| 1 | Smoking,depression,and hospital costs of respiratory cancers:Examining race and sex variation显示文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of smoking and depression on hospital costs for lung cancer(LC).Methods:We extracted data on depression,smoking history,demographics,and hospital charges for patients with respiratory cancers(ICD-9 codes 161-163,165)from the 2008 Tennessee Hospital Discharge Data System.The sample(n=6665)was mostly white(86%)and male(57%).Age-adjusted rates were developed in accordance with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention methods,and hospital costs were compared for patients with LC with versus without depression and a smoking history.Results:Three findings(P<0.001)emerged:(1)the LC rate was higher among blacks than among whites,and higher among men than among women;(2)while 66%of LC patients smoked(more men than women without racial variation),24%had depression(more females and whites were depressed);(3)the LC hospital cost was 54%higher than the non-LC hospital cost,and this cost doubled for patients with LC with depression and smoking versus those without such charac-teristics.Conclusion:While LC is more prevalent among blacks and men,depression is higher among female and white patients.Since depression with higher costs existed among LC patients,our find-ings point to(1)the possibility of cost savings by diagnosing and treating depression among LC patients,and(2)implementation of proven smoking cessation programs to reduce LC morbidity and hospital costs. | Baqar A.Husaini Robert S.Levine Phillip Lammers Pam Hull Meggan Novotny Majaz Moonis | 2017 | Family Medicine and Community Health2017，5，1： | 0 |
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