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| 1 | Management of patients with hepatitis B in special populations显示文摘The development of effective nucleos(t)ide analogs(NAs)against hepatitis B virus(HBV)has improved the outcome of patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).This review updates issues related to the management of CHB patients included in special populations.Entecavir(ETV)and tenofovir(TDF)represent the currently recommended first-line NAs in patients with HBV decompensated cirrhosis.The combination of HBV immunoglobulin(usually for a finite duration)and NA is considered the standard of care for prophylaxis against HBV recurrence after liver transplantation.TDF is the best choice for hemodialysis patients and in patients with chronic kidney disease with nucleoside resistance.ETV and telbivudine are the preferred options in na?ve renal transplant recipients and with low viremia levels,respectively.All hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag)-positive candidates should be treated with NAs before renal transplantation to achieve undetectable HBV DNA at the time of transplantation.Conventional interferon or NAs can also be used in children,on the basis of well-established therapeutic indication.Pregnant women at high risk of perinatal transmission could be treated with lamivudine,telbivudine or TDF in the last trimester of pregnancy.HBs Ag-positive patients under immunosuppression should receive NA preemptively(regardless of HBV DNA levels)up to 12 mo after its cessation.In HBs Ag negative,anti-HBc positive patients under immunosuppression,further studies are needed to form a final conclusion;however,it seems that anti-HBV prophylaxis is justified in such patients with hematological diseases and/or for those receiving rituximab-containing regimens,regardless of their antiHBs or serum HBV DNA status. | Evangelos Cholongitas Konstantinos Tziomalos Chrysoula Pipili | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，6： | 11 |
| 2 | Μanagement of patients with hepatitis B and C before and after liver and kidney transplantation显示文摘New nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs) with high genetic barrier to hepatitis B virus(HBV) resistance(such as entecavir, tenofovir) have improved the prognosis of patients with HBV decompensated cirrhosis and have prevented HBV recurrence after liver transplantation(LT). NAs are considered the most proper approach for HBV infection in patients under renal replacement therapy but their doses should be adjusted according to the patient's creatinine clearance. In addition, physi-cians should be aware of the potential nephrotoxicity. However, patients with chronic hepatitis C and decom-pensated cirrhosis can receive only one therapeutic option before LT, as well as for Hepatitis C virus(HCV) recurrence after LT, which is the combination of sub-cutaneous Peg-IFN and ribavirin. Generally, therapy for HCV after renal transplantation should be avoided. Although the optimal antiviral therapy for HCV infec-tion has not been established, attention has turned to a new, oral direct acting antiviral treatment which marks a promising strategy in prognosis and in amelioration of these diseases. | Chrysoula Pipili Evangelos Cholongitas | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，5： | 5 |
| 3 | Interferon-free regimens in patients with hepatitis C infection and renal dysfunction or kidney transplantation显示文摘Treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) and chronic hepatitis C(CHC) differs from that used in the general CHC population mostly when glomerular filtration rate(GFR) is below 30 m L/min, as sofosbuvir, the backbone of several current regimens, is officially contraindicated. Given that ribavirin free regimens are preferable in CKD, elbasvir/grazoprevir is offered in CHC patients with genotype 1 or 4 and ombitasvir/paritaprevir and dasabuvir in genotype 1b for 12 wk. Although regimens containing peginterferon with or without ribavirin are officially recommended for patients with CKD and genotype 2, 3, 5, 6, such regimens are rarely used because of their low efficacy and the poor safety and tolerance profile. In this setting, especially in the presence of advanced liver disease, sofosbuvirbased regimens are often used, despite sofosbuvir contraindication. It seems to have good overall safety with only 6% or 3.4% of CKD patients to discontinue therapy or develop serious adverse events without drug discontinuation. In addition, sustained virological response(SVR) rates with sofosbuvir based regimens in CKD patients appear to be comparable with SVR rates in patients with normal renal function. Treatment recommendations for kidney transplant recipients are the same with those for patients with CHC, taking into consideration potential drug-drug interactions and baseline GFR before treatment initiation. This review summarizes recent data on the current managementof CHC in CKD patients highlighting their strengths and weaknesses and determining their usefulness in clinical practice. | Evangelos Cholongitas Chrysoula Pipili George V Papatheodoridis | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，4： | 3 |
| 4 | Review article: nucleos(t)ide analogues in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and chronic kidney disease显示文摘 | C. Pipili E. Cholongitas G. Papatheodoridis | 2014 | Aliment Pharmacol Ther2014，，1： | 3 |
| 5 | Interferon-free regimens for the treatment of hepatitis C virus in liver transplant candidates or recipients显示文摘The goal of therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is sustained virological response(SVR) which reflects HCV eradication. Treatment against HCV has dramatically improved with the recent availability of direct-acting antivirals(DAAs) including sofosbuvir, simeprevir, daclatasvir, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, paritaprevir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir. Carefully selected combinations of these DAAs offer the potential for highly effective all-oral safe regimens even for patients with decompensated cirrhosis or liver transplant(LT) recipients. Like all current protease inhibitors, simeprevir and paritaprevir should not be used in patients with Child C cirrhosis, while sofosbuvir and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir should not be given in patients with severe renal impairment and glomerular filtration rate less than 30 m L/min. Drug-drug interactions may still occur with the current DAAs particularly in postLT patients, in whom simeprevir should not be coadministered with cyclosporine and dose adjustments of calcineurin inhibitors are required in case of regimens including the ritonavir boosted paritaprevir. Phase Ⅱ clinical trials and real life cohort studies have shown that sofosbuvir based combinations are safe and can achieve improvements of clinical status, high SVR rates and even prevention of post-LT HCV recurrence in patients with decompensated cirrhosis or LT-candidates. In the post-LT setting, sofosbuvir based regimens and the combination of paritaprevir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir have been reported to be safe and achieve high SVR rates, similar to those in non-transplantpatients, being effective even in cases with cholestatic fibrosing hepatitis. Ongoing clinical trials and rapidly emerging real life data will further clarify the safety and efficacy of the new regimens in these settings. | Evangelos Cholongitas Chrysoula Pipili George Papatheodoridis | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，32： | 2 |
| 6 | Adrenal insufficiency in patients with decompensated cirrhosis显示文摘Adrenal reserve depletion and overstimulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis are causes for adrenal insufficiency(AI) in critically ill individuals. Cirrhosis is a predisposing condition for AI in cirrhotics aswell. Both stable cirrhotics and liver transplant patients(early and later after transplantation) have been reported to present AI. The mechanisms leading to reduced cortisol production in cirrhotics are the combination of low cholesterol levels(the primary source of cortisol), the increased cytokines production that overstimulate and exhaust HPA axis and the destruction of adrenal glands due to coagulopathy. AI has been recorded in 10%-82% cirrhotics depending on the test used to evaluate adrenal function and in 9%-83% stable cirrhotics. The similarity of those proportions support the assumption that AI is an endogenous characteristic of liver disease. However, the lack of a gold standard method for AI assessment and the limitation of precise thresholds in cirrhotics make difficult the recording of the real prevalence of AI. This review aims to summarize the present data over AI in stable, critically ill cirrhotics and liver transplant recipients. Moreover, it provides information about the current knowledge in the used diagnostic tools and the possible effectiveness of corticosteroids administration in critically ill cirrhotics with AI. | Apostolos KA Karagiannis Theodora Nakouti Chrysoula Pipili Evangelos Cholongitas | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，8： | 2 |
| 7 | Renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis: Where do we stand?显示文摘Patients with cirrhosis and renal failure are high-risk patients who can hardly be grouped to form precise instructions for diagnosis and treatment. When it comes to evaluate renal function in patients with cirrhosis,determination of acute kidney injury(AKI),chronic kidney disease(CKD) or AKI on CKD should be made. First it should be excluded the prerenal causes of AKI. All cirrhotic patients should undergo renal ultrasound for measurement of renal resistive index in every stage of liver dysfunction and urine microscopy for differentiation of all causes of AKI. If there is history of dehydration on the ground of normal renal ultrasound and urine microscopy the diuretics should be withdrawn and plasma volume expansion should be tried with albumin. If the patient does not respond,the correct diagnosis is HRS. In case there is recent use of nephrotoxic agents or contrast media and examination shows shock,granular cast in urinary sediment and proteinuria above 0.5 g daily,acute tubular necrosis is the prominent diagnosis. Renal biopsy should be performed when glomerular filtration rate is between 30-60 mL/min and there are signs of parenchymal renal disease. The acute renalfunction is preferable to be assessed with modified AKIN. Patients with AKIN stage 1 and serum creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dL should be at close surveillance. Management options include hemodynamic monitoring and management of fluid balance and infections,potentially driving to HRS. Terlipressin is the treatment of choice in case of established HRS,administered until there are signs of improvement,but not more than two weeks. Midodrine is the alternative for therapy continuation or when terlipressin is unavailable. Norepinephrine has shown similar effect with terlipressin in patients being in Intensive Care Unit,but with much lower cost than that of terlipressin. If the patient meets the requirements for transplantation,dialysis and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt are the bridging therapies to keep the transplant candidate in the best clinical status. The present review clarifies the latest therapeutic modalities and the proposed recommendations and algorithms in order to be applied in clinical practice. | Chrysoula Pipili Evangelos Cholongitas | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2014，5，3： | 2 |
| 8 | Is There Any Association between IgA Nephropathy, Crohn’s Disease and Helicobacter pylori Infection?显示文摘 | Chrysoula Pipili Spyridon Michopoulos Maria Sotiropoulou Tzoulia Mpakirtzi Eirini Grapsa | 2012 | Renal Failure2012，，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Improvement of hepatic enceph_alopathy by application of peritoneal dialysis in a patient with non- end- stage renal disease显示文摘 | Pipili C Polydorou A Pantelias K | 2013 | Perit Dial Int2013，33，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Heart Rate Variability in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Its Association with Infarction Sites and Clinical Course显示文摘 | Flather M Ormerod O | 1991 | Am J Cardiol1991，67，15： | 1 |
| 11 | Two cases of silent superior vena cava syndrome associaled with vascular access and end- stage renal disease 显示文摘 | Pipili C Cholongitas E Tzanatos H | 2009 | Int J Artif Organs2009，32，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Glycemic control and survival in peritoneal dialysis patients with diabetes mellitus显示文摘 | Sekercioglu N Dimitriadis C Pipili C | 2012 | Int Urol Nephrol2012，44，6： | 1 |
| 13 | The diagnostic importance of photosensitivity dermatoses in chronic alcoholism:report of two cases显示文摘 | Pipili C Cholongitas E Ioannidou D | | 0，，11： | 1 |
| 14 | Is There Any Association between IgA Nephropathy, Crohn’s Disease and Helicobacter pylori Infection?显示文摘 | Chrysoula Pipili Spyridon Michopoulos Maria Sotiropoulou Tzoulia Mpakirtzi Eirini Grapsa | 2012 | Renal Failure2012，，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Deforming arthropathy in sys- temic lupus erythematosus显示文摘 | Pipili C Sfritzeri A Cholongitas E | 2008 | Eur J Intern Med2008，，19： | 1 |
| 16 | Deforming arthropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus 显示文摘 | Pipili C Sfritzeri A Cholongitas E | 2008 | Eur J Intern Med2008，19，： | 1 |
| 17 | Ihibition of angiogenesis,tumor growth and metastasis by the NO-releasing vasodilators,isosorbide mononitrate and dinitrate显示文摘 | Papageorgious A Sakkoula E | 1995 | Br J Pharmacol1995，116，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Two cases of silent superior vena cava syndrome associated with vascular ac- cess and end-stage renal disease 显示文摘 | Pipili C Cholongitas E Tzanatos H | 2009 | Int J Artif Organs2009，32，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Two cases of silent superior vena ca va syndrome associated with vascular access and end- stage renal disease显示文摘 | Pipili C Cholongitas E Tzanatos H | 2009 | Int J Artif Organs2009，32，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Prediction of the renal replacement therapy requirement in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients by combining biomarkers for glomerular filtration and tubular damage显示文摘 | Pipili C Ioannidou S Tripodaki ES | 2014 | J Crit Care2014，29，4： | 1 |
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