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| 1 | A long-form α-neurotoxin from cobra venom produces potent opioid-independent analgesia显示文摘Aim:In light of the antinociceptive activity of the short-chain neurotoxin,cobrotoxin,and other acetylcholine antagonists,the antinociceptive activity andmechanisms of cobratoxin(CTX),a long-chain postsynaptic α-neurotoxin,wasinvestigated in rodent pain models.Methods:CTX was administered intraperito-neally(30,45,68 μg/kg),intra-cerebral ventricularly(4.5 μg/kg)or microinjectedinto periaqueductal gray(PAG;4.5 μg/kg).The antinociceptive action was testedusing the hot-plate and acetic acid writhing tests m mice and rats.The involve-ment of the cholinergic system and opioid system in CTX-induced analgesia wasexamined by pretreatment of animals with atropine(0.5 mg/kg,im;or 10 mg/kg,ip)or naloxone(1 and 5 mg/kg,ip).The effect of CTX on motor activity was testedusing the Animex test.Results:CTX exhibited a dose-dependent analgesic ac-tion in mice as determined by both the hot-plate and acetic acid writhing tests.The peak effect of analgesia was seen 3 h after administration.In the mouse aceticacid writhing test,the intra-cerebral ventricular administration of CTX at 4.5 μg/kg(1/12th of a systemic dose)produced marked analgesic effects.Microinjection ofCTX(4.5 μgkg)into the PAG region did not elicit an analgesic action in rats in thehot-plate test.Atropine at 0.5 mg/kg(im)and naloxone at 1 and 5 mg/kg(ip)bothfailed to block the analgesic effects of CTX,but atropine at 10 mg/kg(ip)didantagonize the analgesia mediated by CTX in the mouse acetic acid writhing test.Acetylsalicylic acid(300 mg/kg)did not enhance the analgesic effects of CTX.Atthe highest effective dose of 68 μg/kg the neurotoxin did not change the sponta-neous mobility of mice.Conclusion:CTX has analgesic effects,which are medi-ated in the central nervous system though not through the PAG.The centralcholinergic system but not opioid system appears to be involved in theantinociceptive action of CTX. | Zhi-xin CHEN Hui-ling ZHANG Zhen-lun GU Bo-wen CHEN Rong HAN Paul F REID Laurence N RAYMOND Zheng-hong QIN | 2006 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2006，27，4： | 7 |
| 2 | Suppression of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis by cobratoxin显示文摘 | Yan-li LIU Hai-ming LIN Rong ZOU Jun-chao WU Rong HAN Laurence N RAYMOND Paul F REID Zheng-hong QIN | 2009 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2009，30，2： | 6 |
| 3 | Size effect on the Fe nano- crystalline phase transformation 显示文摘 | Meng Q Zhou N Rong Y | 2002 | Acta Mater2002，50，18： | 1 |
| 4 | Development of a finite element analysis tool for fixture design integrity verification and optimization 显示文摘 | Amaral N Rencis J J Rong Y M | 2005 | The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology2005，25，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Effect of Mo ad-dition on the microstructure and mechanical properties ofultra-fine grade TiC-TiN-WC-Mo2C-Co cermets 显示文摘 | Li Y Liu N Zhang X B Rong C L | 2008 | In-ternational Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materi-als2008，26，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Role of Ni and Zr doping on the electrical, optical, magnetic, and structural properties of barium zinc tantalate ceramics显示文摘 | RONG G NEWMAN N SHAW B | 1999 | Journal of Materials Research1999，10，： | 1 |
| 7 | trans - 2 - Aminocyclohexanol as a pH - sensitive conformational switch in lipid amphiphiles 显示文摘 | BRAZDOVA B RONG N SAMOSHIN V | 2008 | Chem Commun2008，39，： | 1 |
| 8 | ε-Weak Minimal Solutions of Vector Optimization Problems with Set-valued Maps显示文摘 | Rong W D Wu Y N | 2000 | Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications2000，106，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Onlinesequential fuzzy extreme learning machine for function ap- proximafian and classification problems 显示文摘 | Rong H J Huang G B Sundararajan N | 2009 | Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B: Cybernetics IEEE Transactions on2009，39，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Online Sequential Fuzzy Extreme Learning Machine for Functionapproxi- mation and Classification Problems 显示文摘 | Rong H J Huang G B Sundararajan N | 2009 | IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics PartB2009，39，4： | 1 |
| 11 | ε-weak minimal solutions of vector optimiaztion problems with set-valued maps显示文摘 | RONG W D WU Y N | 2000 | Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications2000，106，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Size-dependent chemical and - moagnetic mrdering in L10-FePt nanoparticles 显示文摘 | Rong C B Li D Vikas N | 2006 | Adv Mater2006，18，： | 1 |
| 13 | Immunogenicity of induced pluripotent stem cells显示文摘 | ZHAO T ZHANG Z N RONG Z | 2011 | Nature2011，474，7350： | 1 |
| 14 | Genetic mapping of a cross between Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) and the Hawaiian endemic, Gossypium tomentosum显示文摘 | WAGHMARE V N Rong J K Paterson A H | 2005 | Theor Appl Genet2005，111，： | 1 |
| 15 | Characterizations of super efficicncy in conecomexlike vector optimization with set-valued maps显示文摘 | RONG W D WU Y N | 1998 | Math Meth OperRes1998，，48： | 1 |
| 16 | A one-year trial of lamivudine for chromic hepatitisB显示文摘 | CHING LL RONG NC leung N | 1998 | New Engl J Med1998，339，9： | 1 |
| 17 | A two warehouse inventory model for a deteriorating item with partially/fully backlogged shortage and fuzzy lead time 显示文摘 | Rong M Mahapatra N K Maiti M | 2008 | European J of Operational Research2008，189，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Behavior of cytokine levels in serum and peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis显示文摘 | Rong R Ramachandran S Santanam N | 2003 | Fertil Steril2003，，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Behavior of cytokine levels in serum and peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis 显示文摘 | Rong R Ramachandran S Santanam N | 2003 | Fertil Steril2003，79，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Auto- mated Variable Weighting in k-means Type Clustering显示文摘 | JOSHUA Z H MICHAEL K N RONG Hong-qiang | 2005 | IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence2005，27，5： | 1 |
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