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| 1 | Yield and Nicotine Content of Flue-Cured Tobacco as Affected by Soil Nitrogen Mineralization显示文摘Nitrogen(N)supply is the most important factor affecting yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco(FCT).A field experiment and an in situ incubation method were used to study the effects of soil N mineralization in the later stages of growth on yield and nicotine content of FCT in Fenggang and Jinsha,Guizhou Province.The yield and market value of FCT at Fenggang were much lower than those at Jinsha.However,the nicotine content of middle and upper leaves was much higher at Fenggang than at Jinsha when the same rate of fertilizer N was applied,which might be due to a higher N supply capacity at the Fenggang site.At later stages of growth(7-16 weeks after transplanting),the soil net N mineralization at Fenggang(56 kg N ha^(-1))was almost double that at Jinsha(30 kg N ha^(-1)).While soil NH_4-N and NO_3-N were almost exhausted by the plants or leached 5 weeks after transplanting,the N taken up at the later growth stages at Fenggang were mainly derived from soil N mineralization,which contributed to a high nicotine content in the upper leaves.The order of soil N contribution to N buildup in different leaves was:upper leaves>middle leaves>lower leaves.Thus,soil N mineralization at late growth stages was an important factor affecting N accumulation and therefore the nicotine content in the upper leaves. | JU Xiao-Tang CHAO Feng-Chun LI Chun-Jian JIANG Rong-Feng P. CHRISTIE ZHANG Fu-Suo | 2008 | Pedosphere2008，18，2： | 39 |
| 2 | Microbial Biomass Carbon and Total Organic Carbon of Soils as Affected by Rubber Cultivation显示文摘Soil samples were collected from different rubber fields in twenty-five plots selected randomly in the Experimental Farm of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences located in Hainan, China, to analyse the ecological effect of rubber cultivation. The results showed that in the tropical rubber farm,soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and total organic C (TOC) were relatively low in the content but highly correlated with each other. After rubber tapping, soil MBC of mature rubber fields decreased significantly,by 55.5%, compared with immature rubber fields. Soil TOC also decreased but the difference was not significant. Ratios of MBC to TOC decreased significantly. The decreasing trend of MBC stopped at about ten years of rubber cultivation. After this period, soil MBC increased relatively while soil TOC still kept in decreasing. Soil MBC changes could be measured to predict the tendency of soil organic matter changes due to management practices in a tropical rubber farm several years before the changes in soil TOC become detectable. | ZHANG Hua and ZHANG Gan-LinInstitute of Soil Science, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008 | 2003 | Pedosphere2003，13，4： | 35 |
| 3 | Expansion of Rural Construction in Suburbs of Beijing:A Case Study on Nanjuan Village of Shunyi显示文摘1. Background Today the rural land use in China calls for major concerns. Villages in suburban areas, due to their special location, are experiencing dramatic changes on | ZHANG Yue,PhD,Associate Professor,School of Architecture,Tsinghua University,Beijing,P. R. China. CAO Wen,Undergraduate,School of Architecture,Tsinghua University,Beijing,P. R. China. ZHANG Lu,Undergraduate,School of Architecture,Tsinghua University,Beijing,P. R. China. LAN Weijie,Undergraduate,School of Architecture,Tsinghua University,Beijing,P. R. China. | 2007 | China City Planning Review2007，16，4： | 34 |
| 4 | Responses of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Diversity to Agricultural Deintensification显示文摘Using a scheme of agricultural fields with progressively less intensive management (deintensification), different manage- ment practices in six agroecosystems located near Goldsboro, NC, USA were tested in a large-scale experiment, including two cash-grain cropping systems employing either tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT), an organic farming system (OR), an integrated cropping system with animals (IN), a successional field (SU), and a plantation woodlot (WO). Microbial phos- pholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and substrate utilization patterns (BIOLOG ECO plates) were measured to examine the effects of deintensification on the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities. Principle component analyses of PLFA and BIOLOG data showed that the microbial community structure diverged among the soils of the six systems. Lower microbial diversity was found in lowly managed ecosystem than that in intensive and moderately managed agro- ecosystems, and both fungal contribution to the total identified PLFAs and the ratio of microbial biomass C/N increased along with agricultural deintensification. Significantly higher ratios of C/N (P < 0.05) were found in the WO and SU systems, and for fungal/bacterial PLFAs in the WO system (P < 0.05). There were also significant decreases (P < 0.05) along with agricultural deintensification for contributions of total bacterial and gram positive (G+) bacterial PLFAs. Agricultural deintensification could facilitate the development of microbial communities that favor soil fungi over bacteria. | ZHANG Wei- Jian RUI Wen-Yi C. TU H. G. DIAB F. J. LOUWS J. P. MUELLER N. CREAMER M. BELL M.G. WAGGER S. HU | 2005 | Pedosphere2005，15，4： | 29 |
| 5 | Central Limit Theorems for Asymptotically Negatively Associated Random Fields | Lixin Zhang Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang University. Xixi Campus. Hangzhou 310028. P. R. China | 2000 | Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series2000，16，4： | 25 |
| 6 | Mesozoic basin evolution and tectonic mechanism in Yanshan, China显示文摘The Mesozoic basins in Yanshan, China underwent several important tectonic transformations, including changes from a pre-Late Triassic marginal cratonic basin to a Late Triassic-Late Jurassic flexural basin and then to a late Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous rift basin. In response to two violent intraplate deformation at Late Triassic and Late Jurassic, coarse fluvial depositional systems in Xingshikou and Tuchengzi Formations were deposited in front of thrust belts. Controlled by transform and extension faulting, fan deltas and lacustrine systems were deposited in Early Cretaceous basins. The composition of clastic debris in Late Triassic and Late Jurassic flexural basins respectively represents unroofing processes from Proterozoic to Archean and from early deposited, overlying pyroclastic rocks to basement rocks in provenance areas. Restored protobasins were gradually migrated toward nearly NEE to EW-trending from Early Jurassic to early Late Jurassic. The Early Cretaceous basins with a NNE-trending crossed over early-formed basins. The Early-Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous basins were respectively controlled by different tectonic mechanisms. | LIU Shaofeng1,2, LI Zhong3 & ZHANG Jinfang4 1. Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics, Deep-Level Process and Explovation, Ministry of Education of P. R. China, Beijing 100083, China 2. School of Geosciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China 3. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 4. Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100080, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，z2： | 24 |
| 7 | Estimate of Methane Emission from Rice Paddy Fieldsin Taihn Region, China显示文摘EstimateofMethaneEmissionfromRicePaddyFieldsinTaihnRegion,ChinaCAIZU-CONG;XUHUA;ZHANGHAN-HUI;andJINJI-SHENG(InstituteofSoilSc... | CAI ZU-CONG XU HUA ZHANG HAN-HUI and JIN JI-SHENG(Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008 ( China)Agricultural Extension Station of Wuxian County, Suzhou 215007 (China)) | 1994 | Pedosphere1994，4，4： | 22 |
| 8 | NONLINEAR STABILITY OF NATURAL RUNGE-KUTTA METHODS FOR NEUTRAL DELAY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS显示文摘This paper first presents the stability analysis of theoretical solutions for a class of nonlinear neutral delay-differential equations (NDDEs). Then the numerical analogous results, of the natural Runge-Kutta (NRK) methods for the same class of nonlinear NDDEs, are given. In particular, it is shown that the (k, l)-algebraic stability of a RK method for ODEs implies the generalized asymptotic stability and the global stability of the induced NRK method. | Cheng-jian Zhang(Department of Mathematics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China) | 2002 | Journal of Computational Mathematics2002，20，6： | 18 |
| 9 | Changes in Soil C and N Contents and Mineralization Across a Cultivation Chronosequence of Paddy Fields in Subtropical China显示文摘Dynamics of soil organic matter in a cultivation chronosequence of paddy fields were studied in subtropical China.Mineralization of soil organic matter was determined by measuring CO2 evolution from soil during 20 days of laboratoryincubation. In the first 30 years of cultivation, soil organic C and N contents increased rapidly. After 30 years, 0-10 cmsoil contained 19.6 g kg-1 organic C and 1.62 g kg-1 total N, with the corresponding values of 18.1 g kg-1 and 1.50g kg-1 for 10-20 cm, and then remained stable even after 80 years of rice cultivation. During 20 days incubation themineralization rates of organic C and N in surface soil (0-10 cm) ranged from 2.2% to 3.3% and from 2.8% to 6.7%,respectively, of organic C and total N contents. Biologically active C size generally increased with increasing soil organicC and N contents. Soil dissolved organic C decreased after cultivation of wasteland to 10 years paddy field and thenincreased. Soil microbial biomass C increased with number of years under cultivation, while soil microbial biomass Nincreased during the first 30 years of cultivation and then stabilized. After 30 years of cultivation surface soil (0-10 cm)contained 332.8 mg kg-1 of microbial biomass C and 23.85 mg kg-1 of microbial biomass N, which were 111% and 47%higher than those in soil cultivated for 3 years. It was suggested that surface soil with 30 years of rice cultivation insubtropical China would have attained a steady state of organic C content, being about 19 g kg-1. | LI Zhong-Pei ZHANG Tao-Lin HAN Feng-Xiang P. FELIX-HENNINGSEN | 2005 | Pedosphere2005，15，5： | 17 |
| 10 | Interactions of IL-12A and IL-12B Polymorphisms on the Risk of Cervical Cancer in Chinese Women显示文摘 | Chen, X. J. Han, S. P. Wang, S. N. Zhou, X. Y. Zhang, M. F. Dong, J. Shi, X. Y. Qian, N. F. Wang, X. R. Wei, Q. Y. Shen, H. B. Hu, Z.B. | 2009 | 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)2009，29，3： | 16 |
| 11 | Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Organic Nitrogen Forms in a Calcareous Alluvial Soil on the North China Plain显示文摘In order to illustrate the change of nitrogen (N) supply capacity after long-term application of manure and chemical fertilizer, as well as to properly manage soil fertility through fertilizer application under the soil-climatic conditions of the North China Plain, organic N forms were quantified in the topsoil with different manure and chemical fertilizer treatments in a 15-year fertilizer experiment in a Chinese calcareous alluvial soil. Soil total N (TN) and various organic N forms were significantly influenced by long-term application of chemical fertilizer and manure. TN, total hydrolysable N, acid-insoluble N, amino acid N and ammonium N in the soil increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing manure and fertilizer N rates, but were not influenced by increasing P rates. Also, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence either the quantity of amino sugar N or its proportion of TN. Application of manure significantly increased (P < 0.05) hydrolysable unknown N, but adding N or P did not. In addition, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence the proportions of different soil organic N forms. | JU Xiao-Tang LIU Xue-Jun ZHANG Fu-Suo P. CHRISTIE | 2006 | Pedosphere2006，16，2： | 16 |
| 12 | Land cover changes based on plant successions: Deforestation, rehabilitation and degeneration of forest in the upper Dadu River watershed显示文摘To link regional land use/cover changes with environmental effects, land cover changes are required to reflect vegetation successions, whereas the land cover classification systems commonly used nowadays cannot serve this purpose. In this paper, a new land cover classification system is established in which land covers are classified by the vegetation succes-sions, taking Zamtang County, Barkam County and Jinchuan County in the upper Dadu River watershed as a study area. Using multi-temporal remote sensing images, the land cover data of 1967, 1986 and 2000 are obtained by means of integration of unsupervised classification and visual interpretation methods. The database facilitates the study of land use/cover changes, en-vironmental effects and ecological construction. Land cover changes reflect the main ecological processes in the upper Dadu River watershed. The landscape composed mainly of grasslands, wildwoods and alpine scrubs in 1967 was changed to that of grasslands, secondary forests, al-pine scrubs, fragmentary wildwoods, artificial forests, secondary scrubs in 2000, meanwhile, the landscape got more fragmentized. The total area of the forests decreased by 9.43%. Study results have shown the process of restoration of logged areas in forest centers. From 1967 to 2000, only 6.86 percents of logged areas were converted to shrubs, meadows or crop-lands, and the rest were converted into artificial forests or secondary forests. So the ecological shelter functions will be restored, stage by stage. Firewood collection, charcoal production and overgrazing are the three major triggers for the extensive degradation of alpine oak forests, Sa-bina tibetica forests and meadows. The arid valley grasslands expanded too. The degradation of vegetation in the southern slopes impairs ecological shelter functions and affects livelihood of local residents, so it is essential to find effective measures for ecological restoration and recon-struction. Field investigations have found that the current measures have not concerned with how to keep the livelihood of local farmers and herders. The most important measure for ecological protection and restoration is to help the farmers and herders to raise the living standard, which means that they will never need to rely only on the colonizing of croplands, the logging of forests and the grazing of livestock to make a living. | YAN Jianzhong1,2,3, ZHANG Yili1, BAI Wanqi1, LIU Yanhua4, BAO Weikai5, LIU Linshan1, 2 & ZHENG Du1 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 3. College of Resources and Environment, Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing 400716, China 4. The Ministry of Science and Technology, P. C. China, Beijing 100862, China 5. Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，12： | 15 |
| 13 | APPLICATION OF SWAT MODEL IN THE UPSTREAM WATERSHED OF THE LUOHE RIVER显示文摘In the Huanghe (Yellow) River basin,soil erosion is a serious problem,while runoff and sediment yield simulation has not been extensively studied on the basis of GIS (Geographic Information System) and distributed hydrological model. GIS-based SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was used to simulate runoff and sediment in the Huanghe River basin. The objective of this paper is to examine the applicability of SWAT model in a large river basin with high sediment runoff modulus,which could reach 770t/(km2·a). A two-stage 'Brute Force' optimization procedure was used to calibrate the parameters with the observed monthly flow and sediment data from 1992 to 1997,and with input parameters set during the calibration process without any change the model was validated with 1998-1999’s observed data. Coefficient of examination (R2) and Nash-Suttcliffe simulation efficiency (Ens) were used to evaluate model prediction. The evaluation coefficients for simulated flow and sediment,and observed flow and sediment were all above 0.7,which shows that SWAT model could be a useful tool for water resources and soil conservation planning in the Huanghe River basin. | ZHANG Xue-song, HAO Fang-hua, CHENG Hong-guang, LI Dao-feng (State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation,Institute of Environmental Sciences, Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,P. R. China) | 2003 | Chinese Geographical Science2003，13，4： | 14 |
| 14 | Relationship Between Changes of Endogenous Hormone in Sweet Potato Under Water Stress and Variety Drought-resistance显示文摘The IAA, GA3, iPA, ZR and ABA contents in sweet potato leaves under drought conditions were determined by the method of ELISA, and the relationship between these endogenous hormones and drought resistance of different sweet potato varieties were studied. The results showed the IAA, GA3, iPA and ZR contents in sweet potato leaves decreased, but ABA contents increased obviously. The stronger the drought resistance of the variety was, the more IAA, GA3, iPA and ZR contents decreased and the less ABA contents increased. Their relative contents correlated significantly negatively(r were - 0.9070, - 0.9493, - 0.9509,- 0.8674 and - 0.9117 respectively) to drought-resistability. | ZHANG Ming-sheng, XIE Bo and TAN Feng( Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025 , P. R . China The College of Life Sciences , Southwest Normal University , Chongqing 400715 , P. R . China ) | 2002 | Agricultural Sciences in China2002，1，6： | 12 |
| 15 | SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN SALINE-ALKALI SOIL AREA OF SONGNEN PLAIN,NORTHEAST CHINA显示文摘There is great potential for agriculture in saline-alkali soil area in Songnen Plain, Northeast China. But the sustainable crop production in this area has been restricted by a few of main factors, such as less precipitation, h igher evaporation and frequent drought, high salinity and alkalinity, high excha ngeable sodium content and poor infiltration of the soil, and insufficiency and low availability in nutrition. It is also considered that there are a few of fav orable conditions for agricultural development in this region, such as sufficien t light and heat resources, rich ground water resources, plenty of manure produc ed by livestock, and so on. At the same time, scientific management and measurem ents have been employed; rational irrigation and drainage system has been establ ished; reclamation, amendment and fertilization of soil, and suitable strategies of cropping practices have been made for the sustainable development of agricul ture. Great progress has been made during 1996-2000. | WANG Zhi-chun, LI Qu-sheng, LI Xiu-jun, SONG Chang-chun, ZHANG Guang-xin (Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, P. R. China) | 2003 | Chinese Geographical Science2003，13，2： | 12 |
| 16 | Early Evolution of Apocrita (Insecta,Hymenoptera) as Indicated by New Findings in the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou,Northeast China显示文摘基础 Vespina (=Orussoidea + Apocrita ) 的分类和发展史被重新考虑在内部蒙古从 Daohugou 的中间的侏罗记首先基于富有、好的保存材料,中国。比较地光滑的词法转变经由侏罗记家庭 Karatavitidae 向 Orussoidea 从一位象 Xiphydriidae 一样祖先被跟踪,并且通过 Karatavitidae 和侏罗记和早白垩纪家庭 Ephialtitidae 独立地到 Stephanidae 到 Evanioidea,并且,经由绝灭的侏罗记 Kuafuidae fam。nov。到留下的 Apocrita。新假设有关 Apocrita 的典型黄蜂腰的开发被建议,它应当在 Evanioidea 并且在 Apocrita 的其余部分独立地并且以不同方法出现。作为结果,六 infraorders 与下列分类结构为亚目 Vespina 被建议:包括唯一的总科 Orussoidea (Karatavitidae +Paroryssidae + Orussidae ) 的 infraorder Orussomorpha,有唯一的总科 Stephanoidea (Ephialtitidae + Stephanidae ) 的 infraorder Stephanomorpha,有传统的作文的唯一的总科 Evanioidea 的 infraorder Evaniomorpha,有总科 Ceraphronoidea s 的 infraorder Ceraphronomorpha。str。并且传统的作文的 monotypical Megalyroidea 和 Trigonaloidea,和 infraorders Proctotrupomorpha, Ichneumonomorpha,和 Vespomorpha。因为它是,家庭 Kuafuidae 对 infraorder 未受到安置通常认为地关于 Ceraphronomorpha, Proctotrupomorpha, Ichneumonomorpha 和 Vespomorpha 的 paraphyletic。是描述了新是 Karatavites junfengi sp。nov, Praeratavites wuhuaensis sp。nov, P。perspicuus sp。nov, Postxiphydria daohugouensis 情报。et sp。nov, P。ningchengensis 情报。et sp。nov, Postxiphydroides strenuus 情报。et sp。nov, Praeratavitoides amabilis 情报。et sp。nov, Proapocritus densipediculus sp。nov, P。sculptus sp。nov, P。longantennatus sp。nov, P。formosus sp。nov, P。atropus sp。nov, P。elegans sp。nov, Stephanogaster pristinus sp。nov, Asiephialtites lini sp。nov, Praeproapocritus vulgatus 情报。et sp。nov, Sinaulacogastrinus 先令情报。et sp。nov, Sinevania speciosa 情报。et sp。nov, Eonevania robusta 情报。et sp。nov, Kuafua polyneura 情报。et sp。nov。(都从 Daohugou 的中间的侏罗记) ,以及 Kuafuidae fam。nov。包括 Kuafua 情报。nov。象 Arthrogaster Rasnitsyn 一样, 1975,并且 Leptogastrella Rasnitsyn, 1975 从在哈萨克斯坦的 Karatau 的上面的侏罗记。 | Alexandr P. RASNITSYN ZHANG Haichun | 2010 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2010，84，4： | 12 |
| 17 | Breeding Technology of eui-hybrids of Rice显示文摘Induced mutants of elongated uppermost internode (eui) were directly obtained after irradiation on maintainer (B) and restorer (R) lines of hybrid rice. CMS lines(A) with eui (referred to as eA), restorer lines with eui (referred to as eR) as well as hybrid rice with eui gene (referred to as e-hybrids)were developed. The results showed that the eui mutation frequency averaged 0.10‰ at a range of 0.02‰ - 0.47‰,varying with applied dosage and mutated materials. Genetic diversities of eui stock, and a new eui gene, temporarily designated as eui2(t), was identified. eA lines have a significantly elongated uppermost internode causing better panicle exsertion and possessing higher outcrossing potential. e-hybrids increased plant height by 3 - 10 cm and headed 2 - 3 days earlier, as well as showed greater grain weight resulting in higher yield potential than that of corresponding original hybrids. The technology systems without GA3, a few of using GA3 in hybrid rice seed production, and the establishment of e-hybrid rice breeding system were also discussed in this paper. | YANG Ren-cui, ZHANG Shu-biao, HUANG Rong-hua, YANG Shu-Ian and ZHANG Qing-qi(Institute of Genetics and Crop Breeding , Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002 , P. R . China ) | 2002 | Agricultural Sciences in China2002，1，4： | 11 |
| 18 | Channel Adaptive Shortest Path Routing for Ad Hoc Networks显示文摘Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a challenge owing to the dynamic nature of network topology and the resource constraints. To maximize the channel resource utilization and minimize the network transfer delay along the path, the shortest path with the minimum hops approach is often adopted. However, the quality of wireless channels among the mobile nodes is time varying owing to fading, shadowing and path loss. Considering adaptive channel coding and modulation scheme, the channel state can be characterized by different link throughputs. If routing selection based on the link throughput is implemented, the minimum transfer delay from source to destination and the maximal throughput may be obtained. In this paper, a Channel Adaptive Shortest Path Routing (CASPR) is presented. Based on the adaptive channel coding and modulation, the CASPR transforms the link throughput into the channel quality factor Q and finds the shortest routing according to the Q measure. Simulation results show that the average path length in the proposed routing scheme may be slightly higher than that of the conventional shortest path with the minimum hops approach, but it can reduce the average transfer delay and increase the packet deliver rate. | TIAN Hui, XIE Fang, HU Jian dong, ZHANG Ping (Wireless Technology Innovation Labs, Beijing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, P. R. China) | 2003 | The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications2003，10，3： | 9 |
| 19 | Studies on Reducing Nitrogen Excretion: Ⅰ. Net Energy Requirement of Finishing Pigs Maximizing Performance and Carcass Quality Fed Low Crude Protein Diets Supplemented with Crystalline Amino Acids显示文摘Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of net energy (NE) level on the performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs fed low crude protein (CP) diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids (CAA). A total of 216 (Exp.1) and 360 (Exp.2) barrows (Yorkshire×Landrace×Duroc) were allotted to one of six treatments (n=6). The experimental diets were based on corn and soybean meal, and consisted of a highCP diet that contained approximately 16% CP and 2.50 Mcal/kg of NE as well as five lowCP diets in which the CP level of the diet was reduced by approximately four percentage units but was supplemented with crystalline lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan. The low CP diets provided 2.64, 2.58, 2.50, 2.42, or 2.36 Mcal/kg in Exp.1 as well as 2.45, 2.40, 2.35, 2.30, or 2.25 Mcal/kg in Exp.2. In Exp.1, a linear (P=0.03) increase in weight gain was observed with decreasing NE level while the ratio of gain to feed was unaffected (P>0.05) by NE level. There was a linear increase (P=0.01) in the percentage of fatfree lean and a linear decrease (P=0.03) in the percentage of total fat with decreasing NE levels. In Exp.2, a significant quadratic (P=0.03) effect of NE level was observed for weight gain. The ratio of gain to feed demonstrated a significant (P<0.01) quadratic effect with pigs fed 2.35 and 2.40 Mcal/kg of NE. Pigs fed the diet containing 2.40 Mcal/kg of NE had the lowest percentage of total fat (36.95%) and the highest percentage of fatfree lean (49.36%). The overall results of these experiments indicate that feeding either a surplus or a deficiency of NE is detrimental to both pig performance and carcass composition when low CP diets supplemented with CAA are fed. Our results indicate that when the CP content of the diet is reduced by four percentage units and the diet is properly supplemented with CAA, maximum performance and carcass quality will be obtained if the diet provides approximately 2.42 Mcal/kg of NE. | Hongyu Chen Xuewu Yi Guijie Zhang Ning Lu Licui Chu P. A. Thacker Shiyan Qiao | 2011 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2011，2，2： | 9 |
| 20 | 11.2% Efficiency all-polymer solar cells with high open-circuit voltage显示文摘Herein,we fabricated all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)based on a fluorinated wide-bandgap p-type conjugated polymer PM6 as the donor,and a narrow bandgap n-type conjugated polymer PZ1 as the acceptor.In addition to the complementary absorption and matching energy levels,the optimized blend films possess high cystallinity,predominantly face-on stacking,and a suitable phase separated morphology.With this active layer,the devices exhibited a high Vocof 0.96 V,a superior Jscof 17.1 mA cm^-2,a fine fill factor(FF)of 68.2%,and thus an excellent power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 11.2%,which is the highest value reported to date for single-junction all-PSCs.Furthermore,the devices showed good storage stability.After 80 d of storage in the N2-filled glovebox,the PCE still remained over 90%of the original value.Large-area devices(1.1 cm^2)also demonstrated an outstanding performance with a PCE of 9.2%,among the highest values for the reported large-area all-PSCs.These results indicate that the PM6:PZ1 blend is a promising candidate for scale-up production of large area high-performance all-PSCs. | Yuan Meng Jingnan Wu Xia Guo Wenyan Su Lei Zhu Jin Fang Zhi-Guo Zhang Feng Liu Maojie Zhang Thomas P. Russell Yongfang Li | 2019 | Science China Chemistry2019，62，7： | 9 |
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