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| 1 | Apparent variations in nitrogen runoff and its uptake in paddy rice under straw incorporation显示文摘Straw incorporation is a widespread practice to promote agricultural sustainability.However,the potential effects of straw incorporation with the prolonged time on nitrogen(N)runoff loss from paddy fields are not well studied.The current study addresses the knowledge gap by assessing the effects of straw incorporation on the processes influencing N runoff patterns and its impacts on crop yield,N uptake,total N(TN),and soil organic matter(SOM).We conducted field experiments with rice(Oryza sativa L.)–wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)rotation,rice–tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.)rotation,and double-rice cropping in subtropical China from 2008 to 2012.Each rotation had three N treatments:zero N fertilization(CK),chemical N fertilization(CF),and chemical N fertilization combined with straw incorporation(CFS).The treatment effects were assessed on TN runoff loss,crop yield,N uptake,soil TN stock,and SOM.Results showed that TN runoff was reduced by substituting part of the chemical N fertilizer with straw N in the double rice rotation,while crop N uptake was significantly(P<0.05)decreased due to the lower bioavailability of straw N.In contrast,in both rice–wheat and rice–tobacco rotations,TN runoff in CFS was increased by 0.9–20.2%in the short term when straw N was applied in addition to chemical N,compared to CF.However,TN runoff was reduced by 2.3–19.3%after three years of straw incorporation,suggesting the long-term benefits of straw incorporation on TN loss reduction.Meanwhile,crop N uptake was increased by 0.8–37.3%in the CFS of both rotations.This study demonstrates the challenges in reducing N runoff loss while improving soil fertility by straw incorporation over the short term but highlights the potential of long-term straw incorporation to reduce N loss and improve soil productivity. | Muhammad Amjad BASHIR ZHAI Li-mei WANG Hong-yuan LIU Jian Qurat-Ul-Ain RAZA GENG Yu-cong Abdur REHIM LIU Hong-bin | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2022，21，11： | 0 |
| 2 | Evaluating the Effects of Sustainable Chemical and Organic Fertilizers with Water Saving Practice on Corn Production and Soil Characteristics显示文摘The rapidly growing world population,water shortage,and food security are promising problems for sustainable agriculture.Farmers adopt higher irrigation and fertilizer applications to increase crop production resulting in environmental pollution.This study aimed to identify the long-term effects of intelligent water and fertilizers used in corn yield and soil nutrient status.A series of field experiments were conducted for six years with treatments as:farmer accustomed to fertilization used as control(CON),fertilizer decrement(KF),fertilizer decrement+watersaving irrigation(BMP1);combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer+water-saving irrigation(BMP2),and combined application of controlled-release fertilizer(BMP3).A significant improvement was observed in soil organic matter(14.9%),nitrate nitrogen(106.7%),total phosphorus(23.9%),available phosphorus(26.2%),straw yield(44.8%),and grain yield(54.7%)with BMP2 treatment as compared to CON.The study concludes that integrating chemical and organic fertilizers with water-saving irrigation(BMP2)is a good approach to increasing corn productivity,ensuring water safety and improving soil health.The limitations of the current study include the identification of fertilizer type and its optimum dose,irrigation water type,and geographical position. | Xuejun Zhang Muhammad Amjad Bashir Qurat-Ul-Ain Raza Xiaotong Liu Jianhang Luo Ying Zhao Qiuliang Lei Hafiz Muhammad Ali Raza Abdur Rehim Yucong Geng Hongbin Liu | 2023 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2023，92，5： | 0 |
| 3 | Assessment of Nutrient Leaching Losses and Crop Uptake with Organic Fertilization,Water Saving Practices and Reduced Inorganic Fertilizer显示文摘The increasing world population has forced excessive chemical fertilizer and irrigation to complete the global food demand,deteriorating the water quality and nutrient losses.Short-term studies do not compile the evidences;therefore,the study aimed to identify the effectiveness of reduced doses of inorganic fertilizer and water-saving practices,hence,a six-year experiment(2015-2020)was conducted in China to address the knowledge gap.The experimental treatments were:farmer accustomed fertilization used as control(525:180:30 kg NPK ha^(-1)),fertilizer decrement(450:150:15 kg NPK ha^(-1)),fertilizer decrement+water-saving irrigation(450:150:15 kg NPK ha^(-1)),application of organic and inorganic fertilizer+water-saving irrigation(375:120:0 kg NPK ha^(-1)+4.5 tones organic fertilizer ha^(-1)),and application of controlled-release fertilizer(80:120:15 kg NPK ha^(-1)).Each treatment was replicated thrice following a randomized complete block design.The results achieved herein showed that control has the highest losses in the six-year study for total nitrogen(225.97 mg L^(-1)),total soluble nitrogen(121.58 mg L^(-1)),nitrate nitrogen(0.93 mg L^(-1)),total phosphorus(0.57 mg L^(-1)),and total soluble phosphorus(0.57 mg L^(-1))respectively.Reduced fertilizer and water application improved crop nutrient uptake,nitrogen concentration was significantly enhanced with organic and inorganic fertilizer+water-saving irrigation,P concentration was increased with fertilizer decrement+water-saving irrigation,and K concentration was improved with fertilizer decrement+water-saving irrigation.Hence,this study concludes that reduced inorganic fertilizer dose combined with water-saving practices is significantly helpful in reducing nutrient leaching losses and improving nutrient uptake and water pollution.Further studies are needed to explore the impacts of reduced fertilization and water-saving irrigation on leaching losses.The benefits at different climatic conditions,soil types,and fertilizer types with application methods are also a research gap. | Xiaotong Liu Muhammad Amjad Bashir Yucong Geng Qurat-Ul-Ain Raza Abdur Rehim Muhammad Aon Jianhang Luo Ying Zhao Xuejun Zhang Hongbin Liu | 2023 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2023，92，5： | 0 |
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