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| 1 | Vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties based on aircraft measurements over the Loess Plateau in China显示文摘Vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties based on aircraft measurements over the Loess Plateau were measured for the first time during a summertime aircraft campaign, 2013 in Shanxi, China. Data from four flights were analyzed. The vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties including aerosol scattering coefficients(σsc), absorption coefficients(σab),Angstr?m exponent(α), single scattering albedo(ω), backscattering ratio(βsc), aerosol mass scattering proficiency(Q sc) and aerosol surface scattering proficiency(Q sc′) were obtained. The mean statistical values of σsc were 77.45 Mm-1(at 450 nm), 50.72 Mm-1(at 550 nm), and32.02 Mm-1(at 700 nm). The mean value of σab was 7.62 Mm-1(at 550 nm). The mean values ofα, βsc and ω were 1.93, 0.15, and 0.91, respectively. Aerosol concentration decreased with altitude. Most effective diameters(ED) of aerosols were less than 0.8 μm. The vertical profiles of σsc,, α, βsc, Q sc and Q sc′ showed that the aerosol scattering properties at lower levels contributed the most to the total aerosol radiative forcing. Both α and βsc had relatively large values, suggesting that most aerosols in the observational region were small particles. The mean values of σsc, α, βsc, Q sc, Q sc′, σab and ω at different height ranges showed that most of the parameters decreased with altitude. The forty-eight hour backward trajectories of air masses during the observation days indicated that the majority of aerosols in the lower level contributed the most to the total aerosol loading, and most of these particles originated from local or regional pollution emissions. | Junxia Li Xingang Liu Liang Yuan Yan Yin Zhanqing Li Peiren Li Gang Ren Lijun Jin Runjun Li Zipeng Dong Yiyu Li Junmei Yang | 2015 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2015，27，8： | 6 |
| 2 | Macro-and Micro-physical Characteristics of Different Parts of Mixed Convective-stratiform Clouds and Differences in Their Responses to Seeding显示文摘This study investigates the cloud macro-and micro-physical characteristics in the convective and stratiform regions and their different responses to the seeding for mixed convective-stratiform clouds that occurred in Shandong province on 21 May 2018,based on the observations from the aircraft,the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership(NPP)satellite,and the high-resolution Himawari-8(H8)satellite.The aircraft observations show that convection was deeper and radar echoes were significantly enhanced with higher tops in response to seeding in the convective region.This is linked with the conversion of supercooled liquid droplets to ice crystals with released latent heat,resulting in strengthened updrafts,enhanced radar echoes,higher cloud tops,and more and larger precipitation particles.In contrast,in the stratiform cloud region,after the Silver Iodide(AgI)seeding,the radar echoes become significantly weaker at heights close to the seeding layer,with the echo tops lowered by 1.4–1.7 km.In addition,a hollow structure appears at the height of 6.2–7.8 km with a depth of about 1.6 km and a diameter of about 5.5 km,and features such as icing seeding tracks appear.These suggest that the transformation between droplets and ice particles was accelerated by the seeding in the stratiform part.The NPP and H8 satellites also show that convective activity was stronger in the convective region after seeding;while in the stratiform region,a cloud seeding track with a width of 1–3 km appears 10 km downstream of the seeding layer 15 minutes after the AgI seeding,which moves along the wind direction as width increases. | Dejun LI Chuanfeng ZHAO Peiren LI Cao Liu Dianli GONG Siyao LIU Zhengteng YUAN Yingying CHEN | 2022 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2022，39，12： | 0 |
| 3 | Mechanochemistry of an Interlocked Poly[2]catenane:From Single Molecule to Bulk Gel显示文摘Mechanically interlocked molecules(MIMs)are prototypical molecular machines with parts that enable controlled,large-amplitude movement with one component positioned relative to another.Incorporating MIMs into polymeric matrices is promising for the designing of functional materials with unprecedented properties.However,the central issue is the challenges involved with establishing the mechanistic linkage between the single-molecule and the bulk material.Herein,we explore the mechanochemical properties and energetic details of a linear poly[2]catenane with strong intercomponent hydrogen bonding(IHB)revealed by single-molecule force spectroscopy.Our results showed that the individual linear poly[2]catenane chain exhibited typical sawtooth pattern,corresponding to the reversible unlocking and relocking transitions under external force or upon stimulations to dissociate or re-form the strong IHB.Furthermore,when a poly[2]catenane-based polymer gel was prepared using a thiol-ene click reaction between thiol-ended poly[2]catenane and a low-molecule-weight cross-linker,the resultant gel showed excellent mechanical adaptability and dynamic properties,which correlated well with the molecular-level observations.The unique poly[2]catenane structure also contributed to the gel formation with an extraordinary IHB-mediated swelling behavior and shape memory property.Thus our present results demonstrate the functioning of bulk material in a linear tandem manner from the behavior of a single molecule,a finding which should be applicable to other systems with versatile properties and promising applications. | Hao Xing Zhandong Li Wenbo Wang Peiren Liu Junkai Liu Yu Song Zi Liang Wu Wenke Zhang Feihe Huang | 2020 | CCS Chemistry2020，2，1： | 0 |
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