| 1 | 述评:关节软骨的细胞与分子生物力学显示文摘关节软骨是覆盖在动关节骨端表面的一层低摩擦、可承载负荷的水合软组织,其力学性能通过软骨细胞的新陈代谢来维持。物理因素,如关节载荷对软骨细胞的新陈代谢有很大的调节作用。本文对关节软骨和软骨细胞的力学性能和理论模型进行了综述,重点强调物理调节在软骨细胞生物合成和组织维护中的作用,以及在软骨功能性组织工程修复与再生医学中的应用。文中首先描述了关节软骨的分子构成、超微结构及其张力、压力、剪切力等力学性能,着重强调其相互关系。然后,通过介绍已广泛使用的结构模型,即双相和三相混合理论,对组织的力学-电化学行为进行阐述,并着重介绍简化复杂的三相理论的最新研究进展。最后,对软骨细胞和软骨素的机械性能和理论模型进行回顾总结,从而加深对细胞外基质中软骨细胞内及周围力学-电化学信号的认识。根据混合相理论,关节软骨的流动依赖性和非流动依赖性的粘弹性、溶胀行为和电动特性已经在理论上得到了成功阐述。文献中混合相理论用于软骨细胞以及周围细胞外基质的推广也为体内细胞行为物理调节机制的研究提供了新的思路。总之,应用强大的混合相理论、新的实验技术、新的或常规的办法来研究软骨细胞和基质之间的相互作用,可能有助于关节软骨工程学研究的成功。 | Leo Q.Wan Van C.Mow | 2008 | 医用生物力学2008，23，1： | 5 |
| 3 | Engineering Cells and Tissue for Studying Development and Disease显示文摘Cell and Tissue Engineering provides exciting opportunities for studying development and Disease.In this talk,we will focus on cell chirality,also known as handedness and left-right(LR)asymmetry,which is an intrinsic capability of the cell telling left from right(1)The development of the vertebrate body plan with left-right asymmetry requires the emerging chiral morphogenesis at multicellular levels at specific embryonic stages.Changes in orientation of the LR axis due to genetic or environmental factors can lead to malformations and disease.However,the concept of cell chirality has never studied in detail until the recent development of novel engineering tools[2-3].We demonstrate that the cultivation of cells on micropatterned 2D surfaces and in 3D graded hydrogels reveals an intrinsic cellular LR asymmetry,which is dependent of cell phenotype and actin cytoskeleton.With these new tools,we examine the role of cell chirality on the embryonic development of cardiac LR asymmetry [4] as well as the barrier function of endothelium layers [5].We find that Protein Kinase C(PKC)activation reverses the inherent chirality from clockwise to counter clockwise in engineering systems [4-5].Interestingly,activation of PKC signaling reverses the directional bias of chick cardiac C-looping [4].Mediating endothelial cell chirality can regulate the permeability of endothelial layers[5].Overall,our results strongly suggest critical roles of cell chirality in cardiovascular development and disease. | Leo Q.Wan | 2019 | 医用生物力学2019，34，A01： | 0 |
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