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| 1 | 闭环式管理:从战略到运营显示文摘平衡计分卡创始人罗伯特·卡普兰和戴维·诺顿建立了一个闭环式的管理体系,将战略和运营结合起来,并为每个阶段提供了各种工具。 | 罗伯特·卡普兰(Robert S. Kaplan) 戴维·诺顿(David P. Norton) 章程(翻译) | 2008 | 商业评论2008，，2： | 32 |
| 2 | 中国北方全新世人群头面部形态特征的微观演化显示文摘通过对中国北方地区新石器时代(161例)、青铜铁器时代(423例)和现代(134例)成年男性头骨的21项测量项目的对比、分析和显著性检验,对中国全新世人群颅骨形态特征的微观演化(microevolution)问题进行了研究.结果显示近万年来中国全新世人群的体质特征仍在进化.从新石器时代经过青铜铁器时代到现代,脑颅和面颅趋向缩小、鼻型趋向狭化、眶型趋向高窄化、颅型趋向圆隆化.在不同的演化时期里,颅骨各个性状的表现特点和变化幅度亦不同.脑颅缩小主要发生在从青铜铁器时代到现代.面颅缩小、狭鼻化及高眶化现象持续地发生在整个全新世时期,有可能还在继续演化.世界各地人群体质特征相似的演化趋势表明,全新世人群头骨形态特征的微观演化是受人类进化机制制约的.头骨缩小的原因与气候、环境及人们生活方式的改变有一定的关系. | 吴秀杰 刘武 张全超 朱泓 Christopher Norton | 2007 | 科学通报2007，52，2： | 17 |
| 3 | 颅内模——人类脑演化研究的直接证据及研究状况显示文摘脑演化是人类演化的重要组成部分.尽管通过不同的方式都可以获取人类脑演化的信息,但颅内模作为古人类大脑形态的固化保存形式,储存着古人类脑的解剖、生理和进化等方面的信息,提供分析和探索人类脑进化的直接证据.文中概述了颅内模的主要特征及人类脑演化关注的几个问题,包括绝对脑量和相对脑量的进化,脑的形态特征及各脑叶的解剖结构的变化,脑不对称性与一侧优势,脑膜中动脉系统和静脉窦系统,计算机CT虚拟成像技术和三维重建对脑演化研究的促进.针对我国脑演化研究的状况,对未来工作加以展望. | 吴秀杰 刘武 Christopher Norton | 2007 | 自然科学进展2007，17，6： | 13 |
| 4 | Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians显示文摘Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common problem encountered in the emergency department and in the primary care setting. Acute or overt gastrointestinal bleeding is visible in the form of hematemesis, melena or hematochezia. Chronic or occult gastrointestinal bleeding is notapparent to the patient and usually presents as positive fecal occult blood or iron deficiency anemia. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is recurrent bleeding when the source remains unidentified after upper endoscopy and colonoscopic evaluation and is usually from the small intestine. Accurate clinical diagnosis is crucial and guides definitive investigations and interventions. This review summarizes the overall diagnostic approach to gastrointestinal bleeding and provides a practical guide for clinicians. | Bong Sik Matthew Kim Bob T Li Alexander Engel Jaswinder S Samra Stephen Clarke Ian D Norton Angela E Li | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2014，5，4： | 13 |
| 5 | Craniofacial morphological microevolution of Holocene populations in northern China显示文摘In order to better understand microevolutionary processes in Holocene Chinese craniofacial mor- phology, an analysis has been done on 21 metric traits on Neolithic (n=161), Bronze Age (n=423) and modern (n=134) adult male skulls from northern China. The results indicate that the physical characters of these Chinese populations evolved throughout the Holocene. From the Neolithic to Bronze Age to present day, general trends include: cranial and facial sizes decrease; the nose gets narrower and longer; the orbits become narrower and higher; the head is more globular. The expression of the cranial features varies between the different time periods. The decrease in cranial size primarily occurred from the Bronze Age to present day. However, the decrease in facial size, the narrowing of the nose, and the elevation of the orbits took place throughout the Holocene. These traits are likely still evolving. This evolving pattern of the cranial features for the Holocene Chinese populations is similar to that found elsewhere in the world. The decrease in overall craniofacial size is associated with changes in climate and diet. In addition, it is possible that the craniofacial morphological microevolution is controlled by human evolutionary mechanisms. | WU XiuJie LIU Wu ZHANG QuanChao ZHU Hong Christopher J. NORTON | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，12： | 11 |
| 6 | 基于声谱图纹理特征的蛋鸡发声分类识别显示文摘为有效地辨别蛋鸡不同类型声音,了解蛋鸡的健康状况以及个体需求,提高生产效率的同时改善蛋鸡福利化养殖,提出一种基于声谱图纹理特征的蛋鸡发声分类识别方法。以海兰褐蛋鸡的声音为研究对象,将图像处理和声音处理技术相结合,由一维声音信号转换为二维图像信号,二维声谱图中的纹理特征呈现了蛋鸡声音的更多细节信息。最后,利用2DGabor滤波器提取蛋鸡发声声谱图中的声纹信息,并采用人工神经网络模型进行训练和分类识别。试验结果表明,本文方法平均灵敏度和平均精确度不低于92.0%,风机噪声识别灵敏度达99.3%,鸣叫声识别灵敏度最低,为76.0%。 | 杜晓冬 滕光辉 TOMAS Norton 王朝元 刘慕霖 | 2019 | 农业机械学报2019，50，9： | 9 |
| 7 | One hundred and seventy-eight consecutive pancreatoduodenectomies without mortality:role of the multidisciplinary approach显示文摘BACKGROUND:Pancreatoduodenectomy offers the only chance of cure for patients with periampullary cancers.This,however,is a major undertaking in most patients and is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality.A multidisciplinary approach to the workup and follow-up of patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy was initiated at our institution to improve the diagnosis,resection rate,mortality and morbidity.We undertook the study to assess the effect of this approach on diagnosis,resection rates and short-term outcomes such as morbidity and mortality.METHODS:A prospective database of patients presenting with periampullary cancers to a single surgeon between April 2004 and April 2010 was reviewed.All cases were discussed at a multidisciplinary meeting comprising surgeons,gastroenterologists,radiologists,oncologists,radiation oncologists,pathologists and nursing staff.A standardized investigation and management algorithm was followed.Complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.RESULTS:A total of 295 patients with a periampullary lesion were discussed and 178 underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (resection rate 60%).Sixty-one patients (34%) required either a vascular or an additional organ resection.Eighty-nine patients experienced complications,of which the commonest was blood transfusion (12%).Thirty-four patients (19%) had major complications,i.e.grade 3 or above.There was no in-hospital,30-day or 60-day mortality.CONCLUSIONS:Pancreatoduodenectomy can safely be performed in high-volume centers with very low mortality.The surgeon's role should be careful patient selection,intensive preoperative investigations,use of a team approach,and an unbiased discussion at a multidisciplinary meeting to optimize the outcome in these patients. | Jaswinder S Samra Raul Alvarado Bachmann Julian Choi Anthony Gill Michael Neale Vikram Puttaswamy Cameron Bell Ian Norton Sarah Cho Steven Blome Ritchie Maher Sivakumar Gananadha Thomas J Hugh | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，4： | 8 |
| 8 | Current practice of anticoagulant in the treatment of splanchnic vein thrombosis secondary to acute pancreatitis显示文摘Background:Severe acute pancreatitis is a common diagnosis in emergency general surgery and can be a cause of significant morbidity and mortality.A consequence of severe acute pancreatitis is thrombus in the splanchnic veins.These thrombi can potentially lead to bowel ischemia or hepatic failure.However,another complication of severe acute pancreatitis is retroperitoneal bleeding.At this time,it is unclear if treating patients for splanchnic vein thrombosis in the context of severe acute pancreatitis is associated with any outcome benefit.A systematic review might clarify this question.Data sources:A two-fold search strategy(one broad and one precise)looked at all published literature.The review was registered on PROSPERO(ID:CRD42018102705).MEDLINE,EMBASE,PubMed,Cochrane and Web of Science databases were searched and potentially relevant papers were reviewed indepen-dently by two researchers.Any disagreement was reviewed by a third independent researcher.Primary outcome was reestablishment of flow in the thrombosed vein versus bleeding complications.Results:Of 1462 papers assessed,a total of 16 papers were eligible for inclusion.There were no ran-domized controlled trials,2 were case series,5 retrospective single-center studies and 9 case reports.There were a total of 198 patients in these studies of whom 92(46.5%)received anticoagulation therapy.The rates of recanalization of veins in the treated and non-treated groups was 14%and 11%and bleeding complications were 16%and 5%,respectively.However,the included studies were too heterogeneous to undertake a meta-analysis.Conclusions:The systematic review highlights the lack evidence addressing this clinical question.There-fore a randomized controlled trial would be appropriate to undertake. | William Norton Gabija Lazaraviciute George Ramsay Irene Kreis Irfan Ahmed Mohamed Bekheit | 2020 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2020，19，2： | 8 |
| 9 | Vanishing bile duct syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus infected adults:A report of two cases显示文摘Vanishing bile duct syndrome(VBDS) is a group of rare disorders characterized by ductopenia,the progressive destruction and disappearance of intrahepatic bile ducts leading to cholestasis.Described in association with medications,autoimmune disorders,cancer,transplantation,and infections,the specific mechanisms of disease are not known.To date,only 4 cases of VBDS have been reported in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infected patients.We report 2 additional cases of HIV-associated VBDS and review the features common to the HIV-associated cases.Presentation includes hyperbilirubinemia,normal liver imaging,and negative viral and autoimmune hepatitis studies.In HIV-infected subjects,VBDS occurred at a range of CD4+ T-cell counts,in some cases following initiation or change in antiretroviral therapy.Lymphoma was associated with two cases;nevirapine,antibiotics,and viral co-infection were suggested as etiologies in the other cases.In HIV-positive patients with progressive cholestasis,early identification of VBDS and referral for transplantation may improve outcomes. | Ana Paula Oppenheimer Christopher Koh Mary McLaughlin John C Williamson Thomas D Norton Jennifer Laudadio Theo Heller David E Kleiner Kevin P High Caryn G Morse | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，1： | 8 |
| 10 | The computational fluid dynamic modeling of downwash flow field for a six-rotor UAV显示文摘The downwash flow field of the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), formed by propellers during operation, has a significant influence on the deposition, drift and distribution of droplets as well as the spray width of the UAV for plant protection. To study the general characteristics of the distribution of the downwash airflow and simulate the static wind field of multi-rotor UAVs in hovering state, a 3 D full-size physical model of JF01-10 six-rotor plant protection UAV was constructed using Solid Works. The entire flow field surrounding the UAV and the rotation flow fields around the six rotors were established in UG software. The physical model and flow fields were meshed using unstructured tetrahedral elements in ANSYS software.Finally, the downwash flow field of UAV was simulated.With an increased hovering height, the ground effect was reduced and the minimum current velocity increased initially and then decreased. In addition, the spatial proportion of the turbulence occupied decreased. Furthermore, the appropriate operational hovering height for the JF01-10 is considered to be 3 m. These results can be applied to six-rotor plant protection UAVs employed in pesticide spraying and spray width detection. | Yongjun ZHENG Shenghui YANG Xingxing LIU Jie WANG Tomas NORTON Jian CHEN Yu TAN | 2018 | Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering2018，5，2： | 8 |
| 11 | 基于ALR-GMM的群养猪攻击行为识别算法研究显示文摘群养猪攻击行为是评估猪群对微环境适应性的重要指标。活动指数模型能够描述猪群行为模式,已经在群养猪攻击行为识别研究中得到初步验证。然而,养殖设施的差异性和动态背景环境等因素所导致的环境适应性差是限制其商业化应用的主要障碍。本文基于递归背景建模思想,在高斯混合模型(GMM)中引入双曲正切函数,提出了一种自适应学习率GMM的活动指数计算方法(ALR-GMM),能够在动态背景环境下准确提取动物活动指数。与经典模型相比,平均相对误差从15.08%降到14.34%。育肥猪攻击行为识别试验中,采用ALR-GMM算法提取行为视频单元的活动指数特征,构建了活动指数最大值、平均值、方差和标准差特征向量,采用线性核函数支持向量机建立分类器。结果表明,本文算法的正确率、灵敏度、特效度和精度分别为97.6%、97.9%、97.7%和97.8%,满足实际应用需求。 | 刘冬 何东健 陈晨 STEIBEL Juan SIEGFORD Janice NORTON Tomas | 2021 | 农业机械学报2021，52，1： | 7 |
| 12 | 基于EfficientDet网络的湖羊短时咀嚼行为识别方法显示文摘为分析羊进食行为、自动估算其进食量,提出一种从舍饲湖羊采食视频中自动识别其短时咀嚼行为的方法。首先,针对舍饲湖羊采食区域特点,在EfficientDet网络架构中增加目标框筛选模块,检测视频帧中羊嘴张开、上下颌错开及闭合3种状态,根据羊脸与相机拍摄角度的方位关系检测羊嘴状态,并为各状态赋编码值;然后,利用正则表达式提取连续视频帧中的一次上下颌张合对应的羊嘴状态编码值序列片段;最后,针对羊侧脸面对相机咀嚼、抬头正脸面对相机咀嚼、低头正脸面对相机咀嚼以及鸣叫等一次上下颌张合动作对应的羊嘴状态编码值序列片段构建分类规则,实现短时咀嚼行为的自动识别。对比了基于EfficientDet-D0~D4、YOLO v5和SSD网络的羊嘴状态检测性能,结果表明,改进的EfficientDet-D1网络能以28.18 f/s的传输速率,获得95.64%和98.84%的羊嘴状态检测精确率和均值平均精确率,优于YOLO v5和SSD网络。利用湖羊采食视频测试EfficientDet-D1网络结合正则表达式的湖羊短时咀嚼行为识别分类规则性能,结果表明,分类规则能以91.42%的自动识别正确率和90.85%的平均正确率直接从视频中提取湖羊短时咀嚼行为发生次数和持续时长。本研究将基于视频的湖羊短时咀嚼行为识别问题转换为羊嘴状态编码值序列分类问题,降低了分类模型的复杂度,为湖羊短时咀嚼行为的自动识别提供了一种新的研究思路。 | 陆明洲 梁钊董 NORTON Tomas 张生福 沈明霞 | 2021 | 农业机械学报2021，52，8： | 7 |
| 13 | 水稻褐飞虱种群动态模拟模型及其有效性检验显示文摘利用田间系统调查资料和文献报道资料,组建了水稻褐飞虱种群动态模拟模型,该模型采用生理时间、主要成分包括迁入种群的迁入时间、数量和格局;密度、生育阶段、温度、天敌和人为措施对死亡率和生殖力的影响;密度、生育阶段和短翅型比及迁出率的关系.有效性检验表明,该模型模拟的种群时间和数量动态与实际观察动态相似,在对比检验的10组历史资料中,模拟预测的全部主害代高峰期和9组主害代高峰虫量与实测值相符.实测种群动态与模拟种群动态间的差异表明,深入研究秋季低温对生殖力和死亡率的持续影响,研究田间天敌作用的正确评价及水稻生长模型,将有助于理解和预测褐飞虱的种群动态. | 程家安 章连观 何孙忠 范泉根 Holt J. Norton G.A. | 1989 | 浙江农业大学学报1989，15，2： | 5 |
| 14 | Soil Bulk Density Estimation Methods: A Review显示文摘Measurement of soil bulk density is important for understanding the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. Accurate and rapid soil bulk density measurement techniques play a significant role in agricultural experimental research. This review is a comprehensive summary of existing measurement methods and evaluates their advantages, disadvantages, potential sources of error,and directions for future development. These techniques can be broadly categorised as direct and indirect methods. Direct methods include core, clod, and excavation sampling, whereas indirect methods include the radiation and regression approaches. The core method is most widely used, but it is time consuming and difficult to use for sampling multiple soil depths. The size of the coring cylinder used, operator experience, sampling depth, and in-situ soil moisture content significantly affect its accuracy. The clod method is suitable for use with heavy clay soils, and its accuracy is dependent on equipment calibration, drying time, and operator experience, but the process is complicated and time consuming. Excavation techniques are most commonly used to evaluate the bulk density of forest soils, but have major limitations as they cannot be used in soils with large pores and their measurement accuracy is strongly influenced by soil texture and the type of analysis selected. The indirect methods appear to have greater accuracy than direct approaches, but have higher costs, are more complex, and require greater operator experience. One such approach uses gamma radiation, and its accuracy is strongly influenced by soil depth. Regression methods are economical as they can make indirect measurements, but these depend on good, quality data of soil texture and organic matter content and geographical and climatic properties. Also, like most of the other approaches, its accuracy decreases with sampling depth. | Ahmed Abed Gatea AL-SHAMMARY Abbas Z.KOUZANI Akif KAYNAK Sui Yang KHOO Michael NORTON Will GATES | 2018 | Pedosphere2018，28，4： | 5 |
| 15 | Endocasts-the direct evidence and recent advances in the study of human brain evolution显示文摘Brain evolution is one of the most important aspects of human evolution,usually studied through endocasts.Analysis of fossil hominid endocasts allows inferences on functional anatomy,physiology,and phylogeny.In this paper,we describe the general features of endocast studies and review some of the major topics in paleoneurology.These are:absolute and relative brain size evolution;brain shape variation;brain asymmetry and lateralization;middle meningeal vessels and venous sinuses;application of computed tomography and virtual imaging;the history of Chinese brain endocast studies.In particular,this review emphasizes endocast studies on Chinese hominin fossils. | Wu Xiujie Liu Wu Christopher J. Norton | 2007 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2007，17，9： | 4 |
| 16 | Development of a 100 J,10 Hz laser for compression experiments at the High Energy Density instrument at the European XFEL显示文摘In this paper we review the design and development of a 100 J, 10 Hz nanosecond pulsed laser, codenamed DiPOLE100 X,being built at the Central Laser Facility(CLF). This 1 kW average power diode-pumped solid-state laser(DPSSL) is based on a master oscillator power amplifier(MOPA) design, which includes two cryogenic gas cooled amplifier stages based on DiPOLE multi-slab ceramic Yb:YAG amplifier technology developed at the CLF. The laser will produce pulses between 2 and 15 ns in duration with precise, arbitrarily selectable shapes, at pulse repetition rates up to 10 Hz, allowing real-time shape optimization for compression experiments. Once completed, the laser will be delivered to the European X-ray Free Electron Laser(XFEL) facility in Germany as a UK-funded contribution in kind, where it will be used to study extreme states of matter at the High Energy Density(HED) instrument. | Paul Mason Saumyabrata Banerjee Jodie Smith Thomas Butcher Jonathan Phillips Hauke Hoppner Dominik Moller Klaus Ertel Mariastefania De Vido Ian Hollingham ANDrew Norton Stephanie Tomlinson Tinesimba Zata Jorge Suarez Merchan Chris Hooker Mike Tyldesley Toma Toncian Cristina HernANDez-Gomez Chris Edwards John Collier | 2018 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2018，6，4： | 4 |
| 17 | Delayed diagnosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency following post-hepatectomy liver failure: A case report显示文摘Post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following major liver resection. The development of PHLF is dependent on the volume of the remaining liver tissue and hepatocyte function. Without effective pre-operative assessment, patients with undiagnosed liver disease could be at increased risk of PHLF. We report a case of a 60-year-old male patient with PHLF secondary to undiagnosed alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency(AATD) following major liver resection. He initially presented with acute large bowel obstruction secondary to a colorectal adenocarcinoma, which had metastasized to the liver. There was no significant past medical history apart from mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. After colonic surgery and liver directed neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, he underwent a laparoscopic partially extended right hepatectomy and radio-frequency ablation. Post-operatively he developed PHLF. The cause of PHLF remained unknown, prompting reanalysis of the histology, which showed evidence of AATD. He subsequently developed progressive liver dysfunction, portal hypertension, and eventually an extensive parastomal bleed, which led to his death; this was ultimately due to a combination of AATD and chemotherapy. This case highlights that formal testing for AATD in all patients with a known history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heavy smoking, or strong family history could help prevent the development of PHLF in patients undergoing major liver resection. | Benjamin Norton Jemimah Denson Christopher Briggs Matthew Bowles David Stell Somaiah Aroori | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，11： | 3 |
| 18 | LED产业知识产权问题的思考显示文摘随着LED产业迅速发展,使其中埋藏着专利危机,随时威胁着企业利润,文章说明了如何利用专利转危为机,并列举了可能采取的应对策略。 | Ron Norton | 2010 | 现代显示2010，，5： | 3 |
| 19 | Prevalence and Variable Detection of Proximal Colon Serrated Polyps During Screening Colonoscopy显示文摘 | Charles J. Kahi David G. Hewett Dustin Lee Norton George J. Eckert Douglas K. Rex | 2011 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2011，，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Expression of genes that control core fucosylation in hepatocellular carcinoma: Systematic review显示文摘BACKGROUND Changes in N-linked glycosylation have been observed in the circulation of individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma. In particular, an elevation in the level of core fucosylation has been observed. However, the mechanisms through which core fucose is increased are not well understood. We hypothesized that a review of the literature and related bioinformatic review regarding six genes known to be involved in the attachment of core fucosylation, the synthesis of the fucosylation substrate guanosine diphosphate(GDP)-fucose, or the transport of the substrate into the Golgi might offer mechanistic insight into the regulation of core fucose levels.AIM To survey the literature to capture the involvement of genes regulating core Nlinked fucosylation in hepatocellular carcinoma METHODS The PubMed biomedical literature database was searched for the association of hepatocellular carcinoma and each of the core fucose-related genes and their protein products. We also queried The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC) dataset for genetic, epigenetic and gene expression changes for the set of six genes using the tools at cBioportal.RESULTS A total of 27 citations involving one or more of the core fucosylation-related genes(FPGT, FUK, FUT8, GMDS, SLC35 C1, TSTA3) and hepatocellular carcinoma were identified. The same set of gene symbols was used to query the371 patients with liver cancer in the LIHC dataset to identify the frequency of m RNA over or under expression, as well as non-synonymous mutations, copy number variation and methylation level. Although all six genes trended to moresamples displaying over expression relative to under-expression, it was noted that a number of tumor samples had undergone amplification of the genes of the de novo synthesis pathway, GMDS(27 samples) and TSTA3(78 samples). In contrast, the other four genes had undergone amplification in 2 or fewer samples.CONCLUSION Amplification of genes involved in the de novo pathway for generation of GDPfucose, GMDS and TSTA3, likely contributes to the elevated core fucose observed in hepatocellular carcinoma. | Pamela A Norton Anand S Mehta | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，23： | 3 |
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