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| 1 | Stigma Receptivity Is Controlled by Functionally Redundant MAPK Pathway Components in Arabidopsis显示文摘In angiosperms,the process of pollination relies on species-specific interaction and signaling between the male(pollen)and female(pistil)counterparts where the interplay between several pollen and stigma proteins decides the fate of the pollen.In Brassicaceae,the dry stigmatic papillary cells control pollen germination by releasing resources only to compatible pollen thereby allowing pollen to hydrate and germinate.Despite the identification of a number of stigmatic proteins that facilitate pollination responses,the signaling mechanisms that regulate functions of these proteins have remained unknown.Here,we show that,in Arabidopsis,an extremely functionally redundant mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade is required for maintaining stigma receptivity to accept compatible pollen.Our genetic analyses demonstrate that in stigmas,five MAPK kinases(MKKs),MKK1/2/3/7/9 are required to transmit upstream signals to two MPKs,MPK3/4,to mediate compatible pollination.Compromised functions of these five MKKs in the quintuple mutant(mkk1/2/3RNAi/mkk7/9)phenocopied pollination defects observed in the m pk4RNAi/m pk3 double mutant.We further show that this MAPK nexus converges on Exo70A1,a previously identified stigma receptivity factor essential for pollination.Given that pollination is the crucial initial step during plant reproduction,understanding the mechanisms that govern successful pollination could lead to development of strategies to improve crop yield. | Muhammad Jamshed Subramanian Sankaranarayanan Kumar Abhinandan Marcus A.Samuel | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020，13，11： | 3 |
| 2 | Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Activity and Toxicological Properties of Hippocratea Velutina (Afzel.)显示文摘Background:Hippocratea velutina(HV)is a novel plant folklorically used for lowering blood glucose,hence a potential source of new antidiabetic medication.Objective:The study evaluated the anti-diabetic potentials of the methanol extract of Hippocratea velutina leaf and its toxicity profile in mice and rats.Methods:Acute and subacute toxicity tests of the plant extract were carried out by using a modified OECD guideline.Its antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at 50,150,and 300 mg/kg for 28 days was assayed,while glibenclamide(5 mg/kg)and distilled water were the positive and negative controls,respectively.Histopathological examination of vital organs was also carried out.Results:Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaf extract showed the presence of tannins,flavonoids,saponins,alkaloids,terpenoids,deoxy-sugars,and anthraquinones in HV.The extract had LD 50 greater than 2000 mg/kg in mice.It had no toxic effects on the haematological and biochemical components from blood samples collected but caused significant blood glucose level reduction in normal rats at 150 and 300 mg/kg.In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats,the extract elicited a non-dose-dependent antidiabetic effect on day seven at all the tested doses,significantly higher than glibenclamide(10 mg/kg).However,on days 14,21,and 28,the extract activity at all the tested doses and glibenclamide were comparable.The extract did not affect the liver,brain,kidney,and pancreas histology at 200 mg/kg but caused slight and severe effects on these organs at 400 and 800 mg/kg,respectively.Conclusion:The study concluded that Hippocratea velutina possessed antihyperglycaemic activity and was non-toxic at low doses but could have deleterious effects to the liver and kidney at high concentrations. | Farouk A.Oladoja Emmanuel SIrokosu Marcus D.Ayoola Oyinloye O.Elijah Murtala A.Akanji Ogunleye T.Beatrice Odewo A.Samuel | 2023 | Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology2023，3，2： | 0 |
| 3 | Disabling of ARC1 through CRISPR–Cas9 leads to a complete breakdown of self-incompatibility responses in Brassica napus显示文摘Dear Editor,Many flowering plants utilize the self-incompatibility(SI)response as a genetic mechanism to prevent self-pollen from establishing on the stigmas,thereby promoting outcrossing and genetic diversity.In Brassica during SI,recognition of the pollen ligand SP11 by S-locus receptor kinase(SRK)results in activation of the E3 ligase ARM-Repeat-Containing protein(ARC1),which leads to proteasomal degradation of compatibility factors required for successful pollen acceptance. | Kumar Abhinandan Neil M.N.Hickerson Xingguo Lan Marcus A.Samuel | 2023 | Plant Communications2023，4，2： | 0 |
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