generate targeted conservation and rehabilitation actions that are prioritized across the entire river network.This prioritization allows investment decisions to be driven by site-specific conditions while simultaneously considering potentials for ecological improvement.Here,we review hydrologic,geomorphic,ecologic,and social conditions in the Willamette River basin through time—including pre-settlement,river development,andcontemporary periods—andoffer a futurevisionfor consideration.Currently,detailed informationaboutfish populations and habitat,hydrologic conditions,geomorphology,water quality,and land use can be leveraged to make informed decisions about protection,rehabilitation,and development.The time is ripe for strategic management and goal development for the entireWillamette River,and these efforts can be informed by comprehensive science realized through established institutions(e.g.,public agencies,non-profitwatershed groups,Tribes,and universities)focusedon conservation and management.The approaches to science and social-network creation that were pioneered in the Willamette River basin offer insights into thedevelopment of comprehensive conservation-based planning that could be implemented in other large river systems globally. | Rebecca Flitcroft Luke Whitman James White Rose Wallick Laurel Stratton Garvin Cassandra Smith Robert Plotnikoff Michael Mulvey Tobias Kock Krista Jones Peter Gruendike Carolyn Gombert Guillermo Giannico Andrew Dutterer Daniel Brown Hannah Barrett Brian Bangs Robert M.Hughes | 2023 | Water Biology and Security2023，2，4： | 0 |
| 6 | Global concerns related to water biology and security:The need for language and policies that safeguard living resources versus those that dilute scientific knowledge显示文摘Increasingly,scientists and non-scientists,especially employees of government agencies,tend to use weak or equivocal language when making statements related to science policy and governmental regulation.We use recent publications to provide examples of vague language versus examples of strong language when authors write about regulating anthropogenic pressures on natural resources.Lifeless language is common in agency reports,policy documents,and even scientific papers published by academics.Such language limits success in regulating anthropogenic pressures on natural resources.This challenge must be recognized and countered as a driver of the condition of water and associated resources.We also list sources of vague wording,provide global examples of how ambiguous language and political influences have contributed to water resource degradation,discuss the recent history of science censorship,and offer possible solutions for more direct scientific discourse.We found that:(1)equivocal language was especially common in concluding statements and not only by government employees;(2)authors discussed confusing language concerns in an agency publication;and(3)agency employees sometimes used active,strong language.Key drivers of weak language include:(1)holding on to old paradigms and resisting new knowledge;(2)scientific uncertainty;(3)institutional manuscript review policies;(4)employment and funding insecurity;and(5)avoiding the appearance of advocacy.Examples associated with euphemistic language included climate change,flow and physical habitat alteration,dams,agriculture,mining,forestry,and fisheries,as well as resistance towards monitoring,assessing,and reporting ecological conditions.Suggestions for mitigating equivocal language involve employment protections and greater focus on scientific ethics.We conclude that natural resource scientists should resist calls to employ imprecise language.Instead,they should be strong advocates for prescriptive and protective natural resource actions—based on their science—to halt and reverse the systemic degradation of those resources. | Robert M.Hughes James R.Karr Robert L.Vadas Dominick A.DellaSala Marcos Callisto Maria Joao Feio Teresa Ferreira Neels Kleynhans Renata Ruaro Chris O.Yoder J.Hal Michael | 2023 | Water Biology and Security2023，2，4： | 0 |
| 7 | Mine tailings storage dams modify upstream headwater fish assemblages显示文摘Riverscape connectivity is a critically important component determining the ecological condition of lotic ecosystems.We evaluated changes in fish assemblages caused by the loss of connectivity by mine tailings storage dams(TSDs),hypothesizing that headwater fish assemblages are restructured by TSDs located downstream,even though the upstream habitats are not altered.We used standard methods to collect fish in 24 first to third order sites,with half draining to TSDs(dammed)and the other half free from this impact(undammed).To identify differences between treatments,we used PERMANOVA to test both environmental variables and ichthyofauna composition(Bray-Curtis similarity index)and evaluated the biological metrics that most influenced assemblage composition change.As expected,we observed no difference between treatments for environmental variables,but we did observe differences in fish assemblage composition.We also observed five metrics with lower values in dammed streams(richness and abundance of intolerant species,siluriform richness,and abundance of Pareiorhaphis cf.proskynita and Trichomycterus brasiliensis)and two metrics with higher values in dammed streams(perciform richness and abundance of Oligosarcus argenteus).We believe these changes resulted from of stream fragmentation by TSDs,in addition to source-sink mechanisms and conclude that mine TSDs located downstream change headwater fish assemblages,an impact often neglected in biomonitoring and bioassessment studies. | Gilberto N.Salvador Robert M.Hughes Fabio Vieira Raphael Ligeiro Luciano F.A.Montag | 2023 | Water Biology and Security2023，2，2： | 0 |
| 8 | Water Biology and Security-A new open-access platform for multidisciplinary research concerning freshwater and marine ecosystems显示文摘1.Why Water Biology and Security?Water is an essential natural resource for human survival and development,by providing ecosystem services(drinking water,aquatic foods,transportation,hydropower,biodiversity support).Globally,aquatic foods provide more than 20%of the animal protein for the world's human population,with this percentage reaching 50%in some developing countries(FAO,2020).Aquaculture has been transformed from a farming practice into a modern industry with important contributions to global food security(Gui et al.,2018;Naylor et al.,2021;Golden et al.,2021). | Jian-Fang Gui Robert M.Hughes | 2022 | Water Biology and Security2022，1，1： | 0 |
| 9 | A review of potential conservation and fisheries benefits of breaching four dams in the Lower Snake River(Washington,USA)显示文摘Abundances of important and imperiled fishes of the Snake River Basin continue to decline.We assessed the rationale for breaching the four lower Snake River Basin dams to prevent complete loss of these fishes,and to maximize their likelihood of recovery.We summarize the science surrounding Sockeye Salmon(Oncorhynchus nerka),Chinook Salmon(O.tshawytscha),steelhead(O.mykiss),Bull Trout(Salvelinus confluentus),White Sturgeon(Acipenser transmontanus),and Pacific Lamprey(Entosphenus tridentatus).From this,we drew ten conclusions:(1)development of the Columbia River System(including the Snake River Basin)has converted mainstem rivers into reservoirs,altering fish behavior and survival;(2)most populations currently record their lowest abundance;(3)the Columbia River System dams reduce productivity of diadromous fishes in the highest-quality spawning grounds that could buffer against future climate dynamics;(4)past actions have done little to reduce impacts or precipitate recovery;(5)the Columbia River System constrains survival and productivity of salmon,steelhead and Bull Trout;(6)Snake River Basin salmon and steelhead remain at high extinction risk;(7)eliminating migration impediments and improving mainstem habitats are essential for maintaining genetic diversity and improving Bull Trout persistence;(8)the lower Snake River Basin dams preclude passage of adult White Sturgeon,constraining gene flow and recruitment;(9)the lower Snake River Basin dams impede dramatically passage of adult and juvenile Pacific Lamprey,and(10)Snake River Basin Pacific Lamprey is at high risk of extirpation.Breaching the four lower Snake River Basin dams is an action likely to prevent extirpation and extinction of these fishes.Lessons from the Columbia River System can inform conservation in other impounded rivers. | Adam J.Storch Howard A.Schaller Charles E.Petrosky Robert L.Vadas Jr. Benjamin J.Clemens Gary Sprague Norman Mercado-Silva Brett Roper Michael J.Parsley Edward Bowles Robert M.Hughes Jay A.Hesse | 2022 | Water Biology and Security2022，1，2： | 0 |
| 10 | Search for two-neutrino double-beta decay of^(136)Xe to the 0^(+)_(1)excited state of 136Ba with the complete EXO-200 dataset显示文摘A new search for two-neutrino double-beta(2νββ)decay of^(136)Xe to the 0+1 excited state of 136Ba is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset.A deep learning-based convolutional neural network is used to discriminate signal from background events.Signal detection efficiency is increased relative to previous searches by EXO-200 by more than a factor of two.With the addition of the Phase II dataset taken with an upgraded detector,the median 90%confidence level half-life sensitivity of 2νββdecay to the 0+1 state of 136Ba is 2.9×10^(24)yr using a total^(136)Xe exposure of 234.1 kg yr.No statistically significant evidence for 2νββdecay to the 0^(+)_(1)state is observed,leading to a lower limit of T2ν1/2(0^(+)→0^(+)_(1))>1.4×10^(24)yr at 90%confidence level,improved by 70%relative to the current world's best constraint. | S.Al Kharusi G.Anton I.Badhrees P.S.Barbeau D.Beck V.Belov T.Bhatta M.Breidenbach T.Brunner G.F.Cao W.R.Cen C.Chambers B.Cleveland M.Coon A.Craycraft T.Daniels L.Darroch S.J.Daugherty J.Davis S.Delaquis A.Der Mesrobian-Kabakian R.DeVoe J.Dilling A.Dolgolenko M.J.Dolinski J.Echevers W.Fairbank Jr. D.Fairbank J.Farine S.Feyzbakhsh P.Fierlinger Y.S.Fu D.Fudenberg P.Gautam R.Gornea G.Gratta C.Hall E.V.Hansen J.Hoessl P.Hufschmidt M.Hughes A.Iverson A.Jamil C.Jessiman M.J.Jewell A.Johnson A.Karelin L.J.Kaufman T.Koffas R.Krücken A.Kuchenkov K.S.Kumar Y.Lan A.Larson B.G.Lenardo D.S.Leonard G.S.Li S.Li Z.Li C.Licciardi Y.H.Lin R.MacLellan T.McElroy T.Michel B.Mong D.C.Moore K.Murray O.Njoya O.Nusair A.Odian I.Ostrovskiy A.Perna A.Piepke A.Pocar F.Retière A.L.Robinson P.C.Rowson J.Runge S.Schmidt D.Sinclair K.Skarpaas A.K.Soma V.Stekhanov M.Tarka S.Thibado J.Todd T.Tolba T.I.Totev R.Tsang B.Veenstra V.Veeraraghavan P.Vogel J.-L.Vuilleumier M.Wagenpfeil J.Watkins M.Weber L.J.Wen U.Wichoski G.Wrede S.X.Wu Q.Xia D.R.Yahne L.Yang Y.-R.Yen O.Ya.Zeldovich T.Ziegler 无 | 2023 | Chinese Physics C2023，47，10： | 0 |
| 11 | Which metrics drive macroinvertebrate drift in neotropical sky island streams?显示文摘Despite long-standing interest,the mechanisms driving aquatic macroinvertebrate drift in tropical streams remain poorly understood.Therefore,the objective of this study was to evaluate which environmental metrics drive macroinvertebrate drift in neotropical sky island streams.We evaluated whether altitude,the abundance of food resources,and variations in water quality influenced macroinvertebrate drift density,diversity,richness,and functional feeding groups.An hypothesis was developed to test whether increased altitude,lower food availability(particulate organic matter),and discharge would increase the density,taxonomic richness,and diversity of drifting invertebrates.Nine headwater stream sites were sampled in the rainy and dry seasons in the Espinhaço Meridional Mountain Range(EMMR)of southeast Brazil.Samples were collected using drift nets deployed from 5:00 p.m.to 8:00 p.m.The abundance of food resources was assessed through estimates of coarse(CPOM)and fine(FPOM)particulate organic matter,and primary producers.CPOM availability was an important explanatory variable for Gathering-Collectors and Scrapers,Altitude was important for Shredders and Predators,and Filtering-Collectors were linked to water discharge,suggesting that functional group drift masses were linked to different ecosystem components.Water temperature,conductivity,dissolved oxygen,current velocity,FPOM biomass and microbasin elevation range exerted little influence on macroinvertebrate drift.Regarding taxa composition,this study also found that Baetidae and Leptohyphidae(Ephemeroptera)and Chironomidae and Simuliidae(Diptera)were the most abundant groups drifting. | Marcos Callisto Diego M.P.Castro Marden S.Linares Laryssa K.Carvalho Jose E.L.Barbosa Robert M.Hughes | 2023 | Water Biology and Security2023，2，1： | 0 |
| 12 | Leaf/shoot level ecophysiology in two broadleaf and two needle-leaf species under representative cloud regimes at alpine treeline显示文摘Aims The effects of clouds are now recognized as critically important to the understanding of climate change impacts on ecosystems.Regardless,few studies have focused specifically on the ecophysiological responses of plants to clouds.Most continental mountain ranges are characterized by common convective cloud formation in the afternoons,yet little is known regarding this influence on plant water and carbon relations.Here we compare the ecophysiology of two contrasting,yet ubiquitous growth forms,needle-leaf and broadleaf,under representative cloud regimes of the Snowy Range,Medicine Bow Mountains,southeastern Wyoming,USA.Methods Photosynthetic gas exchange,water use efficiency,xylem water potentials and micrometeorological data were measured on representative clear,overcast and partly cloudy days during the summers of 2012 and 2013 for two indigenous broadleaf(Caltha leptosepala and Arnica parryi)and two needle-leaf species(Picea engelmannii and Abies lasiocarpa)that co-occur contiguously.Important Findings Reductions in sunlight with cloud cover resulted in more dramatic declines in photosynthesis for the two broadleaf species(ca.50-70%reduction)versus the two conifers(no significant difference).In addition,the presence of clouds corresponded with lower leaf conductance,transpiration and plant water status in all species.However,the more constant photosynthesis in conifers under all cloud conditions,coupled with reduced transpiration,resulted in greater water use efficiency(ca.25%higher)than the broadleaf species.These differences appear to implicate the potential importance of natural cloud patterns in the adaptive ecophysiology of these two contrasting,but common,plant growth forms. | Adriana Sanchez Nicole M.Hughes William K.Smith | 2016 | Journal of Plant Ecology2016，9，6： | 0 |
| 13 | Tropical and subtropical streams:A synthesis显示文摘Tropical and sub-tropical streams harbor great biodiversity and are responsible for crucial ecosystem services.Intending to contribute to the understanding of how anthropogenic stressors and pressures alter functional or taxonomic diversity in biotic assemblages or processes in these systems,Water Biology and Security published eight papers.The research originated from Cameroon(Central Africa),southeastern Brazil,eastern Amazonia,and eastern China,representing eight river basins:Huai,Sui and Yishusi from east Asia;São Francisco,Doce,Jequitinhonha,and Amazon from South America;and Congo from Africa.The last two are the most biodiverse on the planet.The studied biomes included tropical rainforest and savanna,neotropical savanna and rainforest,neotropical savanna mountains,and subtropical monsoon forest.The response variables included fish assemblages(3 papers),entire macroinvertebrate assemblages or sub-groups(4 papers),and stream physical habitat structure(1 paper). | Robert M.Hughes Paulo Santos Pompeu Marcos Callisto Kai Chen Leandro Juen | 2023 | Water Biology and Security2023，2，3： | 0 |
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