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| 1 | Complications of hip fractures: A review显示文摘Nowadays, fracture surgery represents a big part of the orthopedic surgeon workload, and usually has associated major clinical and social cost implications. These fractures have several complications. Some of these are medical, and other related to the surgical treatment itself. Medical complications may affect around 20% of patients with hip fracture. Cognitive and neurological alterations, cardiopulmonary affections(alone or combined), venous thromboembolism, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, urinary tract complications, perioperative anemia, electrolytic and metabolic disorders, and pressure scars are the most important medical complications after hip surgery in terms of frequency, increase of length of stay and perioperative mortality. Complications arising from hip fracture surgery are fairly common, and vary depending on whether the fracture is intracapsular or extracapsular. The main problems in intracapsular fractures are biological: vascularization of the femoral head, and lack of periosteum-a major contributor to fracture healing- in the femoral neck. In extracapsularfractures, by contrast, the problem is mechanical, and relates to load-bearing. Early surgical fixation, the role of anti-thromboembolic and anti-infective prophylaxis, good pain control at the perioperative, detection and management of delirium, correct urinary tract management, avoidance of malnutrition, vitamin D supplementation, osteoporosis treatment and advancement of early mobilization to improve functional recovery and falls prevention are basic recommendations for an optimal maintenance of hip fractured patients. | Pedro Carpintero Jose Ramón Caeiro Rocío Carpintero Angela Morales Samuel Silva Manuel Mesa | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，4： | 31 |
| 2 | Efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy and surgical rescue for locally advanced hepatoblastomas:10 year single-center experience and literature review显示文摘AIM:To report our experience with long-term outcomes after multimodal management therapy.METHODS:An observational retrospective study was performed containing seven patients with hepatoblastoma(Hbl)treated in our institution,a tertiary referral center,from 2003 to 2011.Demographic,preoperative,surgical,and outcome variables were collected.A survival analysis and a review of the current literature related to combination neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection on Hbl were performed.RESULTS:The median age at surgery was 14.4 mo,with a male to female ratio of 4:3.Pretext staging at diagnosis was as follows:stageⅠ,4 cases;stageⅡ,2 patients;and stageⅢ,1 case.Mean pretreatment tumor volume was 735 cm3.Five out of seven patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to SIOPEL-3 or SIOPEL-6 protocols.Tumor volume and alphafetoprotein levels significantly dropped after neoadjuvant therapy.Surgical procedures performed included hemihepatectomies,segmentectomies and atypical resection.All patients received chemotherapy after surgery.Median postoperative hospital stay was 8 d.All patients were alive and disease-free after a median follow-up period of 23 mo.With regards to the literature review,seventeen articles were found that were related to our search.CONCLUSION:Our series shows how multimodal management of Hbl,exhaustive control and a meticulous surgical approach leads to almost 100%complete resection with optimal postoperative results. | Dolores Ayllon Teran Oscar Gómez Beltran Rubén Ciria Bru Elena Mateos González María José Pea Rosa Antonio Luque Molina Pedro López Cillero Javier Briceo Delgado | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，29： | 12 |
| 3 | Carotid body tumours resection with ultrasound dissector显示文摘Carotid body tumour (CBT) is a rare neoplasm arising from paraganglion cells of the carotid body.1 Surgical resection of the CBT is considered the primary treatment option,and the only one which can allow a definitive cure.1-3 The resection is particularly difficult because the tumour is adherent to the carotid adventitia,is highly vascularized,often involves the cranial nerves,and is in a limited field for exposure,consequently,the intervention is associated with high morbidity due to risk of nervous injuries,stroke,was well as hemorrhage shock. | Joana Ferreira Alexandra Canedo Sandrina Braga Jogo Vasconcelos Ricardo Gouveia Victor Martins Pedro Brandāo António Vaz | 2013 | Chinese Medical Journal2013，，3： | 5 |
| 4 | Second-line Therapy With Levofloxacin After Failure of Treatment to Eradicate Helicobacter pylori Infection: Time Trends in a Spanish Multicenter Study of 1000 Patients显示文摘 | Javier P. Gisbert ángeles Pérez-Aisa Fernando Bermejo Manuel Castro-Fernández Pedro Almela Jesús Barrio ángel Cosme Inés Modolell Felipe Bory Miguel Fernández-Bermejo Luis Rodrigo Jesús Ortu?o Pilar Sánchez-Pobre Sam Khorrami Alejandro Franco Albert Tomas | 2013 | Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology2013，，2： | 5 |
| 5 | Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a complementary treatment for radiation proctitis:Useless or useful?-A literature review显示文摘Radiotherapy(RT)is the backbone of multimodality treatment of more than half of cancer cases.Despite new modern RT techniques,late complications may occur such as radiation proctitis(RP).The natural history of RP is unpredictable.Minor symptoms may resolve spontaneously or require conservative treatment.On the other hand,for similar and uncomplicated clinical contexts,symptoms may persist and can even be refractory to the progressive increase in treatment measures.Over the last decades,an enormous therapeutic armamentarium has been considered in RP,including hyperbaric oxygen therapy(HBOT).Currently,the evidence regarding the impact of HBOT on RP and its benefits is conflicting.Additional prospective and randomised studies are necessary to validate HBOT’s effectiveness in the‘real world’clinical practice.This article reviewed the relevant literature on pathophysiology,clinical presentation,different classifications and discuss RP management including a proposal for a therapeutic algorithm with a focus on HBOT. | Diogo Alpuim Costa Carla Espiney Amaro Ana Nunes Joana Santos Cardoso Pedro Modas Daniel Isabel Rosa João Vieira Branco | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，27： | 4 |
| 6 | Lymphocyte subsets in alcoholic liver disease显示文摘AIM:To compare lymphocyte subsets between healthy controls and alcoholics with liver disease.METHODS:The patient cohort for this study included individuals who were suspected to have alcoholic liver disease(ALD) and who had undergone liver biopsy(for disease grading and staging,doubts about diagnosis,or concurrent liver disease;n = 56).Normal controls included patients who were admitted for elective cholecystectomy due to non-complicated gallstones(n = 27).Formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded liver biopsy specimens were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Perls' Prussian blue.The non-alcoholic steatohepatitis score was used to assess markers of ALD.Lymphocyte population subsets were determined by flow cytometry.T lymphocytes were identified(CD3+),and then further subdivided into CD4+ or CD8+ populations.B lymphocytes(CD19+) and natural killer(NK) cell numbers were also measured.In addition to assessing lymphocyte subpopulation differences between ALD patients and controls,we also compared subsets of alcoholic patients without cirrhosis or abstinent cirrhotic patients to normal controls.RESULTS:The patient cohort primarily consisted of older men.Active alcoholism was present in 66.1%.Reported average daily alcohol intake was 164.9 g and the average lifetime cumulative intake was 2211.6 kg.Cirrhosis was present in 39.3% of the patients and 66.1% had significant fibrosis(perisinusoidal and portal/periportal fibrosis,bridging fibrosis,or cirrhosis) in their liver samples.The average Mayo end-stage liver disease score was 7.6.No hereditary hemochromatosis genotypes were found.ALD patients(n = 56) presented with significant lymphopenia(1.5 × 109/L ± 0.5 × 109/L vs 2.1 × 109/L ± 0.5 × 109/L,P < 0.0001),due to a decrease in all lymphocyte subpopulations,except for NK lymphocytes:CD3+(1013.0 ± 406.2/mm3 vs 1523.0 ± 364.6/mm3,P < 0.0001),CD4+(713.5 ± 284.7/mm3 vs 992.4 ± 274.7/mm3,P < 0.0001),CD8+(262.3 ± 140.4/mm3 vs 478.9 ± 164.6/mm3,P < 0.0001),and CD19+(120.6 ± 76.1/mm3 vs 264.6 ± 88.0/mm3,P < 0.0001).CD8+ lymphocytes suffered the greatest reduction,as evidenced by an increase in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio(3.1 ± 1.3 vs 2.3 ± 0.9,P = 0.013).This ratio was associated with the stage of fibrosis on liver biopsy(rs = 0.342,P = 0.01) and with Child-Pugh score(rs = 0.482,P = 0.02).The number of CD8+ lymphocytes also had a positive association with serum ferritin levels(rs = 0.345,P = 0.009).Considering only patients with active alcoholism but not cirrhosis(n = 27),we found similar reductions in total lymphocyte counts(1.8 × 109/L ± 0.3 × 109/L vs 2.1 × 109/L ± 0.5 × 109/L,P = 0.018),and in populations of CD3+(1164.7 ± 376.6/mm3 vs 1523.0 ± 364.6/mm3,P = 0.001),CD4+(759.8 ± 265.0/mm3 vs 992.4 ± 274.7/mm3,P = 0.003),CD8+(330.9 ± 156.3/mm3 vs 478.9 ± 164.6/mm3,P = 0.002),and CD19+(108.8 ± 64.2/mm3 vs 264.6 ± 88.0/mm3,P < 0.0001).In these patients,the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and the number of NK lymphocytes was not significantly different,compared to controls.Comparing patients with liver cirrhosis but without active alcohol consumption(n = 11),we also found significant lymphopenia(1.3 × 109/L ± 0.6 × 109/L vs 2.1 × 109/L ± 0.5 × 109/L,P < 0.0001) and decreases in populations of CD3+(945.5 ± 547.4/mm3 vs 1523.0 ± 364.6/mm3,P = 0.003),CD4+(745.2 ± 389.0/mm3 vs 992.4 ± 274.7/mm3,P = 0.032),CD8+(233.9 ± 120.0/mm3 vs 478.9 ± 164.6/mm3,P < 0.0001),and CD19+(150.8 ± 76.1/mm3 vs 264.6 ± 88.0/mm3,P = 0.001).The NK lymphocyte count was not significantly different,but,in this group,there was a significant increase in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio(3.5 ± 1.3 vs 2.3 ± 0.9,P = 0.01).CONCLUSION:All patient subsets presented with decreased lymphocyte counts,but only patients with advanced fibrosis presented with a significant increase in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. | Luís Costa Matos Paulo Batista Nuno Monteiro Joo Ribeiro Maria A Cipriano Pedro Henriques Fernando Giro Armando Carvalho | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，2： | 4 |
| 7 | Automatic Detection of COVID-19 Infection Using Chest X-Ray Images Through Transfer Learning显示文摘The new coronavirus(COVID-19),declared by the World Health Organization as a pandemic,has infected more than 1 million people and killed more than 50 thousand.An infection caused by COVID-19 can develop into pneumonia,which can be detected by a chest X-ray exam and should be treated appropriately.In this work,we propose an automatic detection method for COVID-19 infection based on chest X-ray images.The datasets constructed for this study are composed of194 X-ray images of patients diagnosed with coronavirus and 194 X-ray images of healthy patients.Since few images of patients with COVID-19 are publicly available,we apply the concept of transfer learning for this task.We use different architectures of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)trained on Image Net,and adapt them to behave as feature extractors for the X-ray images.Then,the CNNs are combined with consolidated machine learning methods,such as k-Nearest Neighbor,Bayes,Random Forest,multilayer perceptron(MLP),and support vector machine(SVM).The results show that,for one of the datasets,the extractor-classifier pair with the best performance is the Mobile Net architecture with the SVM classifier using a linear kernel,which achieves an accuracy and an F1-score of 98.5%.For the other dataset,the best pair is Dense Net201 with MLP,achieving an accuracy and an F1-score of 95.6%.Thus,the proposed approach demonstrates efficiency in detecting COVID-19 in X-ray images. | Elene Firmeza Ohata Gabriel Maia Bezerra João Victor Souza das Chagas Aloísio Vieira Lira Neto Adriano Bessa Albuquerque Victor Hugo Cde Albuquerque Pedro Pedrosa Rebouças Filho | 2021 | IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica2021，8，1： | 3 |
| 8 | A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles显示文摘Phylogenetic studies of Carex L.(Cyperaceae)have consistently demonstrated that most subgenera and sections are para-or polyphyletic.Yet,taxonomists continue to use subgenera and sections in Carex classification.Why?The Global Carex Group(GCG)here takes the position that the historical and continued use of subgenera and sections serves to(i)organize our understanding of lineages in Carex,(ii)create an identification mechanism to break the~2000 species of Carex into manageable groups and stimulate its study,and(iii)provide a framework to recognize morphologically diagnosable lineages within Carex.Unfortunately,the current understanding of phylogenetic relationships in Carex is not yet sufficient for a global reclassification of the genus within a Linnean infrageneric(sectional)framework.Rather than leaving Carex classification in its current state,which is misleading and confusing,we here take the intermediate steps of implementing the recently revised subgeneric classification and using a combination of informally named clades and formally named sections to reflect the current state of our knowledge.This hybrid classification framework is presented in an order corresponding to a linear arrangement of the clades on a ladderized phylogeny,largely based on the recent phylogenies published by the GCG.It organizes Carex into six subgenera,which are,in turn,subdivided into 62 formally named Linnean sections plus 49 informal groups.This framework will serve as a roadmap for research on Carex phylogeny,enabling further development of a complete reclassification by presenting relevant morphological and geographical information on clades where possible and standardizing the use of formal sectional names. | Eric H.Roalson Pedro Jiménez-Mejías Andrew L.Hipp Carmen Benítez-Benítez Leo P.Bruederle Kyong-Sook Chung Marcial Escudero Bruce A.Ford Kerry Ford Sebastian Gebauer Berit Gehrke Marlene Hahn Muhammad Qasim Hayat Mathias H.Hoffmann Xiao-Feng Jin Sangtae Kim Isabel Larridon Étienne Léveillé-Bourret Yi-Fei Lu Modesto Luceño Enrique Maguilla Jose IgnacioMárquez-Corro Santiago Martín-Bravo Tomomi Masaki Mónica Míguez Robert F.C.Naczi Anton A.Reznicek Daniel Spalink Julian R.Starr Uzma Tamara Villaverde Marcia J.Waterway Karen L.Wilson and Shu-Ren Zhang | 2021 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2021，59，4： | 3 |
| 9 | Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum: A case report and review of the literature显示文摘Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs. | David Martínez-Cecilia Alvaro Arjona Sánchez Manuel Gómez álvarez Eva Torres Tordera Antonio Luque Molina Victor Valentí Azcárate Javier Briceo Delgado Francisco Javier Padillo Pedro López-Cillero Sebastián Rufián Pea | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，12： | 2 |
| 10 | Delving into the variations in tree species composition and richness across south american subtropical atlantic and Pampean forests显示文摘Aims We analyse here the variations in species composition and richness and the geographic ranges of the tree species occurring in south american subtropical atlantic and Pampean forests.our goals were to assess(i)the floristic consistency of usual classifications based on vegetation physiognomy,climate and elevation;(ii)the leading role of temperature-related variables on the variations in species composition and richness;(iii)the predominance of species with tropical-subtropical ranges,possibly as a result of forest expansion over grasslands after the last glacial maximum(LGM);(iv)the restriction of most subtropical endemics to stressful habitats as a possible result of past forest refuges during the LGM.Methods The region was defined by the Tropic of Capricorn to the north,the rio de la Plata to the south,the atlantic shoreline to the east and the catchment areas of the upper Paranáand uruguay rivers to the west.multivariate analyses,multiple regression modelling and variance partition analyses were performed on a database containing 63994 occurrence records of 1555 tree species in 491 forest sites and 48 environmental variables.all species were also classified according to their known geographic range.Important Findingsa main differentiation in species composition and richness was observed between the eastern windward coastlands(rain and cloud forests)and western leeward hinterlands(Araucaria and semi-decid-uous forests).Pre-defined forest types on both sides were consistent with variations in tree species composition,which were significantly related to both environmental variables and spatial proximity,with extremes of low temperature playing a chief role.Tree species rich-ness declined substantially towards the south and also from rain to seasonal forests and towards the highland summits and sandy shores.species richness was significantly correlated with both minimum temperature and actual evapotranspiration.about 91%of the subtropical flora is shared with the much richer tropical flora,prob-ably extracting species that can cope with frost outbreaks.The 145 subtropical endemics were not concentrated in harsher habitats. | Ary T.Oliveira-Filho Jean C.Budke João A.Jarenkow Pedro V.Eisenlohr Danilo R.M.Neves | 2015 | Journal of Plant Ecology2015，8，3： | 2 |
| 11 | Bacterial DNA Induces the Complement System Activation in Serum and Ascitic Fluid from Patients with Advanced Cirrhosis显示文摘 | Rubén Francés José M. González-Navajas Pedro Zapater Carlos Mu?oz Rocío Ca?o Sonia Pascual Dorkas Márquez Francia Santana Miguel Pérez-Mateo José Such | 2007 | Journal of Clinical Immunology2007，，4： | 2 |
| 12 | Dendritic cell deficiencies persist seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection显示文摘Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus(SARS-CoV)-2 infection induces an exacerbated inflammation driven by innate immunity components.Dendritic cells(DCs)play a key role in the defense against viral infections,for instance plasmacytoid DCs(pDCs),have the capacity to produce vast amounts of interferon-alpha(IFN-α).In COVID-19 there is a deficit in DC numbers and IFN-αproduction,which has been associated with disease severity.In this work,we described that in addition to the DC deficiency,several DC activation and homing markers were altered in acute COVID-19 patients,which were associated with multiple inflammatory markers.Remarkably,previously hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients remained with decreased numbers of CD1c+myeloid DCs and pDCs seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Moreover,the expression of DC markers such as CD86 and CD4 were only restored in previously nonhospitalized patients,while no restoration of integrinβ7 and indoleamine 2,3-dyoxigenase(IDO)levels were observed.These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immunological sequelae of COVID-19. | Alberto Pérez-Gómez Joana Vitallé Carmen Gasca-Capote Alicia Gutierrez-Valencia María Trujillo-Rodriguez Ana Serna-Gallego Esperanza Muñoz-Muela María de los Reyes Jiménez-Leon Mohamed Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia Inmaculada Rivas-Jeremias Cesar Sotomayor Cristina Roca-Oporto Nuria Espinosa Carmen Infante-Domínguez Juan Carlos Crespo-Rivas Alberto Fernández-Villar Alexandre Pérez-González Luis Fernando López-Cortés Eva Poveda Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos JoséMiguel Cisneros Sonsoles Salto-Alejandre Judith Berastegui-Cabrera Pedro Camacho-Martínez Carmen Infante-Domínguez Marta Carretero-Ledesma Juan Carlos Crespo-Rivas Eduardo Márquez JoséManuel Lomas Claudio Bueno Rosario Amaya JoséAntonio Lepe Jerónimo Pachón Elisa Cordero Javier Sánchez-Céspedes Manuela Aguilar-Guisado Almudena Aguilera Clara Aguilera Teresa Aldabo-Pallas Verónica Alfaro-Lara Cristina Amodeo Javier Ampuero María Dolores Avilés Maribel Asensio Bosco Barón-Franco Lydia Barrera-Pulido Rafael Bellido-Alba Máximo Bernabeu-Wittel Candela Caballero-Eraso Macarena Cabrera Enrique Calderón Jesús Carbajal-Guerrero Manuela Cid-Cumplido Yael Corcia-Palomo Juan Delgado Antonio Domínguez-Petit Alejandro Deniz Reginal Dusseck-Brutus Ana Escoresca-Ortega Fátima Espinosa Nuria Espinosa Michelle Espinoza Carmen Ferrándiz-Millón Marta Ferrer Teresa Ferrer Ignacio Gallego-Texeira Rosa Gámez-Mancera Emilio García Horacio García-Delgado Manuel García-Gutiérrez María Luisa Gascón-Castillo Aurora González-Estrada Demetrio González Carmen Gómez-González Rocío González-León Carmen Grande-Cabrerizo Sonia Gutiérrez Carlos Hernández-Quiles Inmaculada Concepción Herrera-Melero Marta Herrero-Romero Luis Jara Carlos Jiménez-Juan Silvia Jiménez-Jorge Mercedes Jiménez-Sánchez Julia Lanseros-Tenllado Carmina López Isabel López Álvaro López-Barrios Luis F.López-Cortés Rafael Luque-Márquez Daniel Macías-García Guillermo Martín-Gutiérrez Luis Martín-Villén JoséMolina Aurora Morillo María Dolores Navarro-Amuedo Dolores Nieto-Martín Francisco Ortega María Paniagua-García Amelia Peña-Rodríguez Esther Pérez Manuel Poyato Julia Praena-Segovia Rafaela Ríos Cristina Roca-Oporto Jesús F.Rodríguez María Jesús Rodríguez-Hernández Santiago Rodríguez-Suárez Ángel Rodríguez-Villodres Nieves Romero-Rodríguez Ricardo Ruiz Zida Ruiz de Azua Celia Salamanca Sonia Sánchez Víctor Manuel Sánchez-Montagut César Sotomayor Alejandro Suárez Benjumea Javier Toral | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，9： | 2 |
| 13 | Late hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm:A rare complication after resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘We report an unusual pathological entity of a pseudoaneurysm of the right hepatic artery, which developed two years after the resection of a type Ⅱ hilar cholangiocarcinoma and secondary to an excessive skeletonization for regional lymphadenectomy and neoadjuvant external-beam radiotherapy. After a sudden and massive hematemesis, a multidetector computed tomographic angiography (MDCTA) showed a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm. Angiography with embolization of the pseudoaneurysm was attempted using microcoils with adequate patency of the hepatic artery and the occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm. A new episode of hematemesis 3 wk later revealed a partial revascularization of the pseudoaneurysm. A definitive interventional radiological treatment consisting of transarterial embolization (TAE) of the right hepatic artery with stainless steel coils and polyvinyl alcohol particles was effective and well-tolerated with normal liver function tests and without signs of liver infarction. | Javier Briceńo lvaro Naranjo Rubén Ciria Juan Manuel Sánchez-Hidalgo Luis Zurera Pedro López-Cillero | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，38： | 2 |
| 14 | 霉菌毒素对虾类养殖的危害显示文摘养虾业目前面临的最多的问题就是疾病的广泛发生,包括寄生虫病、细菌病和病毒病。由于这些疾病经常导致严重的经济损失,所以一直是整个产业最为关注的。然而在养殖环境和饲料中还存在其它的致病因子却常被忽视, | Pedro E ncarnao | 2011 | 饲料工业2011，32，6： | 2 |
| 15 | Medicinal plants from open-air markets in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil as a potential source of new antimycobacterial agents显示文摘 | Fernanda Leit?o Suzana G. Leit?o Mara Zélia de Almeida Jéssica Cantos Tatiane Coelho Pedro Eduardo A. da Silva | 2013 | Journal of Ethnopharmacology2013，，： | 2 |
| 16 | New Evidence on the Impact of Antithrombotics in Patients Submitted to Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy for the Evaluation of Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding显示文摘 | Pedro Boal Carvalho Bruno Rosa Maria Jo?o Moreira José Cotter Gerassimos Mantzaris | 2014 | Gastroenterology Research and Practice2014，，： | 2 |
| 17 | Low platelet count: Predictor of death and graft loss after liver transplantation显示文摘BACKGROUND The impact of platelets on liver transplantation(LT) is well recognized, but not completely understood. Platelets exert dichotomous effects on the graft and on the patient. On the one hand, they are essential for primary hemostasis and tissue repair and regeneration. On the other hand, they support ischemia/reperfusion injury and inflammatory processes. Recent evidence has shown a new role for platelet count(PC) in predicting outcomes after LT.AIM To evaluate if low PC is a predictor of short-and long-term outcomes after LT.METHODS Four hundred and eighty consecutive LT patients were retrospectively assessed.PC from the preoperative to the seventh postoperative day(POD) were considered. C-statistic analysis defined the ideal cutoff point for PC. Cox regression was performed to check whether low PC was a predictor of death,retransplantation or primary changes in graft function within one year after LT.RESULTS The highest median PC was 86 × 109/L [interquartile range(IQR) = 65–100 ×109/L] on seventh POD, and the lowest was 51 × 109/L(IQR = 38–71 × 109/L) on third POD. The C-statistic defined a PC < 70 × 109/L on fifth POD as the ideal cutoff point for predicting death and retransplantation. In the multivariate analysis, platelets < 70 × 109/L on 5 POD was an independent risk factor for death at 12 mo after LT [hazard ratio(HR) = 2.01; 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.06-3.79;P = 0.031]. In the Cox regression, patients with PC < 70 × 109/L on 5 POD had worse graft survival rates up to one year after LT(HR = 2.76; 95%CI 1.52-4.99; P =0.001).CONCLUSION PC < 70 × 109/L on 5 POD is an independent predictor of death in the first year after LT. These results are in agreement with other studies that indicate that low PC after LT is associated with negative outcomes. | Pedro Beltrame Santiago Rodriguez Ajacio Bandeira de Mello Brand?o | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，1： | 2 |
| 18 | Challenges in the diagnosis of intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B:A look beyond the number of ganglion cells显示文摘Intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B(IND-B)is a controversial condition among gastrointestinal neuromuscular disorders.Constipation is its most common clinical manifestation in patients.Despite intense scientific research,there are still knowledge gaps regarding the diagnostic criteria for IND-B in the histopathological analysis of rectal biopsies.The guidelines published in the past three decades have directed diagnostic criteria for quantifying the number of ganglion cells in the nervous plexus of the enteric nervous system.However,it is very complex to distinguish numerically what is pathological from what is normal,mainly because of the difficulty in determining a reliable control group composed of healthy children without intestinal symptoms.Thus,a series of immunohistochemical markers have been proposed to assist in the histopathological analysis of the enteric nervous system.Several of these markers facilitate the identification of other structures of the enteric nervous system,in addition to ganglion cells.These structures may be related to the etiopathogenesis of IND-B and represent new possibilities for the histopathological diagnosis of this disease,providing a view beyond the number of ganglion cells.This review critically discusses the aspects related to the disease definitions and diagnostic criteria of this organic cause of constipation. | Simone Antunes Terra Anderson Cesar Gonçalves Pedro Luiz Toledo de Arruda Lourenção Maria Aparecida Marchesan Rodrigues | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，44： | 2 |
| 19 | 策略将在肝移植以后减少丙肝病毒复发显示文摘 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health problem that leads to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, being the most frequent indication for liver transplantation in several countries. Unfortunately, HCV re-infects the liver graft almost invariably following reperfusion, with an accelerated history of recurrence, leading to 10%-30% of patients progressing to cirrhosis within 5 years of transplantation. In this sense, some groups have even advocated for not retransplanting this patients, as lower patient and graftoutcomes have been reported. However, the management of HCV recurrence is being optimized and several strategies to reduce post-transplant recurrence could improve outcomes, decrease the rate of re-transplantation and optimize the use of available grafts. Three moments may be the focus of potential actions in order to decrease the impact of viral recurrence: the pretransplant moment, the transplant environment and the post-transplant management. In the pre-transplant setting, it is not well established if reducing the pre transplant viral load affects the risk for HCV progression after transplant. Obviously, antiviral treatment can render the patient HCV RNA negative post transplant but the long-term benefit has not yet been fully established to justify the cost and clinical risk. In the transplant moment, factors as donor age, cold ischemia time, graft steatosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury may lead to a higher and more aggressive viral recurrence. After the transplant, discussion about immunosuppression and the moment to start the treatment (prophylactic, pre-emptive or once-confirmed) together with new antiviral drugs are of interest. This review aims to help clinicians have a global overview of posttransplant HCV recurrence and strategies to reduce its impact on our patients. | Ruben Ciria María Pleguezuelo Shirin Elizabeth Khorsandi Diego Davila Abid Suddle Hector Vilca-Melendez Sebastian Rufian Manuel de la Mata Javier Briceo Pedro López Cillero Nigel Heaton | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，5： | 2 |
| 20 | The aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the gut–brain axis显示文摘The aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)is a ligand-activated transcription factor initially identified as the receptor for dioxin.Almost half a century after its discovery,AHR is now recognized as a receptor for multiple physiological ligands,with important roles in health and disease.In this review,we discuss the role of AHR in the gut–brain axis and its potential value as a therapeutic target for immune-mediated diseases. | Andreia Barroso João Vitor Mahler Pedro Henrique Fonseca-Castro Francisco J.Quintana | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，2： | 2 |
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