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| 1 | Implications of preoperative hypoalbuminemia in colorectal surgery显示文摘Serum albumin has traditionally been used as a quantitative measure of a patient's nutritional status because of its availability and low cost. While malnutrition has a clear definition within both the American and European Societies for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition clinical guidelines, individual surgeons often determine nutritional status anecdotally. Preoperative albumin level has been shown to be the best predictor of mortality after colorectal cancer surgery. Specifically in colorectal surgical patients, hypoalbuminemia significantly increases the length of hospital stay, rates of surgical site infections, enterocutaneous fistula risk, and deep vein thrombosis formation. The delay of surgical procedures to allow for preoperative correction of albumin levels in hypoalbuminemic patients has been shown to improve the morbidity and mortality in patients with severe nutritional risk. The importance of preoperative albumin levels and the patient's chronic inflammatory state on the postoperative morbidity and mortality has led to the development of a variety of surgical scoring systems to predict outcomes efficiently. This review attempts to provide a systematic overview of albumin and its role and implications in colorectal surgery. | Adam Truong Mark H Hanna Zhobin Moghadamyeghaneh Michael J Stamos | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，5： | 9 |
| 2 | Colonic ulcerations may predict steroid-refractory course in patients with ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis显示文摘AIM To investigate management of patients who develop ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis, including association of endoscopic findings with steroid-refractory symptoms and utility of infliximab as second-line therapy.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients at our centerwith metastatic melanoma who were treated with ipilimumab between March 2011 and May 2014. All patients received a standard regimen of intravenous ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 wk for four doses or until therapy was stopped due to toxicity or disease progression. Basic demographic and clinical data were collected on all patients. For patients who developed grade 2 or worse diarrhea(increase of 4 bowel movements per day), additional data were collected regarding details of gastrointestinal symptoms, endoscopic findings and treatment course. Descriptive statistics were used.RESULTS A total of 114 patients were treated with ipilimumab during the study period and all were included. Sixteen patients(14%) developed ≥ grade 2 diarrhea. All patients were treated with high-dose corticosteroids(1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily or equivalent). Nine of 16 patients(56%) had ongoing diarrhea despite highdose steroids. Steroid-refractory patients received one dose of intravenous infliximab at 5 mg/kg, and all but one had brisk resolution of diarrhea. Fourteen of the patients underwent either colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy with variable endoscopic findings, ranging from mild erythema to colonic ulcers. Among 8 patients with ulcers demonstrated by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, 7 patients(88%) developed steroidrefractory symptoms requiring infliximab. With a median follow-up of 264 d, no major adverse events associated with prednisone or infliximab were reported.CONCLUSION In patients with ipilimumab-mediated enterocolitis, the presence of colonic ulcers on endoscopy was associated with a steroid-refractory course. | Animesh Jain Evan J Lipson William H Sharfman Steven R Brant Mark G Lazarev | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，11： | 8 |
| 3 | Complications associated with prone positioning in elective spinal surgery显示文摘Complications associated with prone surgical positioning during elective spine surgery have the potential to cause serious patient morbidity.Although many ofthese complications remain uncommon,the range of possible morbidities is wide and includes multiple organ systems.Perioperative visual loss(POVL)is a well described,but uncommon complication that may occur due to ischemia to the optic nerve,retina,or cerebral cortex.Closed-angle glaucoma and amaurosis have been reported as additional etiologies for vision loss following spinal surgery.Peripheral nerve injuries,such as those caused by prolonged traction to the brachial plexus,are more commonly encountered postoperative events.Myocutaneous complications including pressure ulcers and compartment syndrome may also occur after prone positioning,albeit rarely.Other uncommon positioning complications such as tongue swelling resulting in airway compromise,femoral artery ischemia,and avascular necrosis of the femoral head have also been reported.Many of these are well-understood and largely avoidable through thoughtful attention to detail.Other complications,such as POVL,remain incompletely understood and thus more difficult to predict or prevent.Here,the current literature on the complications of prone positioning for spine surgery is reviewed to increase awareness of the spectrum of potential complications and to inform spine surgeons of strategies to minimize the risk of prone patient morbidity. | J Mason De Passe Mark A Palumbo Maahir Haque Craig P Eberson Alan H Daniels | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，3： | 7 |
| 4 | Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease:Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate显示文摘The development of formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate(eG FR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C and accounting for certain variables affecting the production rate of these biomarkers, including ethnicity, gender and age, has led to the current scheme of diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease(CKD),which is based on e GFR values and albuminuria.This scheme has been applied extensively in various populations and has led to the current estimates of prevalence of CKD. In addition, this scheme is applied in clinical studies evaluating the risks of CKD and the efficacy of various interventions directed towards improving its course. Disagreements between creatinine-based and cystatin-based e GFR values and between e GFR values and measured GFR have been reported in various cohorts. These disagreements are the consequence of variations in the rate of production and in factors, other than GFR, affecting the rate of removal of creatinine and cystatin C. The disagreements create limitations for all e GFR formulas developed so far. The main limitations are low sensitivity in detecting early CKD in several subjects, e.g., those with hyperfiltration, and poor prediction of the course of CKD. Research efforts in CKD are currently directed towards identification of biomarkers that are better indices of GFR than the current biomarkers and,particularly, biomarkers of early renal tissue injury. | Ahmed Alaini Deepak Malhotra Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Zeid J Khitan Dominic SC Raj Mark Rohrscheib Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Methodology2017，7，3： | 7 |
| 5 | Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice显示文摘The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance. | Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2018 | World Journal of Nephrology2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 6 | 抑郁症的非药物治疗:系统性综述与证据图显示文摘背景抑郁症非药物治疗的疗效比较目前仍然不清楚。方法我们对一些系统性综述作了概述,回顾了随机对照试验(RCT),比较抑郁症非药物治疗的有效性和认知行为治疗(CBT)。对多个电子数据库在2016年2月之前发表的所有文献进行了检索,不限制语言。成对的评阅人进行资料纳入、数据提炼并评估偏倚的风险。在适用的时候进行了荟萃分析。结果我们收录了367项RCT,纳入了约2000名患者,进行了11种治疗,导出17项独立的头对头比较。通过标准化的量表评估,发现CBT、自然疗法、行为干预与躯体活动干预可以降低抑郁的严重程度。然而,这些非药物干预的相对疗效仍然缺乏。这些干预对临床缓解和复发的效果不清楚。CBT的发生率比抗抑郁药物更低。局限性由于证据缺乏一致性、证据不清或偏倚风险高,导致证据的质量只是低到中等,限制了我们研究结果的可信度。结论抑郁症的非药物治疗能减少抑郁症状,在轻度到重度抑郁症患者中,应当合并抗抑郁药物治疗,一同进行。对于非药物治疗的选择,应当根据患者的价值观、偏好、临床和社会因素来与患者共同作出决定。 | Wigdan H Farah Mouaz Alsawas Maria Mainou Fares Alahdab Magdoleen H Farah Ahmed T Ahmed Essa A Mohamed Jehad Almasri Michael R Gionfriddo Ana Castaneda-Guarderas Khaled Mohammed Zhen Wang Noor Asi Craig N Sawchuk Mark D Williams Larry J Prokop M Hassan Murad Annie LeBlanc | 2017 | 英国医学杂志中文版2017，20，11： | 2 |
| 7 | GRADE:在推荐分级中体现对资源利用的考虑显示文摘指南小组成员对资源利用是否会影响个体患者的治疗决策有不同看法。由于医疗费用上涨,必须考虑资源利用的影响,但指南小组成员可能会发现这有很大的挑战性。 | Gordon H Guyatt Andrew D Oxman Regina Kunz Roman Jaeschke Mark Helfand Alessandro Liberati Gunn E Vist Holger J Schьnemann 王菊芬 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，6： | 2 |
| 8 | Sex-specific differences in white matter microvascular integrity after ischaemic stroke显示文摘background and purpose Functional outcomes after ischaemic stroke are worse in women,despite adjusting for differences in comorbidities and treatment approaches.White matter microvascular integrity represents one risk factor for poor long-term functional outcomes after ischaemic stroke.The aim of the study is to characterise sex-specific differences in microvascular integrity in individuals with acute ischaemic stroke.Methods A retrospective analysis of subjects with acute ischaemic stroke and brain MRI with diffusion-weighted(DWI)and dynamic-susceptibility contrast-enhanced(DSC)perfusion-weighted imaging obtained within 9 hours of last known well was performed.In the hemisphere contralateral to the acute infarct,normal-appearing white matter(NAWM)microvascular integrity was measured using the K_(2) coefficient and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values.Regression analyses for predictors of K_(2) coefficient,DWI volume and good outcome(90-day modified Rankin scale(mRS)score<2)were performed.results 105 men and 79 women met inclusion criteria for analysis.Despite no difference in age,women had increased NAWM K_(2) coefficient(1027.4 vs 692.7×10^(-6)/s;p=0.006).In women,atrial fibrillation(β=583.6;p=0.04)and increasing NAWM ADC(β=4.4;p=0.02)were associated with increased NAWM K_(2) coefficient.In multivariable regression analysis,the K_(2) coefficient was an independent predictor of DWI volume in women(β=0.007;p=0.01)but not men.Conclusions In women with acute ischaemic stroke,increased NAWM K_(2) coefficient is associated with increased infarct volume and chronic white matter structural integrity.Prospective studies investigating sex-specific differences in white matter microvascular integrity are needed. | Mark R Etherton Ona Wu Pedro Cougo Svetlana Lorenzano Hua Li Lisa Cloonan Mark J R J Bouts Arne Lauer Ken Arai Eng H Lo Steve K Feske Karen L Furie Natalia S Rost | 2019 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2019，4，4： | 2 |
| 9 | Hypertonicity:Clinical entities,manifestations and treatment显示文摘Hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and is associated with mortality and severe short-term and longterm neurological sequelae. The main clinical syndromes of hypertonicity are hypernatremia and hyperglycemia.Hypernatremia results from relative excess of body sodium over body water. Loss of water in excess of intake,gain of sodium salts in excess of losses or a combination of the two are the main mechanisms of hypernatremia.Hypernatremia can be hypervolemic,euvolemic or hypovolemic. The management of hypernatremia addresses both a quantitative replacement of water and,if present,sodium deficit,and correction of the underlying pathophysiologic process that led to hypernatremia.Hypertonicity in hyperglycemia has two components,solute gain secondary to glucose accumulation in the extracellular compartment and water loss through hyperglycemic osmotic diuresis in excess of the losses of sodium and potassium. Differentiating between these two components of hypertonicity has major therapeutic implications because the first component will be reversed simply by normalization of serum glucose concentration while the second component will require hypotonic fluid replacement. An estimate of the magnitude of the relative water deficit secondary to osmotic diuresis is obtained by the corrected sodium concentration,which represents a calculated value of the serum sodium concentration that would result from reduction of the serum glucose concentration to a normal level. | Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos Argyropoulos Todd S Ing Dominic S Raj Deepak Malhotra Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Zeid J Khitan Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Nephrology2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 10 | Aflatoxin Exposure and Viral Hepatitis in the Etiology of Liver Cirrhosis in The Gambia, West Africa显示文摘 | Kuniholm Mark H Lesi Olufunmilayo A Mendy Maimuna Akano Aliu O Sam Omar Hall Andrew J Whittle Hilton Bah Ebrima Goedert James J Hainaut Pierre Kirk Gregory D | 2008 | Environmental Health Perspectives2008，，11： | 2 |
| 11 | An analysis of multiple staging management strategies for carcinoma of the esophagus: computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasound, positron emission tomography, and thoracoscopy/laparoscopy显示文摘 | Michael B Wallace Paul J Nietert Craig Earle Mark J Krasna Robert H Hawes Brenda J Hoffman Carolyn E Reed | 2002 | The Annals of Thoracic Surgery2002，，4： | 2 |
| 12 | Pollution performance of DC insulators under operating conditions显示文摘 | Changetal T C Steffens H G Marks J | 1981 | IEEE Trans on EI1981，16，3： | 2 |
| 13 | Gastroesophageal reflux disease after diagnostic endoscopy in the clinical setting显示文摘AIM: To investigate the outcome of patients with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) referred for endoscopy at 2 and 6 mo post endoscopy. METHODS: Consecutive patients referred for upper endoscopy for assessment of GERD symptoms at two large metropolitan hospitals were invited to participate in a 6-mo non-interventional (observational) study.The two institutions are situated in geographically and socially disparate areas. Data collection was by selfcompletion of questionnaires including the patient assessment of upper gastrointestinal disorders symptoms severity and from hospital records. Endoscopic finding using the Los-Angeles classification, symptom severity and it's clinically relevant improvement as change of at least 25%, therapy and socio-demographic factors were assessed. RESULTS: Baseline data were available for 266 patients and 2-mo and 6-mo follow-up data for 128 and 108 patients respectively. At baseline, 128 patients had erosive and 138 non-erosive reflux disease. Allmost all patient had proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in the past. Overall, patients with non-erosive GERD at the index endoscopy had significantly more severe symptoms as compared to patients with erosive or even complicated GERD while there was no difference with regard to medication. After 2 and 6 mo there was a small, but statistically significant improvement in symptom severity (7.02 ± 5.5 vs 5.9 ± 5.4 and 5.5 ± 5.4 respectively); however, the majority of patients continued to have symptoms (i.e. , after 6 mo 81% with GERD symptoms). Advantaged socioeconomic status as well as being unemployed was associated with greater improvement. CONCLUSION: The majority of GORD patients receive PPI therapy before being referred for endoscopy even though many have symptoms that do not sufficiently respond to PPI therapy. | Nora B Zschau Jane M Andrews Richard H Holloway Mark N Schoeman Kylie Lange William CE Tam Gerald J Holtmann | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，16： | 2 |
| 14 | On the 'downward control'of extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy-induced mean zonal forces显示文摘 | Haynes P H C J Marks M E McIntyre | 1991 | J Atmoa Sci1991，48，： | 1 |
| 15 | Correlation of ESAT-6-specific gamma interferon production with pathology in cattle follo-wing Mycobacterium boris BCG vaccination against experimental bovine tuberculosis 显示文摘 | Martin H Vordermeier Mark A Chambers Paul J Cockle | 2002 | Infect Immun2002，，70： | 1 |
| 16 | Bacterial RNA chaperones confer abiotic stress tolerance in plants and improved grain yield in maize under water-limited condition 显示文摘 | Paolo C Dave W Robert J B Don C A Jay H Martin S Mark A Ganesh K Sara S Robert D Santiago N Stephanie B Mary F Jayaprakash T Santanu D Christopher B Michael H L Jacqueline E H | 2008 | Plant Physiology2008，147，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Plasma norepinephrine in congestive heart failre显示文摘 | Thomas J A Marks B H | 1978 | Am J Cardial1978，41，2： | 1 |
| 18 | J Colloid InterfSci 显示文摘 | Mattson J S Mark H B Malbin M D | 1969 | 31(1): 1161969，31，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Effects of antiagglomerants on the interactions between hydrate particles显示文摘 | Mark R A J Dalton Y Luke H | 2007 | American Institute of Chemical Engineers2007，54，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Influence of slope and aspect on long-term vegetation change in British chalk grasslands显示文摘 | Bennie J Mark O H Baxter R | 2006 | Journal of Ecology2006，94，： | 1 |
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