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| 1 | Nitrite-derived nitric oxide by xanthine oxidoreductase protects the liver against ischemia- reperfusion injury显示文摘It was demonstrated that xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), during ischemia, catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite (NO2-) and this NO2--derived NO protects the isolated perfused rat heart against the damaging effects of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) when conventional nitric oxide synthase (NOS) -dependent NO production is impaired. Liver is one of the organs with the highest XOR concentration. This study was designed to determine whether NO2--derived NO by XOR protects liver against I/R injury in vivo. For its minute amounts and active reactivity, NO can not be detected directly in real time in vivo by this time. We have to prove the above hypothesis indirectly. METHODS:Wistar rats were pretreated with saline, NOS inhibitor L-NAME (10 mg/kg intravenously), XOR inhibitor allopurinol (1.5 mg/kg orally), L-NAME +allopurinol and NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO (0.6 mg/kg intravenously) respectively (12 animals per group). And then, they were subjected to total liver ischemia for 40 minutes followed by reperfusion. Blood samples and liver tissues were obtained for analysis after 3 hours of reperfusion. Survival was also investigated. RESULTS:Allopurinol-treated animals exhibited further increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and liver myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, but further decreased liver adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stores after I/R compared to saline-treated counterparts (830.5±108.3 U/L, 56.5±11.0 U/mg protein and 1.93±0.47 μmol/g vs. 505.8± 184.2 U/L, 41.5±10.2 U/mg protein and 3.05±0.55 μmol/g respectively, P<0.01, P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively). The hepatocyte injury was further exacerbated and the overall survival rate was significantly decreased after I/R in animals given by allopurinol compared to those pretreated by saline (P<0.05). L-NAME and allopurinol co-treated animals exhibited more severe liver injury (P<0.05 and P<0.01) and a further decreased overall survival rate (P<0.05) compared to L-NAME or allopurinol alone-treated counterparts, but they were not different from carboxy-PTIO treated animals (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:NO2--derived NO by XOR in the hypoxic and acidic environment induced by hepatic I/R protects the liver against I/R injury in vivo. | Department of General Surgery ( Lu P, Wang CY and Chen DD), and Department of Radiology (Liu F), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA ( Yao Z) General Surgery Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 , China (Tian Y, Zhang JH and Wu YH) | 2005 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2005，4，3： | 4 |
| 2 | Influenza virus isolations from dogs during a human epidemic in Taiwan显示文摘 | Chang C P New A E Taylor J F etal | 1976 | Zoonoses1976，3，： | 1 |
| 3 | Stockholm Convention POPs-a global perspective on the management of lindane and its waste isomers 显示文摘 | Vijgen J Abhilash P C Hexachlorocyclohexane ( HCH ) Li Y F as new | 2011 | Environ Sci Pollut Res Int2011，18，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Effi- cacy of human papillomarivus testing for the detection of invasion cervical cancers and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a random- ised controlled trial显示文摘 | Ronco G Giorgi-Rossi P Carozzi F and the New Technoli- gies for Cervical Cancer screening(NTCC) Working Group | 2010 | Lancet Oneol2010，11，： | 1 |
| 5 | Temperature distribution and thermal distortion of brake drums 显示文摘 | Ashworth F J Sherbiny M New comb T P | 1977 | Proc Inst Mech Engrs - Part D : Journal of Automobile Engineering1977，191，： | 1 |
| 6 | Potential hazards and artifacts of ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic surgical and dental materials and devices in nuclear magneticresonance imaging显示文摘 | New P F Rosen B R Brady T J | 1983 | Radiology1983，147，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Spinal cord injury management and rehabilitation: highlights and shortcomings from the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan显示文摘 | Rathore F A Farooq F Muzammil S New P W Ahmad N Haig A J | 2008 | Arch Phys Med Rehab2008，89，： | 1 |
| 8 | Modelling of high speed gas quenching显示文摘Gas quenching has been used in vacuum furnaces for many years and its characteristics for bulk quenching of components are well known. More recently the use of gas quenching applied to single or small groups of components that were heated in either vacuum or conventional atmosphere furnaces has been proposed. Gas quenching may be seen as meeting the needs of modern 'batches-of-one' processing for 'just-in-time' manufacturing. It is clean, non-toxic and leaves no residues to be removed after processing. If this process is to be possible then heat extraction rates equivalent to those obtained from a medium quench oil must be achieved uniformly at the surface of real components. There are several strategies for meeting this aim: first, conventional high pressure quenching; second, moderate velocity quenching utilising a high heat transfer coefficient gas such as helium, and third, high velocity quenching utilising a gas with lower thermal efficiency. The implementation cost for the first strategy is high as is the miming cost of the second unless high cost gas recycling equipment is considered. In the third, overall costs can be minimised by using a low cost gas such as nitrogen without the need to recycle. It is this third strategy which is the subject of this paper. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to determine if indeed the process could achieve the required results and then to optimise the process parameters off-line. Implementation of a feasible process will then be carried out in the field. | P F Stratton, D Ho and Saxena 1.BOC Gases, European Development Centre, Rother Valley Way, Holbrook, Sheffield S20 3RP, UK. 2.The HOC Group Technical Centre, 100 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974-2064, USA | 2000 | Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science)2000，5，1： | 0 |
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