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| 1 | Early infant male circumcision:Systematic review,risk-benefit analysis,and progress in policy显示文摘AIM To determine whether recent evidence-based United States polices on male circumcision(MC) apply to comparable Anglophone countries,Australia and New Zealand.METHODS Articles in 2005 through 2015 were retrieved from PubM ed using the keyword 'circumcision' together with 36 relevant subtopics.A further PubM ed search was performed for articles published in 2016.Searches of the EMBASE and Cochrane databases did not yield additional citable articles.Articles were assessed for quality and those rated 2+ and above according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Grading System were studied further.The most relevant andrepresentative of the topic were included.Bibliographies were examined to retrieve further key references.Randomized controlled trials,recent high quality systematic reviews or meta-analyses(level 1++ or 1+ evidence) were prioritized for inclusion.A risk-benefit analysis of articles rated for quality was performed.For efficiency and reliability,recent randomized controlled trials,metaanalyses,high quality systematic reviews and large welldesigned studies were used if available.Internet searches were conducted for other relevant information,including policies and Australian data on claims under Medicare for MC.RESULTS Evidence-based policy statements by the American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) support infant and later age male circumcision(MC) as a desirable public health measure.Our systematic review of relevant literature over the past decade yielded 140 journal articles that met our inclusion criteria.Together,these showed that early infant MC confers immediate and lifelong benefits by protecting against urinary tract infections having potential adverse long-term renal effects,phimosis that causes difficult and painful erections and 'ballooning' during urination,inflammatory skin conditions,inferior penile hygiene,candidiasis,various sexually transmissible infections in both sexes,genital ulcers,and penile,prostate and cervical cancer.Our risk-benefit analysis showed that benefits exceeded procedural risks,which are predominantly minor,by up to 200 to 1.We estimated that more than 1 in 2 uncircumcised males will experience an adverse foreskin-related medical condition over their lifetime.Wide-ranging evidence from surveys,physiological measurements,and the anatomical location of penile sensory receptors responsible for sexual sensation strongly and consistently suggested that MC has no detrimental effect on sexual function,sensitivity or pleasure.United States studies showed that early infant MC is cost saving.The evidence supporting early infant MC has further strengthened since the positive AAP and CDC reviews.CONCLUSION Affirmative MC policies are needed in Australia and New Zealand.Routine provision of accurate,unbiased education,and access in public hospitals,will maximize health and financial benefits. | Brian J Morris Sean E Kennedy Alex D Wodak Adrian Mindel David Golovsky Leslie Schrieber Eugenie R Lumbers David J Handelsman John B Ziegler | 2017 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Effect of small alloying additions on behavior of rapidly solidified Cu-Cr alloys 显示文摘 | BATAWI E MORRIS D G MORRIS M A | 1990 | Materials Science and Technology1990，6，： | 2 |
| 3 | Fast Pattern Matching in String显示文摘 | Knuth D E Morris J H Pratt V R | 1977 | SIAM Journal on Computing1977，6，6： | 1 |
| 4 | 显示文摘 | Morris D E Chandrachood M R Sinha A P B | 1991 | Physica C1991，175，： | 1 |
| 5 | Activity and structure of hydrotreating Ni,Mo,and Ni-Mo sulfide catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3-USY zeolite 显示文摘 | Dien L Nishijima A Morris D E | 1999 | J Catalysis1999，188，： | 1 |
| 6 | MR imaging of the breast with rotating delivery of excition off resonance clinical experience with pathologic correlation显示文摘 | Morris E A Schwartz L H Dershaw D D | 1993 | Radiology1993，187，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Effects of cropping systems and nitrogen levels on corn yields in the sonthem Piemount region 显示文摘 | Adans W E Morris H D Darson R N | 1970 | Agron J1970，，62： | 1 |
| 8 | Characterization of polysac- charide structure and interactions by circular dichroism: Order - disorder transition in the calcium alginate system 显示文摘 | Morris E R Rees D A Thom D | 1973 | Journal of the Chemical Society - Chemical Communication1973，7，： | 1 |
| 9 | Microwave-assisted synthesis of anionic metal-organlc frameworks under ionothermal conditions 显示文摘 | Lin Z Wragg D S Morris R E | 2006 | Chem Commun2006，19，： | 1 |
| 10 | Fast pattern matching in strings 显示文摘 | KNUTH D E MORRIS JR J H PRATT V R | 1977 | SIAM Journal on Computing1977，6，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Fast Pattern Matching in Strings显示文摘 | Knuth D E Morris J H Pratt V R | 1977 | SIAM Journal on Computing1977，6，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Fast Pattern Matching in Strings 显示文摘 | Knuth D E Morris J H Pratt V R | 1977 | SIAM Journal on Computing1977，6，2： | 1 |
| 13 | The effect of the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 on luteal establishment and func- tion in the primate显示文摘 | Fraser H M Dickson S E Morris K D | 1999 | Hum Reprod1999，14，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Fast pattern matching in strings显示文摘 | KNUTH D E MORRIS J H PRATT V R | 1977 | SIAM Journal on Computing1977，6，2： | 1 |
| 15 | The adsorption of microcystin-LR by natural clay particles 显示文摘 | Morris R J Williams D E Luu He A | 2000 | Toxicon2000，38，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Fast pattern in strings显示文摘 | Knuth D E Morris J H Pratt V R | 1977 | SIAM Journal on Computing1977，6，2： | 1 |
| 17 | 显示文摘 | E Batawi M A Morris D G Morris | 1988 | Mater Sci Eng1988，，98： | 1 |
| 18 | Fast pattern matching in strings 显示文摘 | KNUTH D E MORRIS J H PRATT V R | 1977 | SIAM Journal of Computing1977，6，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Enzymic removal of toxic phenols and anilines from waste waters显示文摘 | Klibanov A M Alberti B N Morris E D | 1980 | Journal of Applied Biochemistry1980，2，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Fast pattern matching in strings 显示文摘 | Knuth D E Morris J H Pratt V R | 1977 | SIAM Journal on Computing1977，6，2： | 1 |
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