| 1 | Synthetic cell pathobiology to study neurodegeneration: defining new therapeutic targets in astroglia显示文摘Synthetic biology is the design and construction of new biological parts,devices,and systems,and the re-design of existing,natural biological systems for useful purposes.This new interdisciplinary effort has gained interest from the industry sector,and synthetic biology has been used to produce fragrances,such as vanillin in yeast,in cells that do not normally exist in nature(Carlquist et al., | Matjaz Stenovec: Robert Zorec | 2016 | Neural Regeneration Research2016，11，2： | 1 |
| 2 | Astrocytes in human central nervous system diseases: a frontier for new therapies显示文摘Astroglia are a broad class of neural parenchymal cells primarily dedicated to homoeostasis and defence of the central nervous system(CNS).Astroglia contribute to the pathophysiology of all neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in ways that can be either beneficial or detrimental to disorder outcome.Pathophysiological changes in astroglia can be primary or secondary and can result in gain or loss of functions.Astroglia respond to external,non-cell autonomous signals associated with any form of CNS pathology by undergoing complex and variable changes in their structure,molecular expression,and function.In addition,internally driven,cell autonomous changes of astroglial innate properties can lead to CNS pathologies.Astroglial pathophysiology is complex,with different pathophysiological cell states and cell phenotypes that are context-specific and vary with disorder,disorder-stage,comorbidities,age,and sex.Here,we classify astroglial pathophysiology into(i)reactive astrogliosis,(ii)astroglial atrophy with loss of function,(iii)astroglial degeneration and death,and(iv)astrocytopathies characterised by aberrant forms that drive disease.We review astroglial pathophysiology across the spectrum of human CNS diseases and disorders,including neurotrauma,stroke,neuroinfection,autoimmune attack and epilepsy,as well as neurodevelopmental,neurodegenerative,metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders.Characterising cellular and molecular mechanisms of astroglial pathophysiology represents a new frontier to identify novel therapeutic strategies. | Alexei Verkhratsky Arthur Butt Baoman Li Peter Illes Robert Zorec Alexey Semyanov Yong Tang Michael V.Sofroniew | 2023 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2023，8，11： | 0 |
| 3 | 星形胶质细胞松散的兴奋-分泌耦合(英文)显示文摘星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统中扮演重要角色。此外,作为分泌性细胞,星形胶质细胞还活跃地参与被膜囊泡介导的细胞间通讯。当囊泡膜与细胞质膜融合时,储存在这些囊泡中的胶质细胞信号分子流出细胞外。这个过程称之为胞吐作用,受SNARE蛋白调节,为细胞内钙水平升高所引起。钙来源于细胞内的内质网储存,它从细胞外的进入归因于星形胶质细胞的细胞钙动力学。本文探讨星形胶质细胞胞吐作用中的钙管理,以及储存胶质细胞信号分子的膜囊泡特性,包括囊泡融合和囊泡内容物流出的机械动力学。在星形胶质细胞中,细胞内钙水平增加和囊泡腔中分泌物流出的延迟略长于神经元。这种相对松散的兴奋-分泌耦合可能根据星形胶质细胞在神经网络调控中的参与来调整。 | Nina Vardjan Vladimir Parpura Robert Zorec 王晶(编译) | 2016 | 神经损伤与功能重建2016，11，3： | 0 |
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