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| 1 | Evolving paradigms in biological carbon cycling in the ocean显示文摘Carbon is a keystone element in global biogeochemical cycles.It plays a fundamental role in biotic andabiotic processes in the ocean,which intertwine to mediate the chemistry and redox status of carbon in the ocean and the atmosphere.The interactions between abiotic and biogenic carbon(e.g.CO_2,Ca CO_3,organic matter)in the ocean are complex,and there is a half-century-old enigma about the existence of a huge reservoir of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon(RDOC)that equates to the magnitude of the pool of atmospheric CO_2.The concepts of the biological carbon pump(BCP)and the microbial loop(ML)shaped our understanding of the marine carbon cycle.The more recent concept of the microbial carbon pump(MCP),which is closely connected to those of the BCP and the ML,explicitly considers thesignificance of the ocean’s RDOC reservoir and provides a mechanistic framework for the exploration of its formation and persistence.Understanding of the MCP has benefited from advanced‘omics’and novel research in biological oceanography and microbial biogeochemistry.The need to predict the ocean’sresponse to climate change makes an integrative understanding of the BCP,ML and MCP a high priority.In this review,we summarize and discuss progress since the proposal of the MCP in 2010 and formulate research questions for the future. | Chuanlun Zhang Hongyue Dang Farooq Azam Ronald Benner Louis Legendre Uta Passow Luca Polimene Carol Robinson Curtis A.Suttle Nianzhi Jiao | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，4： | 12 |
| 2 | Unveiling the enigma of refractory carbon in the ocean显示文摘INTRODUCTION The ocean holds a tremendous reservoir of refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC)that plays an important role in carbon cycling and climate change [1].However,the origin of the RDOC has been an enigma for half a century. This perspective is to address why the enigma deserves scientific efforts and illustrate a robust scheme--the Microbial Carbon Pump (MCP)-to unveil the enigma from molecular to ecosystem levels,Through generation of intrinsic RDOC (RDOCt)under specific biotic and abiotic environmental conditions,as well as through derivation of diverse organic molecules at extremely low concentrations (RDOCc). | Nianzhi Jiao Ruanhong Cai Qiang Zheng Kai Tang Jihua Liu Fanglue Jiao Douglas Wallace Feng Chen Chao Li Rudolf Amann Ronald Benner Farooq Azam | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，4： | 10 |
| 3 | An implementation strategy to quantify the marine microbial carbon pump and its sensitivity to global change显示文摘INTRODUCTION The persistence of the vast pool of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) in the deep ocean is fundamental to both global carbon cycling and global climate.Yet,quantitative understanding of the mechanisms that produce and utilize RDOC is still in its infancy.Moving from a conceptual framework to quantitative understanding in marine carbon cycling can take the international research community several decades--precious time that is not available in this era of anthropogenic dimate change.This perspective paper sets out an implementation strategy to move efficiently from conceptual hypotheses of marine carbon storage to quantification of the capacity for marine carbon storage through the microbial carbon pump (MCP),its sensitivity to global change and potential for modification.The aim is to excite and facilitate the intemational scientific community to hasten this process via an internationally co-ordinated multidisciplinary research initiative. | Carol Robinson Douglas Wallace Jung-Ho Hyun Luca Polimene Ronald Benner Yao Zhang Ruanhong Cai Rui Zhang Nianzhi Jiao | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，4： | 4 |
| 4 | Hydrogen-deficient molecules in natural riverine water samples—evidence for the existence of black carbon in DOM显示文摘 | Sunghwan Kim Louis A. Kaplan Ronald Benner Patrick G. Hatcher | 2004 | Marine Chemistry2004，，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Molecular indicators of the sources and transformations of dissolved organic matter in Mississippi river plume显示文摘 | Ronald Benner Stephen Opsahl | 2001 | Organic Geochemistry2001，32，： | 1 |
| 6 | Combined neutral sugars as indicators of the diagenetic state of dissolved organic matter in the Arctic Ocean显示文摘 | Rainer M.W. Amon Ronald Benner | 2003 | Deep-Sea Research Part I2003，，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Molecular indicators of the sources and transformations of dissolved organic matter in the Mississippi river plume显示文摘 | Ronald Benner Stephen Opsahl | 2001 | Organic Geochemistry2001，，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Bulk chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the Ocean 显示文摘 | Benner R Pakulski J D Ronald Benner | 1992 | Science1992，255，： | 1 |
| 9 | Distribution and cycling of terrigenous dissolved organic matter in the ocean 显示文摘 | Stephen Opsahl Ronald Benner | 1997 | Nature1997，386，： | 1 |
| 10 | Competition between biological and photochemical processes in the mineralization of dissolved organic carbon显示文摘 | INGRID Obernosterer RONALD Benner | 2004 | Limnology and Oceanography2004，49，1： | 1 |
| 11 | A recent project shows that the microbial carbon pump is a primary mechanism driving ocean carbon uptake显示文摘The microbial carbon pump (MCP)contributes to ocean carbon sequestration by converting reactive organic matter into recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC)that can remain in seawater for thousands of years.The MCP is a potentially important ecosystem pathway operating in parallel with the well-known biological pump (BP),which turns atmospheric CO2 into particulate organic matter that sinks to deep waters and the ocean bottom,where its carbon is sequestered.Since the MCP was proposed byJiao et al.[1],it has become an important impetus for new research in the ocean carbon cycle (e.g.Legendre et al. [2]).A study of bacterial exometabo- lites recently showed that these dissolved molecules share many compositional and structural characteristics of recalcitrant DOC present in the deep ocean [3]. | Jing M.Chen Louis Legendre Ronald Benner | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，4： | 1 |
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