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| 1 | Black carbon aerosols and their radiative properties in the Pearl River Delta region显示文摘The climatic and environmental effects of atmospheric aerosols are a hot topic in global science community, and radiative properties of the aerosols are one of the important parameters in assessing climatic change. Here we studied the black carbon concentration and absorption coefficient measured with aethalometers, scattering coefficient measured with nephelometers, and single scattering albedo derived at an atmospheric composition watch station in Guangzhou from 2004 to 2007. Our main results are as follows. The data of black carbon concentration and absorption coefficients measured with instruments cannot be directly used until they are measured in parallel with internationally accepted instruments for comparison, calibration, and reduction. After evaluation of the data, the result shows that the monthly mean of BC concentration varies 3.1―14.8 μg·m-3 and the concentration decreases by about 1 μg·m-3 in average over the four years; It is higher in the dry season with a multi-year mean of 8.9 μg/m3 and lower in the rainy season with a multi-year mean of 8.0 μg·m-3; The extreme maximum of monthly mean concentration occurred in December 2004 and extreme minimum in July 2007, and a 4-year mean is 8.4 μg·m-3. It is also shown that monthly mean scattering coefficient derived varies 129 -565 Mm-1, monthly mean absorption coefficient 32-139 Mm-1, and monthly mean single scattering albedo 0.71-0.91, with annual mean values of 0.80, 0.82, 0.79 and 0.84 for 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Three instruments were used to take simultaneous measurements of BC in PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 and the results showed that PM2.5 took up about 90% of PM10 and PM1 accounted for about 68% of PM2.5, and BC aerosols are mainly present in fine particulates. The variability of BC concentrations is quite consistent between the Nancun station (141 m above sea level) and the Panyu station (13 m above sea level), which are 8 km apart from each other. The concentration in higher altitude station (Panyu) is consistently lower than the lower altitude station (Nancun), and the difference of annual mean is about 4 μg·m-3. | WU Dui MAO JieTai DENG XueJiao TIE XueXi ZHANG YuanHang ZENG LiMin LI Fei TAN HaoBo BI XueYan HUANG XiaoYing CHEN Jing DENG Tao | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，8： | 58 |
| 2 | Influence of aerosol on regional precipitation in North China显示文摘The possible anthropogenic aerosol effect on regional precipitation is analyzed based on the historical data of precipitation and visibility of North China. At first, the precipitation amounts from 1960 to 1979 are considered as natural background values in our study for relatively less intensive industrial activi- ties and light air pollution during that period of time, then the region is divided into different subregions by applying the clustering method including the significance test of station rainfall correlations to the time series of 10-day mean rainfall amounts in this period. Based on the rule that the precipitation characteristics are similar in the same clustering region, the correlation of precipitation amounts among all stations in each region is thus established. Secondly, for the period from 1990 to 2005, during which, the economy had experienced a rapid development in this region, the variations of visibility at each station are analyzed. The stations with the absolute change in visibility less than 0.1 km/a are used as the reference stations, at which it is assumed that precipitation has not been seriously influ- enced by anthropogenic aerosols. Then the rainfall amounts of reference stations are used to estimate the natural precipitation values of the other stations in each clustering region. The difference between estimated precipitation and measured precipitation amount is thought to result from changes in an- thropogenic aerosols. These changes in precipitation amounts caused by anthropogenic aerosols at each station are calculated using the 10-day mean rainfall values from 1990 to 2005. The analysis re- sults obtained with this method are remarkable if it passes the significance test, and therefore, the suppression of regional precipitation over the region by anthropogenic aerosol is proved. It is found that this effect is most remarkable in summer. The influence of anthropogenic aerosols on convective precipitation possibly plays an important role in this season. | DUAN Jing MAO JieTai | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，3： | 11 |
| 3 | Study on variational aerosol fields over Beijing and its adjoining areas derived from Terra-MODIS and ground sunphotometer observation显示文摘This paper presents a comprehensive observa-tion technique on derived aerosols data from mobile sun-photometer graph and Terra-Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observation. Research results suggest that after being treated by the variational technique with respect to sunphotometer observations, the Terra- MODIS remote sensing aerosol data are remarkably im-proved, thus for the first time revealing features of the influ-ence of aerosols and pollution emissions of Beijing and its adjoining areas (Hebei, Shandong, etc. provinces). The re-gional impact features of aerosols are related with the pe-ripheral U-shape topography of Beijing. Analyses with Hy-brid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT-4) and meteorological data in the case studied confirm the pollutants diffusion process along the trajectory from the sources in the south-west region, and the regional aerosol impact features. | XU Xiangde ZHOU Xiuji WENG Yonghui TIAN Guoliang LIU Yujie YAN Peng DING Guoan ZHANG Yuxiang MAO Jietai QIU Hong | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，18： | 7 |
| 4 | Quantifying the Cloud Water Resource:Basic Concepts and Characteristics显示文摘The water in the air is composed of water vapor and hydrometeors,which are inseparable in the global atmosphere.Precipitation basically comes from hydrometeors instead of directly from water vapor,but hydrometeors are rarely focused on in previous studies.When assessing the maximum potential precipitation,it is necessary to quantify the total amount of hydrometeors present in the air within an area for a certain period of time.Those hydrometeors that have not participated in precipitation formation in the surface,suspending in the atmosphere to be exploited,are defined as the cloud water resource(CWR).Based on the water budget equations,we defined 16 terms(including 12 independent ones)respectively related to the hydrometeors,water vapor,and total water substance in the atmosphere,and 12 characteristic variables related to precipitation and CWR such as precipitation efficiency(PE)and renewal time(RT).Correspondingly,the CWR contributors are grouped into state terms,advection terms,and source/sink terms.Two methods are developed to quantify the CWR(details of which are presented in the companion paper)with satellite observations,atmospheric reanalysis data,precipitation products,and cloud resolving models.The CWR and related variables over North China in April and August 2017 are thus derived.The results show that CWR has the same order of magnitude as surface precipitation(Ps).The hydrometers converted from water vapor(Cvh)during the condensation process is the primary source of precipitation.It is highly correlated with Ps and contributes the most to the CWR over a large region.The state variables and advection terms of hydrometeors are two orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding terms of water vapor.The atmospheric hydrometeors can lead to higher PE than water vapor(several tens of percent versus a few percent),with a shorter RT(only a few hours versus several days).For daily CWR,the state terms are important,but for monthly and longer-time mean CWR,the source/sink terms(i.e.,cloud microphysical processes)contribute the largest;meanwhile,the advection terms contribute less for larger study areas. | Yuquan ZHOU Miao CAI Chao TAN Jietai MAO Zhijin HU | 2020 | Journal of Meteorological Research2020，34，6： | 6 |
| 5 | INFLUENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC ICE NUCLEUS CONCENTRATIONS ON COLD CLOUD RADIANT PROPERTIES AND COLD CLOUD REFLECTIVITY CHANGES IN PAST YEARS显示文摘PAL satellite dataset which have long temporal span is used in the study. Relationship be-tween cold cloud reflectivity and aerosol concentra-tion in Beijing is analyzed as an example. From analysis, cold cloud reflectivity is found to be well correlated with aerosol optical depth. Meanwhile, it is retro-correlated with surface visibility. The results mean that cold cloud reflectivity is possibly influenced by ice nucleus concentration changes. Analysis about cold cloud reflectivity changes during the period 1982-1999 in Beijing shows that reflectivity increases in earlier years and decreases in later years. The data of cold cloud reflectivity in China show that reflectivity in some regions has changed. For the reason that cold cloud is very important in global climate system, those changes of cold cloud reflectivity can lead to climate changes finally. | LI Juan MAO Jietai | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，4： | 5 |
| 6 | Quantifying the Cloud Water Resource:Methods Based on Observational Diagnosis and Cloud Model Simulation显示文摘Based on the concepts of cloud water resource(CWR)and related variables proposed in the first part of this study,this paper provides details of two methods to quantify the CWR.One is diagnostic quantification(CWR-DQ)based on satellite observations,precipitation products,and atmospheric reanalysis data;and the other is numerical quantification(CWR-NQ)based on a cloud resolving model developed at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS).The two methods are applied to quantify the CWR in April and August 2017 over North China,and the results are evaluated against all available observations.Main results are as follows.(1)For the CWR-DQ approach,reference cloud profiles are firstly derived based on the Cloud Sat/CALIPSO joint satellite observations for 2007–2010.The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data in 2000–2017 are then employed to produce three-dimensional cloud fields.The budget/balance equations of atmospheric water substance are lastly used,together with precipitation observations,to retrieve CWR and related variables.It is found that the distribution and vertical structure of clouds obtained by the diagnostic method are consistent with observations.(2)For the CWR-NQ approach,it assumes that the cloud resolving model is able to describe the cloud microphysical processes completely and precisely,from which four-dimensional distributions of atmospheric water vapor,hydrometeors,and wind fields can be obtained.The data are then employed to quantify the CWR and related terms/quantities.After one-month continuous integration,the mass of atmospheric water substance becomes conserved,and the tempospatial distributions of water vapor,hydrometeors/cloud water,and precipitation are consistent with observations.(3)Diagnostic values of the difference in the transition between hydrometeors and water vapor(Cvh-Chv)and the surface evaporation(Es)are well consistent with their numerical values.(4)Correlation and bias analyses show that the diagnostic CWR contributors are well correlated with observations,and match their numerical counterparts as well,indicating that the CWR-NQ and CWR-DQ methods are reasonable.(5)Underestimation of water vapor converted from hydrometeors(Chv)is a shortcoming of the CWR-DQ method,which may be rectified by numerical quantification results or by use of advanced observations on higher spatiotemporal resolutions. | Miao CAI Yuquan ZHOU Jianzhao LIU Chao TAN Yahui TANG Qianrong MA Qi LI Jietai MAO Zhijin HU | 2020 | Journal of Meteorological Research2020，34，6： | 4 |
| 7 | The analysis of water vapor distribution over Taklimakan Desert显示文摘Up to now, all analysis of the distribution of water vapor over the Taklimakan desert area only depends on limited ground measurements and radio soundings setting mostly on the outer margin area. This paper establishes an approach to retrieve the water vapor over the desert at high temporal and spatial resolutions by the use of FY2C geostationary satellite split-window channels in cooperation with ground-based GPS water vapor measurement. Results show that the water vapor distribution over the Taklimakan desert is affected highly by topography and surface properties. The outer margin area has generally more water vapor than the inner area. Over the outer margin area, the western part has more water vapor than the eastern part, and the northern part has more than the southern part. The driest area lies to the south of Tazhong, east of Hotan River, and extended to the south boundary of the desert. Similar to elsewhere, water vapor over the desert area shows diurnal, monthly, seasonal and annual variations even at the driest inner area of the desert. In summer, the water vapor is transported from west to east over a long distance along the westerlies at a height between 700-400 hPa and with the average speed of 50 km h-1. | LIU XlaoYang MAO JieTai ZHANG Fan CUI CaiXia LIU Dian LI Jun ZHAO Ling | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，3： | 4 |
| 8 | Validation of MODIS and Deep Blue aerosol optical depth retrievals in an arid/semi-arid region of northwest China显示文摘The global aerosol optical depth (AOD or ) has been retrieved using the Dark Target algorithm (the C004 and C005 products) and the Deep Blue algorithm (DB product). Few validations have thus far been performed in arid/semi-arid regions, especially in northwest China. The ground-based remote sensing of AOD from sun photometers at four sites in Xinjiang during the years 2002-2003 is used to validate aerosol products, including C004, C005 and DB of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The results show substantial improvement in the C005 aerosol product over the C004 product. The average correlation coefficient of regression with ground measurements increased from 0.59 to 0.69, and the average offset decreased from 0.28 to 0.13. The slopes of the linear regressions tended to be close to unity. The percentage of AODs falling within the retrieval errors of 30% (or = ±0.1 ± 0.2 ) increased from 16.1% to 45.6%. The best retrievals are obtained over an oasis region, whereas the worst are obtained over urban areas. Both the MODIS C004 and C005 products overestimate AOD, which is likely related to improper assumptions of the aerosol model and of the estimation of surface reflectance. An encouraging result has been derived with regard to validation of the DB AOD. Overall, the average offset, slope and correlation coefficient of regression with sun-photometer measurements are ?0.04, 0.88 and 0.85, respectively. Approximately 73% of the DB AOD retrievals fall within the expected error of 30%. Underestimation of the AOD by the DB products is observed. The aerosol model and estimations of surface reflectance in this region require further improvements. | Xia Li Xiangao Xia Shengli Wang Jietai Mao Yan Liu | 2012 | Particuology2012，10，1： | 4 |
| 9 | Remote sensing precipitable water with GPS显示文摘The principle and method of remote sensing precipitable water (PW) by the Global Positioning System (GPS) are introduced. A series of tropospheric delay have been obtained from the dual frequency receiver’s data of global tracking stations in East Asia and precise satellite ephemeris of IGS from July 31 to August 20, 1997. The continuous PW at the interval of 30 min have been estimated at Shanghai and Wuhan GPS sites. The results are compared with PW from conventional radiosonde during the same period, and the RMS is about 0.50 cm. | Chengcai Li Jietai Mao Jianguo Li Qing Xia | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，11： | 3 |
| 10 | Constructing temporal and spatial water vapor figures by GPS remote sensing along slant rays显示文摘A Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver can generally track 5-7 rays from GPS satellites at any moment, and water vapor along these ray paths (slant-path water vapor, SWV) may be retrieved using the methods developed in recent years. This paper suggests two new parameters-absolute vertical SWV (VSWV) and relative VSWV derived from SWV, and their temporal and spatial figures can reflect the heterogeneous distribution and variation of water vapor field. This approach has been applied to the weather diagnoses in a severe storm event in Beijing during July 2004, and it is concluded that the temporal and spatial figures of absolute VSWV and relative VSWV can be useful in monitoring the evolution of water vapor field and be potential in better understanding the precipitation process. | MAO Hui MAO JieTai BI YanMeng LI ChengCai LIU XiaoYang | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，2： | 2 |
| 11 | Run off simulation using radar and rain gauge data显示文摘 | Liu Xiaoyang Mao Jietai | | 0，，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Retrieval, validation, and application of the 1-km aerosol optical depth from MODIS measurement over Hong Kong 显示文摘 | LI Chengeai LAU A K MAO Jietai | 2005 | IEEE Transaetions on Geoscienee and Remote Sensing2005，43，11： | 1 |
| 13 | Critical load of sulfur deposition for ecosystemand its application in China显示文摘Current situation of air pollution of China is introduced. Critical loads for 4 types of soil in sensitiveareas of China have been calculated using methods of SSMB, Profile Medel and Magic Medel. Maps of criticalload , sulfur deposition of 1 990 and excee | Zhao Dianwu Zhang Xiaoshan Yang Jianxin(Research Center for Eco-Environrnental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sceiences, Beijing 100085, China)Mao Jietai(Department of Geophysics, Peking University. Beijing 100871 . China)Xiong Jiling(Guizhou Institute o | 1995 | Journal of Environmental Sciences1995，7，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Retrieval of column-averaged volume mixing ratio of CO_2 with ground-based high spectral resolution solar absorption显示文摘The total column-averaged volume mixing ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide(XCO2)has been retrieved with high spectral resolution solar absorption data obtained from ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer(FTS)measurements at Xichong,a coastal site in the district of Shenzhen in southern China.Based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy(DOAS)theory,the XCO2was retrieved by finding the best match of observed high spectral resolution solar absorption data and monochromatic radiation transfer model calculations.The averaged XCO2in the whole observation period was about 394.9 ppm.The uncertainty of the retrieval was estimated to be 2.0 ppm(0.51%)by comparing retrievals at two bands.The preliminary results show that XCO2retrieved by this method can be used to validate satellite remote sensing of XCO2: | Jian Li Chengcai Li Jietai Mao Dongwei Yang Dong Wang Lin Mei Guangming Shi Yefang Wang Xia Mao | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，14： | 1 |
| 15 | Preliminary Results of 4-D Water Vapor Tomography in the Troposphere Using GPS显示文摘 | BI Yanmeng MAO Jietai LI Chengcai | 2006 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2006，23，55： | 1 |
| 16 | GPS remote sensing precipitable water in the typhoon and severe storm back-ground显示文摘 | Mao Jietai | 1998 | Proceedings of SPIE-Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and clouds1998，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Runoff simulation using radar anJ rain gauge data显示文摘 | lJu Xiaoyang Mao Jietai | 2003 | Adv Atmos Sci2003，20，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Analysis of the aerosol extinctions in different areas of China显示文摘 | Zhang Junhua Mao Jietai Wang Meihua | 2002 | Adv Atmos Sci2002，19，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Observation of black carbon aerosol in Beijing, 2003显示文摘The objective of this study was to determine the black carbon concentration in Beijing in 2003.The aerosol properties were measured using an Aethalometer and a tapered element oscillating microbalance(TEOM)on the roof of the Physics Building of Peking University(39.99°N,116.31°E)from July to August 2003 and from November 2003 to January 2004.The average black carbon(BC)concentrations in the summer and winter were 8.80 and 11.4μg/m3,respectively.During winter,two different cyclone cut offs were installed at the inlet of an aethalometer.The BC mass concentration in TSP,PM_(10),and PM_(2.5)were obtained.The results indicated that in winter aerosol,90%of BC exited in PM_(10)and 82.6%of BC exited in PM_(2.5).The BC in PM_(10)accounted for 5.11%of the PM_(10)mass. | LOU Shujuan MAO Jietai WANG Meihua | 2007 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2007，1，3： | 0 |
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