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| 1 | Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease:Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate显示文摘The development of formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate(eG FR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C and accounting for certain variables affecting the production rate of these biomarkers, including ethnicity, gender and age, has led to the current scheme of diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease(CKD),which is based on e GFR values and albuminuria.This scheme has been applied extensively in various populations and has led to the current estimates of prevalence of CKD. In addition, this scheme is applied in clinical studies evaluating the risks of CKD and the efficacy of various interventions directed towards improving its course. Disagreements between creatinine-based and cystatin-based e GFR values and between e GFR values and measured GFR have been reported in various cohorts. These disagreements are the consequence of variations in the rate of production and in factors, other than GFR, affecting the rate of removal of creatinine and cystatin C. The disagreements create limitations for all e GFR formulas developed so far. The main limitations are low sensitivity in detecting early CKD in several subjects, e.g., those with hyperfiltration, and poor prediction of the course of CKD. Research efforts in CKD are currently directed towards identification of biomarkers that are better indices of GFR than the current biomarkers and,particularly, biomarkers of early renal tissue injury. | Ahmed Alaini Deepak Malhotra Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Zeid J Khitan Dominic SC Raj Mark Rohrscheib Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Methodology2017，7，3： | 7 |
| 2 | Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Illicium griffithii Hook. f. & Thoms extracts显示文摘 | A Vijayakumar V Duraipandiyan B Jeyaraj P Agastian M Karunai Raj S Ignacimuthu | 2012 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease2012，，3： | 4 |
| 3 | Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice显示文摘The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance. | Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2018 | World Journal of Nephrology2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 4 | Microcellular polymeric materials from microemulsions:Control of microstructure and morphology显示文摘 | W R P Raj M Sasthav H M Cheung | 1993 | Journal of Applied Polymer Science1993，47，3： | 2 |
| 5 | New insights into the management of acne: An update from the Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne Group显示文摘 | Diane Thiboutot Harald Gollnick Vincenzo Bettoli Brigitte Dréno Sewon Kang James J. Leyden Alan R. Shalita Vicente Torres Lozada Diane Berson Andrew Finlay Chee Leok Goh María Isabel Herane Ana Kaminsky Raj Kubba Alison Layton Yoshiki Miyachi Montserrat P | 2009 | Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology2009，，5： | 2 |
| 6 | Isolation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Azotobacter chroococcum from local litchi orchards and evaluation of their activity in the air-layers system显示文摘 | SHARMA S D KUMAR P RAJ H | 2009 | Scientia Hortieulturae2009，123，： | 1 |
| 7 | Design of stable steam injectors for continuous heating显示文摘 | Raj P Julie V Mark C | 1996 | Journal of Chemistry Technology and Biotecnology1996，66，： | 1 |
| 8 | Suc- cessful combination therapy of a proximal haemophilic pseudotumour with surgery, radiation and emboliza- tion in a child with mild haemophilia A显示文摘 | AHUJA S P SIDONIO R J R RAJ A B | 2007 | Haemo- philia2007，13，： | 1 |
| 9 | IL-6 modulates sepsis-induced decreases in transcription of hepatic organic anion and bile acid transporters显示文摘 | Andrejko K M Raj N R Kim P K | 2008 | Shock2008，29，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Metallic Copper Nanoparticles显示文摘 | Dhas N A Raj C P Gedanken A | 1998 | Chemis- try of Materials1998，10，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Human papillomavirus type 16 E2 protein has no effect on transcription from episomal viral DNA显示文摘 | Bechtold V Beard P Raj K | 2003 | J Virol2003，77，3： | 1 |
| 12 | 显示文摘 | Rai P Raj S Ko K J | 2013 | Sensor Actuat B2013，178，： | 1 |
| 13 | Baldock and david chittleborough, is CO2 evolution in saline soils affected by an osmotic effect and calcium carbonate显示文摘 | Raj Setia Jeff P M | 2010 | Biology and Fertility of Soils2010，46，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Better sintering through green--state deformation processing显示文摘 | CAMERON C P RAJ R | 1990 | J Am Ceram Soc1990，70，2： | 1 |
| 15 | A survey of major approaches for accelerating new product development 显示文摘 | Murry R M Raj S P Wilemon | 1992 | Production Innovation Management1992，9，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Interleukin 6 modulates hepatic and muscle protein synthesis during hemodialysis显示文摘 | Raj DS Moseley P Dominic EA | 2008 | Kidney Int2008，73，： | 1 |
| 17 | Risk analysis based LNG facility siting standard in NFPA 59A显示文摘 | RAJ P K LEMOFF THEODORE | 2009 | Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries2009，，22： | 1 |
| 18 | Adsorption and desorption of pendimethalin, fluchloralin and oxadiazon on soils 显示文摘 | Raj M F Patel B K Shah P G | 1999 | Pesti- cide Research Journal1999，11，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Molecular cloning and tissue-specific expression of Toll-like receptor 5 gene from turkeys显示文摘 | GOPINATH V P BISWAS M RAJ O D | 2011 | Avian Dis2011，55，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Genetic polymorphisms of CCL2,CCLS, CCR2 and CCR5 genes in Sahariya tribe of North Central India: an association study with pulmonary tuberculosis 显示文摘 | Mishra G Poojary SS Raj P | 2012 | Infect Genet Evol2012，12，5： | 1 |
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