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| 1 | Elevated CO2 differentially affects tobacco and rice defense against lepidopteran larvae via the jasmonic acid signaling pathway显示文摘Atmospheric CO_2 levels are rapidly increasing due to human activities. However, the effects of elevated CO_2(ECO_2) on plant defense against insects and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that ECO_2 increased the photosynthetic rates and the biomass of tobacco and rice plants, and the chewing lepidopteran insects Spodoptera litura and Mythimna separata gained less and more mass on tobacco and rice plants, respectively. Consistently, under ECO_2, the levels of jasmonic acid(JA), the main phytohormone controlling plant defense against these lepidopteran insects, as well as the main defense-related metabolites, were increased and decreased in insectdamaged tobacco and rice plants. Importantly, bioassaysand quantification of defense-related metabolites in tobacco and rice silenced in JA biosynthesis and perception indicate that ECO_2 changes plant resistance mainly by affecting the JA pathway. We further demonstrate that the defensive metabolites, but not total N or protein, are the main factors contributing to the altered defense levels under ECO_2. This study illustrates that ECO_2 changes the interplay between plants and insects, and we propose that crops should be studied for their resistance to the major pests under ECO_2 to predict the impact of ECO_2 on future agroecosystems. | Chengkai Lu Jinfeng qi Christian Hettenhausen Yunting Lei Jingxiong Zhang Mou Zhang Cuiping Zhang Juan Song Jing Li Guoyan Cao Saif ul Malook Jianqiang Wu | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2018，60，5： | 3 |
| 2 | Current understanding of maize and rice defense against insect herbivores显示文摘Plants have sophisticated defense systems to fend off insect herbivores. How plants defend against herbivores in dicotyledonous plants, such as Arabidopsis and tobacco, have been relatively well studied,yet little is known about the defense responses in monocotyledons. Here, we review the current understanding of rice(Oryza sativa) and maize(Zea mays) defense against insects. In rice and maize,elicitors derived from insect herbivore oral secretions or oviposition fluids activate phytohormone signaling, and transcriptomic changes mediated mainly by transcription factors lead to accumulation of defense-related secondary metabolites. Direct defenses, such as trypsin protein inhibitors in rice and benzoxazinoids in maize, have anti-digestive or toxic effects on insect herbivores. Herbivory-induced plant volatiles, such as terpenes, are indirect defenses, which attract the natural enemies of herbivores. R gene-mediated defenses against herbivores are also discussed. | Jinfeng Qi Saif ul Malook Guojing Shen Lei Gao Cuiping Zhang Jing Li Jingxiong Zhang Lei Wang Jianqiang Wu | 2018 | Plant Diversity2018，40，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Efficacy of hydrolytic enzymes in preventing radiation therapy-induced side effects in patients with head and neck cancers显示文摘 | Malook S. Gujral Pravas M. Patnaik Rashmi Kaul Hemen K. Parikh Christian Conradt Chetan P. Tamhankar Gautam V. Daftary | 2001 | Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology2001，，1： | 1 |
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