| 1 | Countrywide Survey for MERS-Coronavirus Antibodies in Dromedaries and Humans in Pakistan显示文摘Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe respiratory disease in humans. Although dromedary camels are considered as a major reservoir host, the MERS-CoV infection dynamics in camels are not fully understood. Through surveillance in Pakistan, nasal (n = 776) and serum (n = 1050)samples were collected from camels between November 2015 and February 2018. Samples were collected from animal markets, free-roaming herds and abattoirs. An in-house ELISA was developed to detect IgG against MERS-CoV. A total of 794 camels were found seropositive for MERS-CoV. Prevalence increased with the age and the highest seroprevalence was recorded in camels aged [ 10 years (81.37%) followed by those aged 3.1–10 years (78.65%) and B 3 years (58.19%).Higher prevalence was observed in female (78.13%) as compared to male (70.70%). Of the camel nasal swabs, 22 were found to be positive by RT-qPCR though with high Ct values. Moreover, 2,409 human serum samples were also collected from four provinces of Pakistan during 2016–2017. Among the sampled population, 840 humans were camel herders.Although we found a high rate of MERS-CoV antibody positive dromedaries (75.62%) in Pakistan, no neutralizing antibodies were detected in humans with and without contact to camels. | Ali Zohaib Muhammad Saqib Muhammad Ammar Athar Jing Chen Awais-ur-Rahman Sial Saeed Khan Zeeshan Taj Halima Sadia Usman Tahir Muhammad Haleem Tayyab Muhammad Asif Qureshi Muhammad Khalid Mansoor Muhammad Ahsan Naeem Bing-Jie Hu Bilal Ahmed Khan Ikram Din Ujjan Bei Li Wei Zhang Yun Luo Yan Zhu Cecilia Waruhiu Iahtasham Khan Xing-Lou Yang Muhammad Sohail Sajid Victor Max Corman Bing Yan Zheng-Li Shi | 2018 | Virologica Sinica2018，33，5： | 1 |
| 2 | Argemone mexicana extract alleviates gastrointestinal disorders by stimulating muscarinic receptors and blocking voltage-gated L-type calcium channels显示文摘Objective:To investigate the pharmacological potential of Argemone mexicana in treating constipation and emesis by using in vitro and in vivo models.Methods:The spasmogenic and spasmolytic effects were evaluated on isolated rabbit jejunum fragments loaded in a tissue organ bath.The response was recorded with an isotonic transducer attached with Power Lab Data Acquisition System.The laxative and antiemetic activities were assessed in BALB-c mice and poultry chicks challenged with carbamylcholine and copper sulphate stimulated emesis,respectively.Results:The total phenolic and total flavonoids contents of the extract were(267.75±5.77)mg GAE/g and(73.86±6.01)mg QE/g,respectively.Argemone mexicana extract exerted spasmogenic effect on isolated rabbit jejunum segments with an EC_(50)value of 0.016 mg/m L,which was blocked by atropine(0.3μM).Argemone mexicana extract exerted spasmolytic effect in atropine treated jejunum fragments with an EC_(50)value of 2.185 mg/mL.Furthermore,Argemone mexicana extract relaxed potassium(80 mM)-induced contractions(EC_(50):9.07 mg/mL),similar to a standard drug verapamil.The calcium channel blocker activity was confirmed by a rightward shift of concentration-response curve of calcium in the presence of Argemone mexicana extract(1-5 mg/mL)and verapamil(0.1-1μM).In addition,the extract increased the distance travelled by a charcoal in the gastrointestinal tract and exhibited antiemetic effect on copper sulphate induced emesis in chicks.Conclusions:Argemone mexicana shows cholinergic agonist and calcium channel blocker activities,as well as antiemetic effect.It may be used as a potential agent for treating gastrointestinal disorders. | Rabia Iqbal Irfan Hamid Khalid Hussain Janbaz Muhammad Furqan Akhtar Ammara Saleem Ali Sharif Sohaib Peerzada Bushra Akhtar Kashif Sohail Sajid Ali | 2021 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2021，11，5： | 0 |
| 3 | An Insight into Different Strategies for Control and Prophylaxis of Fasciolosis:A Review显示文摘Fasciolosis is one of the important diseases of livestock and has zoonotic importance.Fasciolosis can cause huge economic losses due to decrease in milk and meat production,decreased feed conversion ratio,and cost of treatment.Treatment and prophylaxis strategies for Fasciola infection are formed based on epidemiological data.The control of Fasciola infection can be attained by treating the animals with active anthelmintics.The use of different combinations of anthelmintics with a possible rotation is more effective against immature as well as adult flukes.Control of the intermediate host(snail)is vital for the reduction of fasciolosis.Due to the rapid growth of snails,the eradication is quite difficult in waterlogged and marshy areas.The use of different grazing methods and treatment of grazing areas can also help to control fasciolosis.A variety of antigens generated by Fasciola spp.have been shown to protect against liver fluke infection.The crude antigens,excretory/secretory,and refined antigens and their combination can be used as prophylactic treatment for the control of fasciolosis.The use of any of the single or combination of these methods can be very effective for the control of fasciolosis. | Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan Muhammad Sohail Sajid Haider Abbas Sadia Ghazanfer Mamoona Arshad | 2022 | Journal of Advances in International Veterinary Research2022，4，1： | 0 |
| 4 | Epidemiology and Control of Congo Fever in Sacrificial Animals of Pakistan显示文摘The cases and deaths due to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever(CCHF)virus commonly known as Congo virus(fatality rate 15%)have been reported throughout Pakistan from the last few years especially during religious occasion,Eid-ul-Azha.The annual increase in death rates due to CCHF demonstrate the importance of awareness of Congo fever at academia as well as public level.The symptoms of Congo fever which appear one to nine days after tick bite,include sudden high fever,muscle aches,abdominal pain,headache,dizziness,sore eyes,jaundice,mood swings,confusion,aggression,and sensitivity to light.The other signs include sore throat,joint pain,vomiting,diarrhea,hemorrhages,and bleeding from skin and large intestine.The Infection has been reported in many species of wild as well as domestic animals including hares,cattle,sheep,goats,dogs,mice and hedgehogs.At least 31 species of Hyalomma,Boophilus,Rhipicephalus,Dermacentor(Ixodidae:hard ticks)act as vector of CCHF in which transovarial,transstadial and venereal transmission occurs.The virus attacks the immune system of the host and influences the immune cells.The Congo fever virus can be isolated from blood,plasma and many body tissues(kidneys,liver,spleen,lungs,brain and bone marrow).Mice inoculation,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)can be used for detection of the infection.Furthermore,IgM and IgG antibodies against CCHFV can also be detected and quantified.Education of general public,tick control with acaricides,use of anti-CCHFV immunoglobulin,usage of approved repellents to prevent tick bites,wearing neutral-coloured garments,application of a permethrin spray to the clothing,avoiding tall grasses and shrubs,applying sunscreen,avoiding direct contact with the blood or tissues of animals are the factors for successful prevention of the infection. | Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan Muhammad Sohail Sajid Haider Abbas Muhammad Fiaz Qamar Qaiser Akram Mahvish Maqbool | 2019 | Veterinary Science Research2019，1，2： | 0 |
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