1篇
您的检索式：作者名="Michael ASTEELE"
|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | Acorn size and tolerance to seed predators:the multiple roles of acorns as food for seed predators,fruit for dispersal and fuel for growth显示文摘Fitness of parents and offspring is affected by offspring size.In oaks(Quercus spp.),acorns vary considerably in size across,and within,species.Seed size influences dispersal and establishment of oaks,but it is not known whether size imparts tolerance to seed predators.Here,we examine the relative extent to which cotyledon size serves as both a means for sustaining partial consumption and energy reserves for developing seedlings during early stages of establishment.Acorns of 6 oak species were damaged to simulate acorn predation by vertebrate and invertebrate seed predators.Seedling germination/emergence and growth rates were used to assess seedling performance.We predicted that if cotyledons are important for dispersal,acorns should show tolerance to partial seed consumption.Alternatively,if the cotyledon functions primarily as an energy reserve,damage should significantly influence seedling performance.Acorns of each species germinated and produced seedlings even after removing>50%of the cotyledon.Seed mass explained only some of the variation in performance.Within species,larger acorns performed better than smaller acorns when damaged.Undamaged acorns performed as well or better than damaged acorns.There was no pattern among individual species with increasing amounts of damage.In some species,simulated invertebrate damage resulted in the poorest performance,suggesting alternative strategies of oaks to sustain damage.Large cotyledons in acorns may be important for attracting seed dispersers and sustaining partial damage,while also providing energy to young seedlings.Success of oak establishment may follow from the resilience of acorns to sustain damage at an early stage. | Andrew W.BARTLOW Salvatore JAGOSTA Rachel CURTIS Xianfeng YI Michael ASTEELE | 2018 | Integrative Zoology2018，13，3： | 0 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员