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您的检索式：作者名="Martin Matu"
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| 1 | Interaction between climatic, environmental, and demographic factors on cholera outbreaks in Kenya显示文摘Background:Cholera remains an important public health concern in developing countries including Kenya where 11,769 cases and 274 deaths were reported in 2009 according to the World Health Organization(WHO).This ecological study investigates the impact of various climatic,environmental,and demographic variables on the spatial distribution of cholera cases in Kenya.Methods:District-level data was gathered from Kenya’s Division of Disease Surveillance and Response,the Meteorological Department,and the National Bureau of Statistics.The data included the entire population of Kenya from 1999 to 2009.Results:Multivariate analyses showed that districts had an increased risk of cholera outbreaks when a greater proportion of the population lived more than five kilometers from a health facility(RR:1.025 per 1%increase;95%CI:1.010,1.039),bordered a body of water(RR:5.5;95%CI:2.472,12.404),experienced increased rainfall from October to December(RR:1.003 per 1 mm increase;95%CI:1.001,1.005),and experienced decreased rainfall from April to June(RR:0.996 per 1 mm increase;95%CI:0.992,0.999).There was no detectable association between cholera and population density,poverty,availability of piped water,waste disposal methods,rainfall from January to March,or rainfall from July to September.Conclusion:Bordering a large body of water,lack of health facilities nearby,and changes in rainfall were significantly associated with an increased risk of cholera in Kenya. | James D Stoltzfus Jane Y Carter Muge Akpinar-Elci Martin Matu Victoria Kimotho Mark J Giganti Daniel Langat Omur Cinar Elci | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 1 |
| 2 | Foveal regeneration after resolution of cystoid macular edema without and with internal limiting membrane detachment:presumed role of glial cells for foveal structure stabilization显示文摘AIM: To document with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography the morphological regeneration of the fovea after resolution of cystoid macular edema(CME) without and with internal limiting membrane(ILM) detachment and to discuss the presumed role of the glial scaffold for foveal structure stabilization. METHODS: A retrospective case series of 38 eyes of 35 patients is described. Of these, 17 eyes of 16 patients displayed foveal regeneration after resolution of CME, and 6 eyes of 6 patients displayed CME with ILM detachment. Eleven eyes of 9 patients displayed other kinds of foveal and retinal disorders associated with ILM detachment. RESULTS: The pattern of edematous cyst distribution, with or without a large cyst in the foveola and preferred location of cysts in the inner nuclear layer or Henle fiber layer(HFL), may vary between different eyes with CME or in one eye during different CME episodes. Large cysts in the foveola may be associated with a tractional elevation of the inner foveal layers and the formation of a foveoschisis in the HFL. Edematous cysts are usually not formed in the ganglion cell layer. Eyes with CME and ILM detachment display a schisis between the detached ILM and nerve fiber layer(NFL) which is traversed by Müller cell trunks. ILM detachment was also found in single eyes with myopic traction maculopathy, macular pucker, full-thickness macular holes, outer lamellar holes, and glaucomatous parapapillary retinoschisis, and in 3 eyes with Müller cell sheen dystrophy(MCSD). As observed in eyes with MCSD, cellophane maculopathy, and macular pucker, respectively, fundus light reflections can be caused by different highly reflective membranes or layers: the thickened and tightened ILM which may or may not be detached from the NFL, the NFL, or idiopathic epiretinal membranes. In eyes with short single or multiple CME episodes, the central fovea regenerated either completely, which included the disappearance of irregularities of the photoreceptor layer lines and the reformation of a fovea externa, or with remaining irregularities of the photoreceptor layer lines. CONCLUSION: The examples of a complete regeneration of the foveal morphology after transient CME show that the fovea may withstand even large tractional deformations and has a conspicuous capacity of structural regeneration as long as no cell degeneration occurs. It is suggested that the regenerative capacity depends on the integrity of the threedimensional glial scaffold for foveal structure stabilization composed of Müller cell and astrocyte processes. The glial scaffold may also maintain the retinal structure after loss of most retinal neurons as in late-stage MCSD. | Andreas Bringmann Martin Karol Jan Darius Unterlauft Thomas Barth Renate Wiedemann Leon Kohen Matus Rehak Peter Wiedemann | 2021 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2021，14，6： | 0 |
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