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| 1 | Indirect costs associated with deaths from the Ebola virus disease in West Africa显示文摘Background:By 28 June 2015,there were a total of 11,234 deaths from the Ebola virus disease(EVD)in five West African countries(Guinea,Liberia,Mali,Nigeria and Sierra Leone).The objective of this study was to estimate the future productivity losses associated with EVD deaths in these West African countries,in order to encourage increased investments in national health systems.Methods:A cost-of-illness method was employed to calculate future non-health(NH)gross domestic product(GDP)(NHGDP)losses associated with EVD deaths.The future non-health GDP loss(NHGDPLoss)was discounted at 3%.Separate analyses were done for three different age groups(<=14 years,15–44 years and=>45 years)for the five countries(Guinea,Liberia,Mali,Nigeria,and Sierra Leone)affected by EVD.We also conducted a one-way sensitivity analysis at 5 and 10%discount rates to gauge their impacts on expected NHGDPLoss.Results:The discounted value of future NHGDPLoss due to the 11,234 deaths associated with EVD was estimated to be Int$(international dollars)155,663,244.About 27.86%of the loss would be borne by Guinea,34.84%by Liberia,0.10%by Mali,0.24%by Nigeria and 36.96%by Sierra Leone.About 27.27%of the loss is attributed to those aged under 14 years,66.27%to those aged 15–44 years and 6.46%to those aged over 45 years.The average NHGDPLoss per EVD death was estimated to be Int$17,473 for Guinea,Int$11,283 for Liberia,Int$25,126 for Mali,Int$47,364 for Nigeria and Int$14,633 for Sierra Leone.Conclusion:In spite of alluded limitations,the estimates of human and economic losses reported in this paper,in addition to those projected by the World Bank,show that EVD imposes a significant economic burden on the affected West African countries.That heavy burden,coupled with human rights and global security concerns,underscores the urgent need for increased domestic and external investments to enable Guinea,Liberia and Sierra Leone(and other vulnerable African countries)to develop resilient health systems,including core capacities to detect,assess,notify,verify and report events,and to respond to public health risks and emergencies. | Joses Muthuri Kirigia Felix Masiye Doris Gatwiri Kirigia Patricia Akweongo | 2015 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2015，4，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors in reducing mortality in patients admitted to hospital with influenza A HIN1 pdm09 virus in- fection: a metaanalysis of individual participant data 显示文摘 | Muthuri SG Venkatesan S Myles PR | 2014 | Lancet Respir Med2014，2，5： | 1 |
| 3 | History of knee injuries and knee osteoarthritis:a meta-analysis of observationalstudies显示文摘 | Muthuri S G Mc Williams D F Doherty M | 2011 | Osteoarthritis Cartilage2011，19，11： | 1 |
| 4 | Temporal changes in phytoplankton structure and composition at the Turkwel Gorge Reservoir, Kenya显示文摘 | Kiplagat Kotut Lothar Krienitz Francis M. Muthuri | 1998 | Hydrobiologia (-)1998，，1： | 1 |
| 5 | The monetary value of human lives lost due to neglected tropical diseases in Africa显示文摘Background:Neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)are an important cause of death and disability in Africa.This study estimates the monetary value of human lives lost due to NTDs in the continent in 2015.Methods:The lost output or human capital approach was used to evaluate the years of life lost due to premature deaths from NTDs among 10 high/upper-middle-income(Group 1),17 middle-income(Group 2)and 27 low-income(Group 3)countries in Africa.The future losses were discounted to their present values at a 3%discount rate.The model was re-analysed using 5%and 10%discount rates to assess the impact on the estimated total value of human lives lost.Results:The estimated value of 67860 human lives lost in 2015 due to NTDs was Int$5112472607.Out of that,14.6%was borne by Group 1,57.7%by Group 2 and 27.7%by Group 3 countries.The mean value of human life lost per NTD death was Int$231278,Int$109771 and Int$37489 for Group 1,Group 2 and Group 3 countries,respectively.The estimated value of human lives lost in 2015 due to NTDs was equivalent to 0.1%of the cumulative gross domestic product of the 53 continental African countries.Conclusions:Even though NTDs are not a major cause of death,they impact negatively on the productivity of those affected throughout their life-course.Thus,the case for investing in NTDs control should also be influenced by the value of NTD morbidity,availability of effective donated medicines,human rights arguments,and need to achieve the NTD-related target 3.3 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3(on health)by 2030. | Joses Muthuri Kirigia Gitonga N.Mburugu | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Tree and crop produc- tivity in Grevillea, Alnus and Paulownia- based agroforestry systems in semi-arid Kenya显示文摘 | Muthuri C W Ong C K Black C R | 2005 | Forest Ecology and Manage- ment2005，212，1： | 1 |
| 7 | History of kneeinjuries and knee osteoarthritis: a meta - analysis of obser- vationalstudies 显示文摘 | Muthuri SG McWilliams DF Doherty M | 2011 | Osteoarthritis Cartilage2011，19，11： | 1 |
| 8 | Productivity losses associated with tuberculosis deaths in the World Health Organization African region显示文摘Background:In 2014,almost half of the global tuberculosis deaths occurred in the World Health Organization(WHO)African Region.Approximately 21.5%of the 6060742 TB cases(new and relapse)reported to the WHO in 2014 were in the African Region.The specific objective of this study was to estimate future gross domestic product(GDP)losses associated with TB deaths in the African Region for use in advocating for better strategies to prevent and control tuberculosis.Methods:The cost-of-illness method was used to estimate non-health GDP losses associated with TB deaths.Future non-health GDP losses were discounted at 3%.The analysis was conducted for three income groups of countries.One-way sensitivity analysis at 5 and 10%discount rates was undertaken to assess the impact on the expected non-health GDP loss.Results:The 0.753 million tuberculosis deaths that occurred in the African Region in 2014 would be expected to decrease the future non-health GDP by International Dollars(Int$)50.4 billion.Nearly 40.8,46.7 and 12.5%of that loss would come from high and upper-middle-countries or lower-middle-and low-income countries,respectively.The average total non-health GDP loss would be Int$66872 per tuberculosis death.The average non-health GDP loss per TB death was Int$167592 for Group 1,Int$69808 for Group 2 and Int$21513 for Group 3.Conclusion:Tuberculosis exerts a sizeable economic burden on the economies of the WHO AFR countries.This implies the need to strongly advocate for better strategies to prevent and control tuberculosis and to help countries end the epidemic of tuberculosis by 2030,as envisioned in the United Nations General Assembly resolution on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). | Joses Muthuri Kirigia Rosenabi Deborah Karimi Muthuri | 2016 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2016，5，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Temporal changes in phytoplankton structure and composition at the Turkwel Gorge reservoir,Kenya显示文摘 | Kotou K Krientz L Muthuri FM | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Impact of neuraminidase inhibitor treatment on outcomes of public health importance during the 2009-2010 influenza A(H1N1)pandemic:a systematic review and meta-analysis in hospitalized patients显示文摘 | Muthuri SG Myles PR Venkatesan S | 2013 | J Infect Dis2013，207，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Re-sults from Kenya’s 2014 report card on physical activity andbody weight of children and youth 显示文摘 | LUCY-JOY M WACHIRA STELLA K MUTHURI^/a/ | 2014 | J Phys Act Health2014，11，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Temporal changes in phyto- plankton structure and composition at the Turkwel Gorge Reservoir显示文摘 | Kotut K Krienitz L Muthuri F M | 1998 | Hydrobiologia1998，368，： | 1 |
| 13 | History of knee injuries and knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies显示文摘 | Muthuri SG MeWilliams DF Doherty M | 2011 | Osteoarthritis Cartilage2011，19，11： | 1 |
| 14 | Tree and crop productivity in Grevillea, Alnus and Paulownia-based agrofor- estry systems in semi-arid Kenya显示文摘 | Muthuri C W Ong C K Black C R | 2005 | For Ecol Manage2005，212，： | 1 |
| 15 | Nutrient relationships in shallow waterin an African Lake, Lake Naivasha 显示文摘 | Gaudet J Muthuri F M | 1981 | Oecologia1981，49，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Temporal changes in phytoplankton structure and composition at the Turkwel Gorge Reservoir显示文摘 | Kotut K Krienitz L Muthuri F M | 1998 | Kenya Hydrobiologia1998，，368： | 1 |
| 17 | Temporal changes in phytoplankton structure and composition at the Turkwel Gorge Reservoir, Kenya显示文摘 | Kiplagat Kotut Lothar Krienitz Francis M. Muthuri | 1998 | Hydrobiologia (-)1998，，1： | 1 |
| 18 | History of knee injuries and knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies 显示文摘 | Muthuri SG McWilliams DF Doherty M | 2011 | Osteoarthritis Cartilage2011，19，： | 1 |
| 19 | Standing bioroass and carbon distribution in a papyrus ( Cyperus papyrus L ) swamp on Lake Naivasha, Kenya 显示文摘 | Jones M B Muthuri F M | 1997 | Tropical Ecology1997，13，3： | 1 |
| 20 | CoTelates of objectively measured overweight/ obesity and physical activity in Kenyan school children: results from ISCOLE-Kenya 显示文摘 | Muthuri SK Wachira LJ Onywera VO | 2014 | Bmc Public Health2014，14，10： | 1 |
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