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| 1 | Influence of feeding crimped kernel maize silage on the course of subclinical necrotic enteritis in a broiler disease model显示文摘This experiment was carried out with 375 male broilers(Ross 308) from days 1 to 28 to evaluate the influence of crimped kernel maize silage(CKMS) on the manifestation of subclinical necrotic enteritis,microbiota counts, organic acid production and relative weights of gastrointestinal segments. A necrotic enteritis disease model was applied. Birds were allocated into 3 different dietary treatments: a maizebased feed(MBF, control diet), and 2 diets supplemented with 15%(CKMS15) or 30%(CKMS30) of crimped ensiled kernel maize. The disease model involved a 10-time overdose of an attenuated live vaccine against coccidiosis given orally on day 17, followed by oral inoculation of Clostridium perfringens Type A(S48,10~8 to 10~9 bacteria/bird) twice daily on days 18,19, 20 and 21. Scoring of intestinal lesions was performed on days 22, 23, 25 and 28. Ileal and caecal digesta samples were collected for the quantification of selected bacterial groups and organic acids. The results showed that there was no effect of dietary treatments on small intestinal lesion scores(P> 0.05). Lesions scores peaked on days 23 and 25 and decreased again on day 28(P = 0.001). No effect of age on microbiota counts was observed, but feeding of CKMS30 reduced the number of coliforms in ileal contents(P = 0.01). Dietary treatments did not affect organic acid concentrations in ileum and caeca, but there was an effect of age; butyric acid was higher on days 22, 23 and 25 than on day 28(P = 0.04). Acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations in caeca were the highest on days 22 and 28 but the lowest on days 23 and 25. Relative gizzard and caeca weights were increased, and relative ileum weights were decreased when birds were fed CKMS30(P < 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of CKMS in broiler diets had no effects on the course of necrotic enteritis but had potential benefits in terms of inhibition of potentially harmful microorganisms. | Nisha Sharma Samir Ranjitkar Nishchal K.Sharma Ricarda M.Engberg | 2017 | Animal Nutrition2017，，4： | 5 |
| 2 | Performance,litter quality and gaseous odour emissions of broilers fed phytase supplemented diets显示文摘The effect of graded levels of phytase on performance, bone characteristics, excreta/litter quality and odorant emissions was examined using 720 Ross 308 male d-old broilers. A 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed with 6 replicates of 15 birds per pen. Factors were: diets-positive and negative control(PC, NC); phytase-0, 500,1,000.1,500 FTU/kg. The PC was formulated to meet the 2014 Ross 308 nutrient specifications, whereas the NC was formulated with lower Ca(-1.4 g/kg), available P(-1.5 g/kg), Na(-0.3 g/kg), dLys(-0.2 g/kg) and MEn(-0.28 MJ/kg) equivalent to nutrient matrix values for 500 FTU/kg phytase in the starter,grower and finisher periods(i.e.,downspec diet). On d 24, phytase decreased FCR by 1.6, 4.3 and 4.6 points at inclusion levels of 500.1,000 and 1,500 FTU/kg, respectively(P < 0.01) across all diets. Phytase by diet interactions on BW gain were observed on d 24 and 35(P < 0.01). The effect of phytase was much more pronounced in the NC diet as compared with the PC diet.On d 24, phytase increased BW gain by 37, 55 and 68 g in the PC and 127.233 and 173 g in the NC at 500,1,000 and 1,500 FTU/kg, respectively. Diet by phytase interactions were also observed for tibia ash, litter quality and water to feed intake ratio(P < 0.01) with higher phytase effect in NC as compared with PC.Neither diet nor phytase impacted excreta moisture content on d 18 or 21(P> 0.05). Solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS) analysis of gaseous emissions on d 39 indicated no difference in the emission of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, volatile fatty acids and phenols between treatments(P> 0.05). The results indicate that phytase has greater benefits when formulated using nutrient matrix values as compared with adding it over the top in an already nutrient sufficient diet. The later method would be expected to increase feed costs without concomitant performance benefits. | Nishchal K.Sharma Mingan Choct Shu-Biao Wu Robert Smillie Natalie Morgan Amal S.Omar Nisha Sharma Robert A.Swick | 2016 | Animal Nutrition2016，，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Effects of L-arginine and L-citrulline supplementation in reduced protein diets for broilers under normal and cyclic warm temperature显示文摘Heat stress causes significant economic losses in the broiler industry.Dietary supplementation of arginine(Arg)and citrulline(Cit)might increase the performance of broilers raised under warm temperature due to vasodilation effects.This study investigated the effects of L-Arg or L-Cit supplementation in broilers fed a reduced protein wheat-based diet deficient in Arg under thermoneutral(NT)and cyclic warm temperature(WT).Ross 308 cockerels(n=720)were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments with 12 replicates of 15 birds per pen from d 7 to 21.The 4 treatments were:normal protein(NP),i.e.,22.3%and 20.9%crude protein in grower and finisher,respectively;reduced protein(RP),i.e.,2.5%lower protein and deficient in Arg;and RP supplemented with 0.28%Arg(RP-Arg)or 0.28%Cit(RP-Cit).A factorial arrangement of treatments was applied during the finisher phase(21 to 35 d).Factors were:diet(4 diets above);and temperature,NT(24℃)or cyclic WT(33±1℃for 6 h per day)with 6 replicate pens per treatment.During 7 to 35 d and 21 to 35 d,the birds fed the RP diet had lower body weight gain(BWG)and higher FCR compared to the NP diet(P<0.01).The addition of Arg or Cit to RP decreased FCR compared to RP(P<0.01).During 21 to 35 d,the birds exposed to WT had lower feed intake(FI),lower BWG(P<0.001)but similar FCR(P>0.05)compared to birds exposed to NT.Diet by temperature interactions were not observed for performance parameters during the period of WT(P>0.05).On d 35,the RP-fed birds had a lower yield of thigh and drumstick,higher fat pad,lower femur ash,and breaking strength but similar serum uric acid level and higher nitrogen digestibility on d 21 compared to those offered NP(P<0.05).Supplementation of Arg or Cit to RP resulted in increased femur ash on d 35(P<0.05).Thus,feeding the NP diets is necessary to maintain growth performance in broilers regardless of the temperature conditions. | Hiep Thi Dao Nishchal K.Sharma Emma J.Bradbury Robert A.Swick | 2021 | Animal Nutrition2021，，4： | 3 |
| 4 | Dietary composition affects odour emissions from meat chickens显示文摘Abatement of odour emissions has become an important consideration to agricultural industries,including poultry production. The link between diet and odour emissions was studied in two experiments using Ross 308 male meat chickens reared in specially designed chambers in a climate controlled room. In the first experiment, two treatments were compared using three replicates of two birds per chamber. Two wheat-soy based treatment diets were formulated with or without canola seed, an ingredient rich in sulfur amino acids, Treatment 1(T1) had 13,39 MJ/kg ME(as fed) and used 60 g/kg canola seed without corn while Treatment 2(T2) contained 12.90 MJ/kg ME(as fed) and used 150 g/kg corn without canola seed. In the second experiment, birds were assigned to three dietary treatments of five replicates with five birds per replicate(chamber). The basal starter, grower and finisher diets in the control group(SBM group) contained soybean meal in the range of 227-291 g/kg(as fed) as the main protein source. The other treatments(CM and MBM groups) contained either high levels of canola meal(174-190 g/kg) or meat meal(74-110 g/kg) at the expense of soybean meal. In both experiments, diets were isocaloric, isonitrogenous and contained similar digestible amino acid contents as per 2007 Aviagen Ross 308 guidelines. Emissions of odour were measured using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy. In both experiments, major odorous compounds detected included 2,3-butanedione(diacetyl),2-butanone, dimethyl disulfide, methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, 2-butanol, 3-methyl-butanal,phenol and m-cresol. In the first experiment, Tl(with canola seed) produced higher concentration of methyl mercaptan(P < 0.05) and lower diacetyl(P < 0.01) than T2. In the second experiment, methyl mercaptan emission was higher in SBM group(P = 0.01) and total elemental sulfur were higher in SBM and CM groups up to day 24(P < 0.01). Results of these experiments indicated a direct link between diet and odour emissions from meat chickens. | Nishchal K.Sharma Mingan Choct Shu-Biao Wu Robert Smillie Robert A.Swick | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Event-Triggered Sliding Mode Control for Trajectory Tracking of Nonlinear Systems显示文摘In this paper, an event-triggered sliding mode control approach for trajectory tracking problem of nonlinear input affine system with disturbance has been proposed. A second order robotic manipulator system has been modeled into a general nonlinear input affine system. Initially, the global asymptotic stability is ensured with conventional periodic sampling approach for reference trajectory tracking. Then the proposed approach of event-triggered sliding mode control is discussed which guarantees semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness. The proposed control approach guarantees non-accumulation of control updates ensuring lower bounds on inter-event triggering instants avoiding Zeno behavior in presence of the disturbance. The system shows better performance in terms of reduced control updates, ensures system stability which further guarantees optimization of resource usage and cost. The simulation results are provided for validation of proposed methodology for tracking problem by a robotic manipulator. The number of aperiodic control updates is found to be approximately 44% and 61% in the presence of constant and time-varying disturbances respectively. | Aquib Mustafa Narendra K.Dhar Nishchal K Verma | 2020 | IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica2020，7，1： | 2 |
| 6 | Fully Phase Encryption Using Digital Holography 显示文摘 | NISHCHAL N K JOSEPH J SINGH K | 2004 | Opt Eng2004，43，12： | 1 |
| 7 | Fully Phase Encryption Using Digital Holography显示文摘 | NISHCHAL N K JOSEPH J SINGH K | 2004 | Opt Eng2004，43，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Fresnel domain nonlinear optical image encryption scheme based on Gerchberg-Saxton phase-retrieval algorithm 显示文摘 | S K Rajput N K Nishchal | 2014 | Appl Opt2014，53，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Optical image watermarking using fractional Fourier transform 显示文摘 | NISHCHAL N K | 2009 | Journal of Optics2009，38，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Design parameters of hybrid correlator 显示文摘 | BERI V K NISHCHAL N K GUPTA A K | 2008 | Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics2008，46，： | 1 |
| 11 | Retrieval and classification of shape-based objects using Fourier, generic Fourier, and wavelet-Fourier descriptors technique: A comparative study 显示文摘 | Yadav R B Nishchal N K Gupta A K | 2007 | Optics and Lasers in Engineering2007，45，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Fully phasebased encryption using fractional order Fourier domain random phase encoding: error analysis显示文摘 | Naveen Kumar Nishchal Joby Joseph Kehar Singh | 2004 | Optical Engineering2004，43，10： | 1 |
| 13 | Optical encryption using cascaded extended fractional Fourier transform显示文摘 | NISHCHAL N K JOSEPH J SIGNH K | 2003 | Opt Mem Neural Net2003，12，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Re- trieval and classification of objects using generic Fourier, Legendre moment, and wavelet Zernike moment descriptors and recognition using joint transform correlator显示文摘 | Yadav R B Nishchal N K Gupta A K | 2008 | Optics & Laser Technolo- gy2008，40，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Retrieval and classification of shape-based objects using Fourier,generic Fourier,and wavelet-Fourier descriptors technique:a comparative study显示文摘 | Yaday R B Nishchal N K Gupta A K | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 16 | Wavelet-modified fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator显示文摘 | B Alpana K Naveen A K Nishchal | 2008 | Optics & Laser Technology2008，40，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Extended fractional wavelet joint transform correlator 显示文摘 | Alpana Bhagatji Naveen K Nishchal Arun K Gupta | 2008 | Optical Communications2008，281，： | 1 |
| 18 | Securing information using fractional Fourier transform in digital holography 显示文摘 | NISHCHAL N K JOSEPH J SINGH K | 2004 | Optics Communications2004，235，46： | 1 |
| 19 | Optical Phase encryption by phase contrast using electrically addressed spatial light modulator 显示文摘 | Nishchal N K Joseph J Singh K | 2003 | Opt Comm2003，217，16： | 1 |
| 20 | Fully phase-encrypted memory using cascaded extended fractional Fourier transform显示文摘 | NISHCHAL N K JOSEPH J SINGH K | 2004 | Optics and Lasers in Engineering2004，42，2： | 1 |
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