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| 1 | Effect of proteins,polysaccharides,and particle sizes on sludge dewaterability显示文摘Four batch experiments of hydrolysis and acidification were carried out to investigate the distributions of proteins(PN) and polysaccharides(PS) in the sludge,the PN/PS ratio,the particle sizes,and their relationship with sludge dewaterability(as determined by capillary suction time,CST) . The sludge flocs were stratified through centrifugation-and ultrasound-based method into four fractions:(1) slime,(2) loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances(LB-EPS) ,(3) tightly bound EPS(TB-EPS) ,and(4) pellet. The results showed that PN was mainly partitioned in the pellet(80.7%) and TB-EPS(9.6%) fractions,while PS distributed evenly in the four fractions. During hydrolysis and acidification,PN was transferred from the pellet and TB-EPS fractions to the slime fraction,but PS had no significant transfer trends. The mean particle sizes of the sludge flocs decreased with hydrolysis and acidification. The pH had a more significant influence on the dewaterability of sludge flocs than temperature. Sludge dewaterability during hydrolysis and acidification processes greatly deteriorated from 9.7 s at raw sludge to 340-450 s under alkaline conditions. However,it was just slightly increased under acidic conditions. Further investigation suggested that CST was affected by soluble PN,soluble PN/PS,and particle sizes of sludge flocs,but was affected slightly by total PN,PS,or PN/PS in the whole sludge flocs and other fractions(except slime) . | SHAO Liming,HE Peipei,YU Guanghui,HE Pinjing State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse,Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009,21,1: | 37 |
| 2 | Microwave photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B using TiO_2 supported on activated carbon:Mechanism implication显示文摘The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB) was carried out using TiO2 supported on activated carbon(TiO2-AC) under microwave irradiation.Composite catalyst TiO2-AC was prepared and characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET).In the process of microwave-enhanced photocatalysis(MPC),RhB(30 mg/L) was almost completely decoloured in 10 min,and the mineralization effciency was 96.0% in 20 min.The reaction rate constant of RhB in MPC using TiO2-AC by pseudo first-order reaction kinetics was 4.16 times of that using Degussa P25.Additionally,according to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry(LC/MS) identification,the major intermediates of RhB in MPC included two kinds of N-de-ethylation intermediates(N,N-diethyl-N'-ethyl-rhodamine(DER)),oxalic acid,malonic acid,succinic acid,and phthalic acid,maleic acid,3-nitrobenzoic acid,and so on.The degradation of RhB in MPC was mainly attributed to the destruction of the conjugated structure,and then the intermediates transformed to acid molecules which were mineralized to water and carbon dioxide. | HE Zhong,YANG Shaogui,JU Yongming,SUN Cheng State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,School of the Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China. | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009,21,2: | 22 |
| 3 | Excavation and characterization of refuse in closed landfill显示文摘Refuse in landfills becomes stabilized as organic matter in refuse degrades and soluble inorganic substances dissolve during their long term stabilization process. In this paper, this process is also referred to as mineralization process and the resultant stabilized refuse referred to as aged refuse. Aged refuse contains a wide spectrum and huge quantity of microorganisms with strong decomposition capability for refractory organic matter present in some wastewater such as leachate. In this study, aged refuse excavated from 2 to 10 years old closed landfill compartments in Shanghai Refuse Landfill is characterized in terms of particulate distribution by screening, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, biodegradable matter. The approaches for redevelopment of both land and aged refuse in the stabilized landfills are proposed. | ZHAO You cai (The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. ) | 2002 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2002,14,3: | 17 |
| 4 | Simultaneous adsorption of lead and cadmium on MnO_2-loaded resin显示文摘MnO2-loaded D301 weak basic anion exchange resin has been used as adsorbent to simultaneously remove lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution.The effects of adsorbent dosage,solution pH and the coexistent ions on the adsorption were investigated.Experimental results showed that with the adsorbent dosage more than 0.6 g/L,both Pb 2+ and Cd2+ were simultaneously removed at pH range 5-6.Except for HPO 42+ ,the high concentration coexistent ions such as Na + ,K + ,Cl+ ,NO3-,SO42+ and HCO3-,showed no significant effect on the removal efficiency of both Pb2+ and Cd2+ under the experimental conditions.The coexistence of Mg2+ ,Ca2+ caused the reduction of Cd2+ removal,but not for Pb2+ .The adsorption equilibrium for Pb2+ and Cd 2+ could be excellently described by the Langmuir isotherm model with R2 > 0.99.The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated as 80.64 mg/g for Pb2+ and 21.45 mg/g for Cd2+ .The adsorption processes followed the pseudo first-order kinetics model.MnO2-loaded D301 resin has been shown to have a potential to be used as an effective adsorbent for simultaneous removal of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution. | Lijing Dong,Zhiliang Zhu,Hongmei Ma,Yanling Qiu,Jianfu ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China | 2010 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2010,22,2: | 16 |
| 5 | RESEARCH ON HYDRODYNAMIC AND WATER QUALITY MODEL FOR TIDAL RIVER NETWORKS显示文摘Hydrodynamic and water quality model for tidal river network is set up with MIKE11 modeling system, according to the features of tidal river networks in plain area. The model was calibrated using the hydrological and water quality data of 1999, and the results show that the simulated values agree with the measured data very well. This model is used to numerically analyze the effects of low flow augmentation on hydrodynamic and water quality conditions of Suzhou Creek. The simulation results show that the flow augmentation can increase net discharge of Suzhou Creek and improve its ability of re aeration; and its concentration of dissolved oxygen in the river networks can also increase correspondingly. | Xu Zu xin, Lu Shi qiang School of Environment Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China | 2003 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2003,15,2: | 15 |
| 6 | Release of volatile organic compounds during bio-drying of municipal solid waste显示文摘Three treatments were tested to investigate the release concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the bio-drying of municipal solid waste (MSW) by the aerobic and combined hydrolytic-aerobic processes.Results showed that VOCs were largely released in the first 4 days of bio-drying and the dominant components were:dimethyl disulfide,dimethyl sulfide,benzene,2-butanone,limonene and methylene chloride.Thus,the combined hydrolytic-aerobic process was suggested for MSW bio-drying due to fewer aeration quantities in this phase when compared with the aerobic process,and the treatment strategies should base on the key properties of these prominent components.Malodorous sulfur compounds and terpenes were mainly released in the early phase of bio-drying,whereas,two peaks of release concentrations appeared for aromatics and ketones during bio-drying.Notably,for the combined hydrolytic-aerobic processes there were also high concentrations of released aromatics in the shift from hydrolytic to aerobic stages.High concentrations of released chlorinateds were observed in the later phase.For the VOCs produced during MSW bio-drying,i.e.,malodorous sulfur compounds,terpenes and chlorinateds,their release concentrations were mainly determined by production rates;for the VOCs presented initially in MSW,such as aromatics,their transfer and transport in MSW mainly determined the release concentrations. | Pinjing He,Jiafu Tang,Dongqing Zhang,Yang Zeng,Liming ShaoState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China. | 2010 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2010,22,5: | 13 |
| 7 | Effect of high-strength ammonia nitrogen acclimation on sludge activity in sequencing batch reactor显示文摘The effect of high-strength ammonia nitrogen acclimation on sludge activity in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was investigated. Two batch experiments, RUN1 and RUN2, were conducted with the influent ammonia nitrogen concentrations 60 and 500 mg/L, respectively. The sludges inoculated from RUN1 and RUN2 were used to treat a series of influent with ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 59, 232, 368, 604 and 1152 mg/L. It is found that the activated sludge acclimated to higher ammonia nitrogen concentrations revealed higher COD and NH 4 + -N removal efficiencies, and slower DHA decrease. The results confirmed that the activities of the bacteria in activated sludge in SBR were inhibited by high-strength ammonia nitrogen, whereas the activated sludge acclimated to high-strength ammonia nitrogen showed substantial resistance to inhibition by influents containing high levels of ammonia nitrogen. | Feifei Wang, Yuanhong Ding, Lei Ge, Hongqiang Ren, Lili Ding State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. | 2010 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2010,22,11: | 12 |
| 8 | Kinetic analysis of waste activated sludge hydrolysis and short-chain fatty acids production at pH 10显示文摘The accumulation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), a preferred carbon source for enhanced biological phosphorus removal microbes, was significantly improved when waste activated sludge (WAS) was fermented at pH 10. The kinetics of WAS hydrolysis and SCFAs production at pH 10 was investigated. It was observed that during WAS anaerobic fermentation the accumulation of SCFAs was limited by the hydrolysis process, and both the hydrolysis of WAS particulate COD and the accumulation of SCFAs followed first-order kinetics. The hydrolysis and SCFAs accumulation rate constants increased with increasing temperature from 10 to 35°C, which could be described by the Arrhenius equation. The kinetic data further indicated that SCFAs production at pH 10 was a biological process. Compared with the experiment of pH uncontrolled (blank test), both the rate constants of WAS hydrolysis and SCFAs accumulation at 20°C were improved significantly when WAS was fermented at pH 10. | FENG Leiyu, YAN Yuanyuan, CHEN Yinguang State key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009,21,5: | 12 |
| 9 | Thermal stabilization of chromium slag by sewage sludge: Effects of sludge quantity and temperature显示文摘To investigate the feasibility of detoxifying chromium slag by sewage sludge,synthetic chromium slag containing 3% of Cr(VI) was mixed with sewage sludge followed by thermal treatment in nitrogen gas for stabilizing chromium.The effects of slag to sludge ratio(0.5,1 and 2) and temperature(200,300,500,700 and 900°C) on treatment efficiency were investigated.During the mixing process before thermal treatment,59.8%-99.7% of Cr(VI) was reduced,but Cr could be easily leached from the reduction product.Increasing heating temperature and decreasing slag to sludge ratio strengthened the reduction and stabilization of Cr(VI).When the slag to sludge ratio was 0.5 and thermal treatment temperature was 300°C,the total leached Cr and Cr(VI) declined to 0.55 mg/L and 0.17 mg/L respectively,and 45.5% of Cr in the thermally treated residue existed as residual fraction.A two-stage mechanism was proposed for the reduction and stabilization of Cr. | Changlin Wu,Hua Zhang,Pinjing He,Liming Shao State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse,Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,College of Environmental Science & Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China. | 2010 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2010,22,7: | 11 |
| 10 | Enzyme extraction by ultrasound from sludge flocs显示文摘Enzymes play essential roles in the biological processes of sludge treatment.In this article,the ultrasound method to extract enzymes from sludge flocs was presented.Results showed that using ultrasound method at 20 kHz could extract more types of enzymes than that at 40 kHz and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA) methods.The optimum parameters of ultrasound extraction at 20 kHz were duration of 10 min and intensity of 552 W/g TSS.Under the optimum condition,ultrasound could break the cells and extract both the extracellular and a small part of intercellular enzymes.Ultrasound intensity was apparently more susceptive to enzyme extraction than duration,suggesting that the control of intensity during ultrasound extraction was more important than that of duration.The Pearson correlation analysis between enzyme activities and cation contents revealed that the different types of enzymes had distinct cation binding characteristics. | YU Guanghui,HE Pinjing,SHAO Liming,ZHU Yishu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China. | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009,21,2: | 8 |
| 11 | Modeling and prediction for the acute toxicity of pesticide mixtures to the freshwater luminescent bacterium Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67显示文摘In China, water pollution by pesticide mixtures has constituted a serious environmental problem due to potential toxicity and bioaccumulation. But few pesticide combinations have exactly similar and dissimilar mechanisms of action. For this purpose, in tests with the freshwater luminescent bacterium (Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67), ten pesticides, including three herbicides and seven insecticides, were selected as test substances. Concentration response analysis was performed for ten individual substances, and for mixtures containing all ten substances in twelve different concentration ratios (based on UDCR and EECR methods). The observed mixture toxicity was compared with predictions by the two models, concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA). The toxicity of the tested mixtures showed a good agreement with those predicted by the concept of CA except four UDCR mixtures: UD10-2, UD10-4, UD10-8 and UD10-10. To examine the influence of imidacloprid in the four UDCR mixtures (UD10-2, UD10-4, UD10-8, UD10-10), it was removed from the ten-pesticide mixtures and the remaining nine chemicals were combined at the same relative proportions based on the UDCR method (UD9-2, UD9-4, UD9-8, UD9-10). There was not significant departure from CA for the scattered points with the nine remaining pesticides omitting imidacloprid. Thus, imidacloprid may significantly influence the other pesticides due to its properties. | Xuefei Zhou, Wenjing Sang, Shushen Liu, Yalei Zhang, Huilin GeState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. | 2010 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2010,22,3: | 7 |
| 12 | Predicting bioconcentration factor values of organic pollutants based on medv descriptors derived QSARs显示文摘The molecular electronegativity-distance vector (MEDV) is employed to describe the chemical structure of organic pollutants. Quantitative linear relationships between the molecular descriptors and BCF values are developed by best subset regression and partial least square regression analysis. The main structural factors influencing the bioactivities are -CH2, -X, -C≮, -C≮, -O-. The high values of r2 and q2LOO present good estimation ability and stability of models. The prediction power for external samples is validated by the model developed from the training set. | CUI ShiHai1,2, YANG Jing1, LIU ShuShen2,3 & WANG LianSheng2 1 College of Chemistry and Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 3 Key Laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China | 2007 | Science China Chemistry2007,50,5: | 7 |
| 13 | Biodegradation kinetic of organic compounds of acrylic fiber wastewater in biofilm显示文摘A group function relation curve between flux(J) and bulk phase concentration of substrate(S) was set up. The biodegradation kinetic of organic compounds of acrylic fiber wastewater in biofilm is studied(the treatment technology is coagulation/sedimentation-anoxic/aerobic biofilm process), and the results showed that the concentration of non-degradation pollutants in effluent is 77 mg/L. In aerobic zone, the half-rate constant is 72.84 mg/L, the maximum removal rate of organic compounds at unit area filler is very low, 0.089 g/(m 2·d), which corresponds to the fact that there are some biorefractory compounds in the wastewater. | ZHANG Ya-lei+*, ZHAO Jian-fu, GU Guo-wei (State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. | 2003 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2003,15,6: | 7 |
| 14 | WATER QUALITY MODELING OF SUZHOU CREEK显示文摘Water-quality models are important tools for improving river environment. In this paper, the project 'Water Quality Modeling of the Suzhou Creek' was briefly described, including the choice and the principle of the model, the model study and methods, the calibration and verification of the stream model. A set of parameters about water environmental characteristic of the Suzhou Creek were put forward in the period of the third water dispatch experiment in 1999. It is necessary to point out that these parameters will change with the rehabilitation and construction of the Suzhou Creek. | Xu Zu-xin, Liao Zhen-liang Pollution Control and Resource Reuse State Key Laboratory, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China Liu Dong-sheng Shanghai Environmental Information Center, Shanghai 200050, China | 2002 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2002,14,2: | 6 |
| 15 | DEVELOPMENT OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMIC AND WATER QUALITY MODEL FOR HUANGPU RIVER显示文摘Based on numerical computation model RMA2 and RMA4 with open source code, finite element meshes representing the study domain are created, then the finite element hydrodynamic and water quality model for Huangpu River is developed and calibrated, and the simulation results are analyzed. This developed hydrodynamic and water quality model is used to analyze the influence of discharged wastewater from planning Wastwater Treatment Plant (WWTP) on Huangpu River’s water quality. | Xu Zu xin, Yin Hai longState Key Laboratory of pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China | 2003 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2003,15,2: | 6 |
| 16 | A novel aminated polymeric adsorbent for removing refractory dissolved organic matter from landfill leachate treatment plant显示文摘Refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM) from landfill leachate treatment plant was with high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. An aminated polymeric adsorbent NDA-8 with tertiary amino groups and sufficient mesopore was synthesized, which exhibited high adsorption capacity to the DOM (raw water after coagulation). Resin NDA-8 performed better in the uptake of the DOM than resin DAX-8 and A100. Electrostatic attraction was considered as the decisive interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate. Special attention was paid to the correlation between porous structure and adsorption capacity. The mesopore of NDA-8 played a crucial role during uptake of the DOM. In general, resin in chloride form performed a higher removal rate of DOC. According to the column adsorption test, total adsorption capacity of NDA-8 was calculated to 52.28 mg DOC/mL wet resin. 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution could regenerate the adsorbent efficiently. | ZHANG Long, LI Aimin, WANG Jinnan, LU Yufei, ZHOU Youdong State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009,21,8: | 5 |
| 17 | Transformation of organic matters in fresh leachate during anaerobic degradation under long hydraulic retention time显示文摘This study investigated the biodegradability of fresh leachate from a young municipal solid waste landfill at the inoculum to substrate ratios(V/V) of 10/100,25/100,50/100 and 100/100,as well as the transformation of organic matters in leachate under prolonged hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 50 d.Fresh leachate showed a good biodegradability,with chemical oxygen demand(COD) removal effciency as high as 87%-92%and cumulative methane yield close to theoretical value(0.35 L CH4/g CODdeg) .Methane production and COD depletion presented biphasic characteristics associated with the successive utilization of two major intermediates,acetate and propionate.The biphasic degradation of fresh leachate was resulted from the different hydrolysis rates of diverse substrates and the changes in microorganism community structure.After 50 d,the effuents were dominated by high-MW organic compounds(MW>10 kDa) at each inoculum ratio,which might be refractory compounds released from cell lyses. | XU Suyun,HE Pinjing,LU Fan,LI Min,SHAO Liming State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse,Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009,21,9: | 5 |
| 18 | Adsorption of Acetanilide Herbicides on Soil and Its Components: Ⅳ. Sorption of Acetanilide Herbicides on Soils and its Correlation with Soil Properties显示文摘Sorption of acetanilide herbicides, metolachlor, acetochlor, pretilachlor and butachlor on eight soils with various physical and chemical properties was studied. The adsorption isotherms could fit Freundich equation well (r 2 ≥0.91) and the adsorption extents increased in the order: metolachlor < acetochlor < pratilachlor < butachlor. The product of Freundlich adsorption constants, Kf (1/n), showed to have a good correlation with organic matter content (OM) of soils for each of these herbicides, suggesting that OM is the primary factor dominating in the adsorption process of these asetanilide herbicides. Multivariant correlation regression between Kf (1/n) and two factors, water solubility (S.) of herbicides and OM, was also performed. Kf(1/n) correlated with 1/S. and OM/S. well, showing that high S. corresponds to a weak tendency to adsorb on soils. Infrared (IR) spectra and electron spin resonance (ESR) parameters confirmed that multifunctional H-bonds and charge-transfer bonds were the main adsorption mechanisms of these acetanilide herbicides. The abilities of herbicides to form these adsorption bonds with HA increased in the same order as the extent of adsorption. | LIU WEIPING WANG QIQUAN YANG WEICHUN and WANG XIAORONG State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China) Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University at Yuquan, Hangzhou 510027 | 2001 | Pedosphere2001,11,3: | 5 |
| 19 | STUDY ON THE TREATMENT AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER FROM THE PRODUCTION OF 2-NAPHTHANOL显示文摘Systematic studies on the treatment and reuse of the acid industrial wastewatercontaining Sodium 2-Naphthylsulfonate (β-salt) from 2--Naphthanol of production processby ND--910 resin (made by self)is reported in this paper.Under the operation conditionsof initial β-salt concentration of 10000-25000mg/L and initial CODcr of 2000040000mg/L, the removal rates of Sodium 2-Naphthylsulfonate and CODcr are over 95%and over 89%, respectively. The effluent can be discharged directly after biologicaldegradation. The working sorption capacity of ND-910 Resin for β-salt is over 230g/Kg.An alkali-water wash procedure is utilized to regenerate resin and the reclaiming rate ofβ-salt is over 98%. | Zhang HUICHUN Chen JINLONG Zhang QUANXING(The state key laboratory of pollution control and resource reuse,Nanjing University 210093) | 1999 | Chinese Journal of Reactive Polymers1999,8,1: | 5 |
| 20 | 2D/3D-QSAR comparative study on mutagenicity of nitroaromatics显示文摘Nitroaromatics are typical toxic organic pollutants and are ubiquitous in environment with diverse structures. They are widely used in many industries and formed during many natural and anthropogenic processes. Most of these pollutants are potentially carcinogenic and the as-sessment and prediction of the mutagenicity of nitroaromatics are of great interest. In this paper the structure-mutagenicity relationships of 219 nitroaromatics are investigated by molecular or-bital theory based classic structure-activity relationships and comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). A comparison is undertaken in respect of the interpretation of mechanism and predic-tive ability for these two categories of QSAR approaches and highly predictive QSAR models have been developed. | WANG Xiaodong1, LIN Zhifen2, YIN Daqiang1, LIU Shushen1 & WANG Liansheng1 1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment at Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 2. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301,China | 2005 | Science China Chemistry2005,48,3: | 4 |